Decoherence of fiber light sources using a single-trench fiber

Decoherence of fiber laser sources is of great importance in imaging applications,and most current studies use ordinary multi-mode fibers(MMFs).Here,a newly designed single-trench fiber(STF)is investigated to reduce the spatial coherence of fiber light source and compared with MMFs.By bending two fibers with different turns,speckle contrast of a 0.8-m-long STF can be reduced from 0.13 to 0.08,while a 0.8-m-long MMF shows an inverse result.Through speckle contrast and decoupling-mode analysis,the reason of this inverse trend is revealed.Firstly,the STF supports more modes than the MMF due to its larger core diameter.Secondly,mode leak from the first core of the STF can couple to the second core when bending the STF.Thus,power distribution among high and low-order modes become more even,reducing the spatial coherence considerably.However,in the MMF,high-order modes become leaky modes and decrease slightly when bending the fiber.This work provides a new method to modulate coherence of light source and a new angle to study decoherence principle using special fibers.

Balancing efficacy and safety of doxorubicin-loaded albumin nanoparticles utilizing pH-sensitive doxorubicin-fatty acid prodrugs

Albumin nanoparticles(ANPs)offer unique advantages for antitumor drug delivery system,including non-immunogenicity and inherent tumor-targeting capacity.At present,only a few products,such as ABRAXANE®and FYARRO™,have been approved for clinical applications.The poor affinity of doxorubicin(DOX)for albumin,coupled with its numerous severe adverse reactions,poses challenges in the fabrication of desirable albumin nanoparticles loaded with DOX.In this study,we developed prodrugs by conjugating fatty acids of varying lengths with DOX.Our aim was to investigate the balance between efficacy and safety through the selection of appropriate modules.We synthesized five pH-sensitive doxorubicin-fatty acid prodrugs.Compared to free DOX,all DOX prodrug ANPs exhibited a uniform size distribution with desirable sizes of 150 nm.Additionally,DOX prodrugs with hydrazone bonds remained intact in blood circulation while releasing DOX within tumor cells.Significantly,the characteristics of prodrug ANPs were considerably influenced by the length of fatty acids,impacting their in vivo pharmacokinetics,antitumor effectiveness and tumor accumulation.This research offers a detailed understanding of the length of fatty acid influence on DOX-fatty acid prodrug-based ANPs,and it builds a good platform for creating ANPs which prioritize high drug loading,high efficiency,and minimal side effects.

Survival outcomes in older patients with different stages of acute kidney injury defined by the addition of urine output criteria

To the Editor:Globally,acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common life-threatening condition.AKI is more prevalent in elderly patients,with increasing mortality rates.Compared with younger patients,older patients with AKI have a higher risk of persistent injury and poorer prognoses.[1]Older individuals often have comorbidities,increasing their susceptibility to AKI.Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes(KDIGO)criteria define and stage AKI based on the higher stage of AKI defined by either serum creatinine(SCr)level or urine output(UO).[2]However,the record of UO is difficult to access in clinic,the data on the value of UO combined with SCr for AKI diagnosis or prognosis in elderly patients are lacking.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to investigate whether UO would influence the classification of AKI and improve the accuracy of prediction of the clinical prognosis in elderly patients.

MXene介导的近红外光热效应用于快速清除多种耐药菌以及菌膜

随着细菌耐药性的不断出现和加重,针对耐药菌感染和菌膜这类难以用传统抗生素治疗的临床医疗问题,需要发展新型高效快速的杀菌方法.本文采用新型二维材料MXene与近红外激光相结合,实现了在20 min内对细菌以及菌膜的快速高效杀除.为了测试该方案的广谱抗菌性,我们对包括耐药性的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)等多种耐药菌进行了快速灭菌实验.我们发现二碳化三钛类的MXene与808 nm激光的组合,对所测试的15种细菌均展现出显著的抗菌特性.并且该杀菌方案可通过破坏菌膜结构杀灭深层细菌,快速清除由MRSA所形成的菌膜.此外,对抗菌机理的研究显示,MXene和近红外激光主要是通过物理性的MXene插入及接触和光热效应杀死细菌,从而可以显著地降低细菌耐药性的产生.本工作提出了一种物理性清除多种耐药菌和菌膜的方案,并扩展了新型二维材料MXene在生物医学领域和临床上的潜在应用范围.

Prized edible Asian mushrooms: ecology, conservation and sustainability

Mushrooms can be found in forests worldwide and have long been exploited as resources in developed economies because of their important agro-industrial,medicinal and commercial uses.For less developed countries,such as those within the Greater Mekong Subregion,wild harvesting and mushroom cultivation provides a much-needed alternative source of income for rural households.However,this has led to over-harvesting and ultimately environmental degradation in certain areas,thus management guidelines allowing for a more sustained approach to the use of wild mushrooms is required.This article addresses a selection of the most popular and highly sought after edible mushrooms from Greater Mekong Subregion:Astraeus hygrometricus,Boletus edulis,Morchella conica,Ophiocordyceps sinensis,Phlebopus portentosus,Pleurotus giganteus,Termitomyces eurhizus,Thelephora ganbajun,Tricholoma matsuake,and Tuber indicum in terms of value,ecology and conservation.The greatest threat to these and many other mushroom species is that of habitat loss and over-harvesting of wild stocks,thus,by creating awareness of these issues we wish to enable a more sustainable use of these natural products.Thus our paper provides baseline data for these fungi so that future monitoring can establish the effects of continued harvesting on mushroom populations and the related host species.

LncRNA DACH1 protects against pulmonary fibrosis by binding to SRSF1 to suppress CTNNB1 accumulation

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a progressive disease with unknown etiology and limited therapeutic options.Activation of fibroblasts is a prominent feature of pulmonary fibrosis.Here we report that lncRNA DACH1(dachshund homolog 1)is downregulated in the lungs of IPF patients and in an experimental mouse model of lung fibrosis.LncDACH1 knockout mice develop spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis,whereas overexpression of LncDACH1 attenuated TGF-β1-induced aberrant activation,collagen deposition and differentiation of mouse lung fibroblasts.Similarly,forced expression of LncDACH1 not only prevented bleomycin(BLM)-induced lung fibrosis,but also reversed established lung fibrosis in a BLM model.Mechanistically,LncDACH1 binding to the serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1(SRSF1)protein decreases its activity and inhibits the accumulation of Ctnnb1.Enhanced expression of SRSF1 blocked the anti-fibrotic effect of LncDACH1 in lung fibroblasts.Furthermore,loss of LncDACH1 promoted proliferation,differentiation,and extracellular matrix(ECM)deposition in mouse lung fibroblasts,whereas such effects were abolished by silencing of Ctnnb1.In addition,a conserved fragment of LncDACH1 alleviated hyperproliferation,ECM deposition and differentiation of MRC-5 cells driven by TGF-β1.Collectively,LncDACH1 inhibits lung fibrosis by interacting with SRSF1 to suppress CTNNB1 accumulation,suggesting that LncDACH1 might be a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.

Dental Imaging With Near-Infrared Transillumination Using Random Fiber Laser

Contrary to the conventional detection method like radiography,the near infrared light source has been demonstrated to be suitable for dental imaging due to different reflectivity among enamel,dentin,and caries lesion.In this paper,three light sources with different bandwidths based on a transillumination method are compared.The contrast among enamel,dentin,and caries lesion is calculated in different situations.The experimental results show that the random fiber laser has the best comprehensive quality in dental imaging due to its high spectral density,low coherence,and deep penetration.This work provides a guidance for light source selection in dental imaging.

Erratum to:Balancing efficacy and safety of doxorubicin-loaded albumin nanoparticles utilizing pH-sensitive doxorubicin-fatty acid prodrugs

The Hoechst and DOX tunnel images of the DOX-C_(22) ANPs group at 4 h in Fig.4(a)were mistakenly used with the neighboring images of DOX-C_(26) ANPs group.The images were corrected as follows to be correspondence with the accurate merged image.