Visualizing experimental investigation on gas-liquid replacements in a microcleat model using the reconstruction method

Cleats are the main channels for fluid transport in coal reservoirs.However,the microscale flow characteristics of both gas and water phases in primary cleats have not been fully studied as yet.Accordingly,the local morphological features of the cleat were determined using image processing technology and a transparent cleat structure model was constructed by microfluidic lithography using the multiphase fluid visualization test system.Besides,the effect of microchannel tortuosity characteristics on two‐phase flow was analyzed in this study.The results are as follows:(1)The local width of the original cleat structure of coal was strongly nonhomogeneous.The cleats showed contraction and expansion in the horizontal direction and undulating characteristics in the vertical direction.(2)The transient flow velocity fluctuated due to the structural characteristics of the primary cleat.The water‐driven gas interface showed concave and convex instability during flow,whereas the gas‐driven water interface presented a relatively stable concave surface.(3)The meniscus advanced in a symmetrical pattern in the flat channel,and the flow stagnated due to the influence of undulation points in a partially curved channel.The flow would continue only when the meniscus surface bypassed the stagnation point and reached a new equilibrium position.(4)Enhanced shearing at the gas-liquid interface increased the gas‐injection pressure,which in turn increased residual liquids in wall grooves and liquid films on the wall surface.

Bake hardening behavior of TRIP and DP steels

The bake hardening （BH） behavior of transformation-induced plasticity （TRIP） and dual-phase （DP） steels after different prestrains was studied. The experimental results indicate that TRIP steel exhibits good BH ability while DP steel does not, and prestrain displays a strong effect on the BH values of both steels. The comparison of microstructures of the two steels showed that the hard second phase in the matrix might be harmful to the BH ability. For deformed specimens, baking resulted in a loss of uniform elongation, but there was no obvious decrease in uniform elongation for unprestrained specimens.

Internal Friction on the Bake-Hardening Behavior of 0.11C-1.67Mn-1.19Si TRIP Steel

The bake-hardening （BH） values and the ＂internal friction-temperature＂ spectrums were studied for the baked 0.11C-1.67Mn-1.19Si TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） specimens with 0%, 2% and 6% prestrain. Results show that the experimental TRIP steel deserves good bake-hardening ability and Cottrell atmosphere is the reason for its bake hardening characteristic. It is also concluded that both the number and the saturation degree of Cottrell atmosphere might affect the BH value of TRIP steel.

Dual-sized hollow particle incorporated fibroin thermal insulating coatings on catheter for cerebral therapeutic hypothermia

Selective endovascular hypothermia has been used to provide cooling-induced cerebral neuroprotection,but current catheters do not support thermally-insulated transfer of cold infusate,which results in an increased exit temperature,causes hemodilution,and limits its cooling efficiency.Herein,air-sprayed fibroin/silica-based coatings combined with chemical vapor deposited parylene-C capping film was prepared on catheter.This coating features in dual-sized-hollow-microparticle incorporated structures with low thermal conductivity.The infusate exit temperature is tunable by adjusting the coating thickness and infusion rate.No peeling or cracking was observed on the coatings under bending and rotational scenarios in the vascular models.Its efficiency was verified in a swine model,and the outlet temperature of coated catheter(75μm thickness)was 1.8-2.0◦C lower than that of the uncoated one.This pioneering work on catheter thermal insulation coatings may facilitate the clinical translation of selective endovascular hypothermia for neuroprotection in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Design of variable-rate liquid fertilization control system and its stability analysis

Variable-rate technology(VRT)has been paid more attentions by farmers in an attempt to match inputs to local growing conditions efficiently.Farmers in every country are highly encouraged to adopt this practice rather than uniform-rate application(URA).However,the standard methods and design used to quantify application accuracy for VRT remain lacking.Therefore,a variable-rate liquid fertilization control system was designed to meet accurate fertilization demand.The designed control system could enable the real-time proportion and mixture of three kinds of liquid fertilizers,namely,N,P and K,in accordance with decision support subsystem.The task controller reads related information and sends such data to the control system,which is responsible for fertilization operation.The controller could realize liquid fertilizer adjusting through the electromagnetic flow control valves.A high-precision flow meter could measure the fertilization amount,which is sent as feedback to the controller to form a closed-loop control system based on the improved proportional-integral-derivative(PID)control algorithm that could enhance the stability and accuracy of precision variable-rate liquid fertilization control systems.Comparisons between the actual and planned application rates indicated good performance for both static and field experimental trials.Mathematical models and transfer functions for some functional modules were then constructed by classical theories to derive a system characteristic equation.To verify the static and dynamic performances,the control system was simulated using the Simulink module on Matlab.Results showed that the variable-rate fertilization was in accordance with the planned data and that the signal trace effect was good.The error was less than 5%for fertilization amount and fertilizer proportion,respectively,and the control response time was 6 s.

Basophils as a potential therapeutic target in cancer

Basophils,which are considered as redundant relatives of mast cells and the rarest granulocytes in peripheral circulation,have been neglected by researchers in the past decades.Previous studies have revealed their vital roles in allergic diseases and parasitic infections.Intriguingly,recent studies even reported that basophils might be associated with cancer development,as activated basophils synthesize and release a variety of cytokines and chemokines in response to cancers.However,it is still subject to debate whether basophils function as tumor-protecting or tumor-promoting components;the answer may depend on the tumor biology and the microenvironment.Herein,we reviewed the role of basophils in cancers,and highlighted some potential and promising therapeutic strategies.

A wireless intelligent thermal control and management system for piglet in large-scale pig farms

Indoor temperature is a critical environmental factor for piglets that affects the health,welfare,and production efficiency of domesticated pigs.However,there are limited reports about wireless intelligent thermal control and management system for piglets in largescale pig farms,and evaluation energy saving.This paper presents an Automatic Thermal Control and Management System(ATCMS)of micro-environment for piglets,that could provide a suitable production environment and reduce the energy consumption.ATCMS includes automatic temperature control system(ATCS),multipoint temperature management system(MTMS)and remote access.The infrared heating lamps are chosen in the ATCS for their good performance in heating rate and heating distribution.In order to meet a scientific temperature requirements of piglet growth,the suitable thermal ranges of each growth-stage(STREG)are employed as intelligent control strategies to generate an automatic and precise heating control.MTMS is responsible for communicating with ATCSs and transmitting information to database server for record based on wireless technology.Remote access offers information services for remote administrators by smart phones and clients via Internet.The experiments of ATCMS were carried out both in winter and summer at Binsheng Breeding Piggery Farm,Acheng City,Heilongjiang Province,China.Results showed that the temperature provided by ATCS had been kept in STREG of piglets during the whole winter period.When the indoor temperature during summer period were in or above STREG,heating lamps were turned off by ATCS for a long time.The energy consumption of ATCS were 63.60%in winter and 39.35%in summer with continuous heating system operation.Therefore,ATCMS could take the suitable thermal ranges of each growth-stage as an intelligent control principle to give an automatic and precise control to heating devices in order to meet a scientific temperature requirements of piglet growth.

The Distribution of Synaptotagmin Ⅱ in RBL-2H3 and Its Regulation on Exocytosis of Lysosomes in RBL-2H3

Synaptotagmin （Syt） constitutes a family of membrane-trafficking proteins, so far nearly 20 Syts have been discovered. Extensive work showed that synatotagmins were a potential Ca^2＋ sensor for regulated exocytosis. This study was to investigate the expression and location of synaptotagmin II （Syt2） in RBL-2H3 （RBL） and its role in regulating exocytosis of RBL. The expression of Syt2 in RBL was confirmed by Western blot. The recombinant expression vector pEGFP-N1-Syt2 was constructed and transfected into RBL by electroporation, the stable transfectant RBL-Syt2-S expressing fusion protein Syt2-EGFP were obtained and Syt2 was highly concentrated at plasma membrane with little detected in cytoplasm. To analyze the role of Syt2 during exocytosis of RBL, the release of cathepsin D was assayed by immunoblotting. Compared with control, the release of cathepsin D by RBL-Syt2-S was markedly decreased. The results indicated that Syt2 played a negative regulation in exocytosis of lysosomes in RBL. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2005;2（3）：205-209.

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019

This consensus focuses on severe and critical coronavi-rus disease 2019(COVID-19)mainly based on the consideration that mortality of severe and critical cases is higher than mild and mo derate cases of COVID-19.Severe patients usually developed dyspnea and/or hypoxemia in a short period of time,and in some cases progressively developed respiratory failure,septic shock,coagulation disorders,and multi-organ dysfunction.

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),is highly contagious[1]and has developed into a global pan-demic.Up to July 1,2022,COVID-19 has affected>200 coun-tries and regions across the globe and caused 545,226,550 con-firmed cases and 6334,728 deaths,[2]seriously compromising human life,public properties.

The maximum amplification of perturbations in ecological systems

Conventionally, most researches of ecologicM models focus mainly on the asymptotic stability properties near equilibria. However, transient effects can be important. It dom- inates the dynamics seen in experimental or field studies. Transient behavior near an equilibrium is measured by resilience, reactivity, the maximum amplification of a per- turbation and the time at which the maximum amplification occurs. In this paper, we demonstrate emphatically the calculation of the amplification envelope of a homoge- neous system of linear equations, then apply it to three ecological models. We conclude that transient amplification of perturbations to a stable equilibrium should be a very common ecological phenomenon, and reactive systems have huge changes around their equilibria.