Clinical efficacy and safety of kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures at different surgical timings based on the theory of“dynamic-static integration”

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous kyphoplasty at different surgical timings in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF)based on the theory of“dynamic-static integration”.Methods:Patients with OVCF who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty in our hospital were selected and divided into Groups A,B,and C for those undergoing surgery within 7,7—21,and>21 days of fracture occurrence.The variations in the amount of bone cement injected,pre-and post-operative pain levels,functional activity,deformity correction of the injured vertebrae,bone cement leakage,and vertebral body height loss were compared among the three groups.Results:Regarding pain relief and functional activity,the postoperative Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores of the three groups significantly improved.Furthermore,the deformities of the injured vertebrae in the three groups were significantly corrected,with Groups A and B exhibiting superior correction compared to Group C.Moreover,the bone cement leakage rates in groups A and C were higher than that in Group B.At the 3-month follow-up,the loss of vertebral height in Group C was significantly higher than those in groups A and B.Conclusion:Kyphoplasty is effective for OVCF treatment.Early surgery can effectively restore the vertebral height of the injured vertebra,reduce kyphosis,and reduce height loss of the injured vertebra after surgery;nevertheless,treatment within 1—3 weeks of the fracture can reduce the occurrence of bone cement leakage,making the surgery safer.Therefore,surgical treatment within 1—3 weeks of fracture is safer and can achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects.From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine,PKP surgery can transform the fracture end from a micromotion state to a fixed state,which fully embodies the theory of“dynamic-static integration”.

High performance integrated photonic circuit based on inverse design method

The basic indexes of all-optical integrated photonic circuits include high-density integration,ultrafast response and ultralow energy consumption.Traditional methods mainly adopt conventional micro/nano-structures.The overall size of the circuit is large,usually reaches hundreds of microns.Besides,it is difficult to balance the ultrafast response and ultra-low energy consumption problem,and the crosstalk between two traditional devices is difficult to overcome.Here,we propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach based on inverse design method to realize a high-density,ultrafast and ultra-low energy consumption integrated photonic circuit with two all-optical switches controlling the input states of an all-optical XOR logic gate.The feature size of the whole circuit is only 2.5μm×7μm,and that of a single device is 2μm×2μm.The distance between two adjacent devices is as small as 1.5μm,within wavelength magnitude scale.Theoretical response time of the circuit is 150 fs,and the threshold energy is within 10 fJ/bit.We have also considered the crosstalk problem.The circuit also realizes a function of identifying two-digit logic signal results.Our work provides a new idea for the design of ultrafast,ultra-low energy consumption all-optical devices and the implementation of high-density photonic integrated circuits.

An efficient data aggregation scheme with local differential privacy in smart grid

By integrating the traditional power grid with information and communication technology, smart grid achieves dependable, efficient, and flexible grid data processing. The smart meters deployed on the user side of the smart grid collect the users' power usage data on a regular basis and upload it to the control center to complete the smart grid data acquisition. The control center can evaluate the supply and demand of the power grid through aggregated data from users and then dynamically adjust the power supply and price, etc. However, since the grid data collected from users may disclose the user's electricity usage habits and daily activities, privacy concern has become a critical issue in smart grid data aggregation. Most of the existing privacy-preserving data collection schemes for smart grid adopt homomorphic encryption or randomization techniques which are either impractical because of the high computation overhead or unrealistic for requiring a trusted third party.

主动亲近还是避而远之--政企关系视角下的外商合作对象选择

基于中国工业企业数据,本文考察了在行政干预风险下外商投资是否更为青睐与国有企业进行合资,以此来构建紧密的政企关系进而规避投资风险。研究发现,地区行政干预程度越为严重,外资在进入中国市场时越倾向于选择合资形式,而且更有意愿与国有企业进行合资。与国有企业合资现象在高契约密集度行业表现得尤为突出;进一步考虑了外资来源地、外商股权份额以及引资政策调整等情形,基本结论都较为稳健。

Is Financial Development Another Source of Comparative Advantage? Evidence from China

Using panel data for 29 provinces in China during 1990-2004, the present paper attempts to explore a possible link between financial development and China＇s foreign trade. Three measures of comparative advantage in manufactured goods have been applied in our study, including Balassa＇s revealed comparative advantage, the net manufactured export index, and the Michaely index. We also use four indicators of financial development to identify the different functions of regional financial development, and to determine both size and efficiency features of financial institutions. The estimation results suggest that besides factor endowments, foreign firms and infrastructure, financial development has a quantitatively large and robust effect on China ＇ s manufactured goods trade. Therefore, further reform of China＇s financial system should be encouraged to fully exploit the comparative advantage of China＇s foreign trade.

Novel,tadpole-shaped,polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing sulfonated block copolymer for humidity sensing

Due to the"trade-off"effect between the high water adsorption and low stability under high Relative Humidity of polymer matrix,fabrication of resistive-type polymer-based humidity sensors with a wide impedance response and excellent stability in high relative humidity remains a great challenge.Aim at solving that,a novel polymeric humidity sensing matrix,specifically a tadpole-shaped,polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS)containing block copolymers(BCPs)of POSS-poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly styrene(POSS-PMMA-SPS)were proposed.This novel BCP was synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP)employing a two-step approach,and following post sulfonation,a series of sulfonated BCPs(POSS-PMMA-SPS)with different sulfonation degree was obtained.The subject humidity sensors were produced using different sulfonated BCPs employing a dip-coating technique,and three wide-impedance response humidity sensors were produced.Each of these sensors exhibited an excellent humidity-sensing response of mo re than 104 within the humidity range from 11%to 95%RH.In particular,the humidity sensor S-6 that had a proper degree of sulfonation presented a relatively fast response(t90%of 11 s and 80 s in both the water adsorption and desorption processes),and superior repeatability for more than 30 days.

基于无机电致变色材料的变色储能器件

电致变色和电化学储能的原理均是基于电荷在电极中的嵌入或脱出而发生的氧化还原反应,具有相同的电化学本质。将电致变色和电化学储能功能集成在一起的电化学器件即电致变色储能器件。以锂离子电池为代表的电化学储能器件已广泛商业化,单一功能的电致变色器件也已被广泛报道并有商业化应用,但有关电致变色储能器件的研究仍然停留在实验阶段。该类器件在电化学储能的同时,可以改变其在可见光甚至红外波段的透射率,并可用颜色指示器件的荷电状态,为电化学器件提供新的应用前景。电致变色储能器件主要包括电致变色超级电容器、电致变色电池和光驱动电致变色智能窗等。电致变色超级电容器和电致变色电池以同时具有电致变色效应和电荷存储性质的材料为正负电极,光驱动电致变色智能窗则还包括将光能转化为电能的光电转换部分。这些器件可用于建筑节能智能窗、静态显示、智能传感等。此外,在柔性基底上制备的可穿戴电致变色储能器件在智能服装、植入显示器和电子皮肤等方面具有应用潜力。本文从基本原理、研究进展和应用领域等方面对无机电致变色储能材料与器件进行综述,并提出未来的研究展望。