Submerged vegetation commonly grows and plays a vital role in aquatic ecosystems,but it is also regarded as a barrier to the passing flow.Numerical simulations of flow through and over submerged vegetation were carrie...Submerged vegetation commonly grows and plays a vital role in aquatic ecosystems,but it is also regarded as a barrier to the passing flow.Numerical simulations of flow through and over submerged vegetation were carried out to investigate the effect of vegetation density on flow field.Numerical simulations were computationally set up to replicate flume experiments,in which vegetation was mimicked with flexible plastic strips.The fluid-structure interaction between flow and flexible vegetation was solved by coupling the two modules of the COMSOL packages.Two cases with different vegetation densities were simulated,and the results were successfully validated against the experimental data.The contours of the simulated time-averaged streamwise velocity and Reynolds stress were extracted to highlight the differences in mean and turbulent flow statistics.The turbulence intensity was found to be more sensitive to vegetation density than the time-averaged velocity.The developing length increased with the spacing between plants.The snapshots of the bending vegetation under instantaneous velocity and vorticity revealed that flexible vegetation responded to the effects of eddies in the shear layer by swaying periodically.The first two rows of vegetation suffered stronger approaching flow and were prone to more streamlined postures.In addition,the origin of tip vortices was investigated via the distribution of vorticity.The results reveal the variation of flow properties with bending submerged vegetation and provide useful reference for optimizationofrestorationprojects.展开更多
The cytosolic liver-specific growth factor-hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) has been shown to be able to amplify the rat hepatocyte proliferation responded to EGF. In order to get more insight into the mechanism, th...The cytosolic liver-specific growth factor-hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) has been shown to be able to amplify the rat hepatocyte proliferation responded to EGF. In order to get more insight into the mechanism, the regulatory effect of HSS on EGF-receptor(EGF-R) and the receptor phosphorylation at molecular level was studied. HSS partially purified from weanling rat liver was given to cultured hepatocytes and its influence on EGF-R specific binding and internalization as well as mRNA expression were investigated. The results showed that preincubation of hepatocytes with HSS could lead to an increase in [125I]-EGF binding to its receptors and inhibit EGFinduced receptor down-regulation. Furthermore, the overexpression of EGF-R mRNA stimulated by HSS was seen during 2-12 h after the incubation. Additionally, it was demonstrated with human hepatoma sMMC-7721 cells in Western blot that the EGF-R expression and the receptor autophosphorylation were increased with dose/timedependency after HSS treatment. These results strongly suggest that the mechanism of HSS action on hepatocyte growth might be related to its modulation on EGF-R and receptor-mediated signaling transduction.展开更多
Resazurin(RZ)is a weakly fl uorescent blue dye and can be reduced irreversibly to highly fl uorescent pink resorufi n(RF)that is reduced reversibly to colorless dihydroresorufi n(hRF)by photodeoxygenation,chemical rea...Resazurin(RZ)is a weakly fl uorescent blue dye and can be reduced irreversibly to highly fl uorescent pink resorufi n(RF)that is reduced reversibly to colorless dihydroresorufi n(hRF)by photodeoxygenation,chemical reaction and reductive organic compounds produced through cell metabolism.Because of the reliable and sensitive fl uorescence-color change and noninvasive features,RZ has been used widely as a redox indicator in cell viability/proliferation assays for bacteria,yeast,and mammalian cells.However,RZ is used rarely for physiological characterization of marine microorganisms.Here,we developed a custom-made irradiation and absorption-analysis device to assess the reducing capacity and physiologic status of marine bacterial cultures.We measured the absorption spectra of RZ,RF,and hRF in the presence of the reducing compound Na 2 S and under visible-light irradiation.After establishing appropriate parameters,we monitored the color changes of RZ and its reduced derivatives to evaluate the coherence between reducing capacity,bioluminescence and growth of the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum strain ANT-2200 under various conditions.Emission of bioluminescence is an oxidation process dependent upon cellular reducing capacity.Growth and bioluminescence of ANT-2200 cell cultures were impeded progressively with increasing concentrations of RZ,which suggested competition for reducing molecules between RZ at high concentration with reductive metabolism.Therefore,caution should be applied upon direct addition of RZ to growth media to monitor redox reactions in cell cultures.Analyses of the instantaneous reduction velocity of RZ in ANT-2200 cell cultures showed a detrimental eff ect of high hydrostatic pressure and high coherence between the reducing capacity and bioluminescence of cultures.These data clearly demonstrate the potential of using RZ to characterize the microbial metabolism and physiology of marine bacteria.展开更多
A tetranuclear copper (I) complex of the ditholate ligand fused with a TTF moiety hasbeen synthesized and characterized crystallographically. This is the first example of a metaJ clustercoordinated with the new type l...A tetranuclear copper (I) complex of the ditholate ligand fused with a TTF moiety hasbeen synthesized and characterized crystallographically. This is the first example of a metaJ clustercoordinated with the new type ligand. The complex shows interesting redox and radical properties.展开更多
A membrane bioreactor(MBR)with ordinary aeration(reactor R1)and a MBR with microporous aeration(reactor R2)are conducted in parallel to investigate the characteristics of oily sludge and its effect on membrane fouling...A membrane bioreactor(MBR)with ordinary aeration(reactor R1)and a MBR with microporous aeration(reactor R2)are conducted in parallel to investigate the characteristics of oily sludge and its effect on membrane fouling.The results indicate that the order of membrane fouling rate from high to low is:reactor R1 dissolved oxygen(DO)(1 mg/L)>reactor R2 DO(1 mg/L)>reactor R1 DO(4 mg/L)>reactor R2 DO(4 mg/L).Membrane fouling rate is not related to oily sludge concentration but to oily sludge sedimentation performance and the small particle oily sludge is the key factor to affect the membrane fouling.The soluble microbial products(SMP)are examined by three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix(3DEEM)fluorescence spectra.3DEEM spectra demonstrate that the main organic substances of the SMP in two reactors are tyrosine aromatic protein,fulvic acid-like substances and soluble microbial products under DO are1 mg/L and 4 mg/L,respectively.The proportion sum of fulvic acid-like substances and soluble microbial products is the key factor affecting membrane fouling,and membrane fouling accelerates as the ratio increases.展开更多
Cellular metabolism is the fundamental process by which cells maintain growth and self-renewal.It produces energy,furnishes raw materials,and intermedi-ates for biomolecule synthesis,and modulates enzyme activity to s...Cellular metabolism is the fundamental process by which cells maintain growth and self-renewal.It produces energy,furnishes raw materials,and intermedi-ates for biomolecule synthesis,and modulates enzyme activity to sustain normal cellular functions.Cellular metabolism is the foundation of cellular life processes and plays a regulatory role in various biological functions,including pro-grammed cell death.Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of iron-dependent programmed cell death.The inhibition of ferroptosis plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.However,the role of cellular metabolism,particularly glucose and amino acid metabolism,in cancer ferroptosis is not well understood.Here,we reviewed glucose,lipid,amino acid,iron and sele-nium metabolism involvement in cancer cell ferroptosis to elucidate the impact of different metabolic pathways on this process.Additionally,we provided a detailed overview of agents used to induce cancer ferroptosis.We explained that the metabolism of tumor cells plays a crucial role in maintaining intracellu-lar redox homeostasis and that disrupting the normal metabolic processes in these cells renders them more susceptible to iron-induced cell death,resulting in enhanced tumor cell killing.The combination of ferroptosis inducers and cel-lular metabolism inhibitors may be a novel approach to future cancer therapy and an important strategy to advance the development of treatments.展开更多
Alkaloids are one of the prominent members in the development of new antimicrobial agents.This work discovered a class of alkaloid quinazolone-derived imidazolenones as novel structural type of antibacterial agents wi...Alkaloids are one of the prominent members in the development of new antimicrobial agents.This work discovered a class of alkaloid quinazolone-derived imidazolenones as novel structural type of antibacterial agents with large potential to treat severe bacterial infections in the agricultural and food field.Preliminary bioactive assay displayed that some of the prepared compounds exhibited good inhibition against the tested strains,and cyclohexylimidazole-derived 7-fluoroquinazolone 22a(MIC=0.002 mmol/L)exhibited a 12.5-fold stronger inhibition than norfloxacin against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.Further studies revealed that compound 22a not only possessed the ability of rapid bactericidal property and low propensity to develop resistance but also showed low cytotoxic effects toward red blood cells.The preliminary mechanism exploration indicated that compound 22a could cause membrane damage by disrupting bacterial membrane as well as depolarizing the cell membrane.Moreover,compound 22a could insert into DNA,which might hinder the replication of DNA.Molecular docking suggested that compound 22a could bind to gyrase and topoisomerase,which might be due to the suppressed expression of related genes.Meanwhile,compound 22a could disorder the metabolism and stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species to affect bacterial growth.The series of investigations suggested the promise of alkaloid quinazolone-derived imidazolenones as novel multitargeting antibacterial candidates for treatment of bacterial infections.展开更多
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and participate in intercellular communication.The components of exosomes,including proteins,DNA,mRNA,microRNA,long noncoding RNA,circular RNA,etc....Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and participate in intercellular communication.The components of exosomes,including proteins,DNA,mRNA,microRNA,long noncoding RNA,circular RNA,etc.,which play a crucial role in regulating tumor growth,metastasis,and angiogenesis in the process of cancer development,and can be used as a prognostic marker and/or grading basis for tumor patients.Hereby,we mainly summarized as followed:the role of exosome contents in cancer,focusing on proteins and noncoding RNA;the interaction between exosomes and tumor microenvironment;the mechanisms that epithelial-mesenchymal transition,invasion and migration of tumor affected by exosomes;and tumor suppression strategies based on exosomes.Finally,the application potential of exosomes in clinical tumor diagnosis and therapy is prospected,which providing theoretical supports for using exosomes to serve precise tumor treatment in the clinic.展开更多
Background:Surgery and radiotherapy are considered local therapies for small cell lung cancer(SCLC).The present study aimed to select candidates for surgery as local therapy among patients with stage I or II SCLC,base...Background:Surgery and radiotherapy are considered local therapies for small cell lung cancer(SCLC).The present study aimed to select candidates for surgery as local therapy among patients with stage I or II SCLC,based on the eighth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer.Methods:Patients diagnosed with SCLC between 2004 and 2013 were selected from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,And End Results database.The TNM stage of SCLC in these patients was re-classified according to the eighth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer.Patients with stage I or II SCLC were included in the present study.Overall survival(OS)and lung cancer-specific survival(LCSS)were separately compared in the different TNM stages between patients who received surgery and radiotherapy as local therapy.Multivariate analysis was applied to evaluate multi-ple factors associated with survival.Results:Among the 2129 patients included in the present study,387(18.2%)received surgery,1032(48.5%)under-went radiotherapy as local therapy,154(7.2%)underwent surgery and radiotherapy,and 556(26.1%)did not undergo either surgery or radiotherapy.Among patients with T1-2N0(tumor size≤50 mm without positive lymph nodes)dis-ease,patients who underwent surgery had higher 5-year OS and LCSS rates than patients who received radiotherapy(T1N0:46.0%vs.23.8%,P<0.001,and 58.4%vs.36.4%,P<0.001,respectively;T2N0:42.6%vs.24.7%,P=0.004,and 48.8%vs.31.3%,P=0.011,respectively).Multivariate analysis results revealed that surgery was associated with low risk of death.However,among T3N0 or T1-2N1(stage IIB)SCLC patients,patients who underwent surgery did not have higher 5-year OS and LCSS rates than patients who received radiotherapy(T3N0:16.2%vs.26.5%,P=0.085,and 28.7%vs.30.9%,P=0.372,respectively;T1-2N1:20.3%vs.29.0%,P=0.146,and 25.6%vs.35.5%,P=0.064,respectively).Conclusions:Based on the assumption that the overwhelming majority of stage I or II SCLC patients who underwent surgery or radiotherapy also received certain types of systemic therapy,only patients with T1-2N0 SCLC may benefit from surgery as local therapy.Patients with T3N0 or T1-2N1 SCLC may consider radiotherapy as local therapy.展开更多
Recently,transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)nanoscrolls have exhibited unique electronic and optical properties due to their spiral tubular structures,which are formed by rolling up monolayer TMDCs nanosheets.Insp...Recently,transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)nanoscrolls have exhibited unique electronic and optical properties due to their spiral tubular structures,which are formed by rolling up monolayer TMDCs nanosheets.Inspired by the excellent physical and chemical properties of TMDCs van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs),it is highly desirable to scroll TMDCs vdWHs for potential optoelectronic applications.In this work,WS2/MoS2 vdWHs nanoscrolls were massively prepared by dropping aqueous alkaline droplet on chemical vapor deposition(CVD)-grown bilayer WS2/MoS2 vdWHs,which were formed by growing monolayer WS2 islands on top of monolayer MoS2 nanosheets simultaneously.The optical microscopy(OM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),ultralow frequency(ULF)Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)were utilized to characterize the WS2/MoS2 vdWHs nanoscrolls.As-obtained WS2/MoS2 vdWHs nanoscrolls exhibited new ULF breathing mode as well as shear mode peaks due to the strong interlayer interaction.Notably,the photosensitivities of WS2/MoS2 vdWHs nanoscrolls-based devices were about ten times higher than those of WS2/MoS2 vdWHs-based devices under blue,green and red lasers,respectively,which could be attributed to the ultrafast charge transfer at alternative WS2/MoS2 and MoS2/WS2 multi-interfaces in scrolled structure.Our work suggested that TMDCs vdWHs scrolls could be promising candidates for optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Cu-0.57Cr-0.01Ca and Cu-0.58Cr-0.01Sr(wt.%)alloys were fabricated and processed by thermo-mechanical treatment.Their mechanical and electrical properties and microstructure were investigated in detail and compared wit...Cu-0.57Cr-0.01Ca and Cu-0.58Cr-0.01Sr(wt.%)alloys were fabricated and processed by thermo-mechanical treatment.Their mechanical and electrical properties and microstructure were investigated in detail and compared with those of a Cu-0.57Cr(wt.%)alloy.The results showed that the softening resistance of the Cu-Cr alloy was significantly improved by the additions of Ca and Sr elements.Compared with the Cu-Cr alloy,the deformation microstructure of the Cu-Cr-Ca and Cu-Cr-Sr alloys was more difficult to recrystallize at elevated temperatures,and the Cr precipitates in the Cu-Cr-Ca and Cu-Cr-Sr alloys were smaller in size and had an FCC structure at any given aging state.The high strengths of the Cu-Cr-Ca and Cu-Cr-Sr alloys were mainly attributed to the dislocation strengthening provided by high-density dislocations and the precipitate strengthening provided by fine Cr precipitates.First-principles calculation showed that the segregations of Ca and Sr atoms at interface between Cr precipitates and copper matrix were favorable in energetics.This segregation effectively hindered the growth of Cr precipitates and significantly enhanced the pinning effect on the motion of dislocations and subgrain boundaries,eventually leading to the improvement in the softening resistance of the Cu-Cr alloy.展开更多
The negative effects of low temperature can readily induce a variety of diseases.We sought to understand the reasons why cold stress induces disease by studying the mechanisms of fine-tuning in macrophages following c...The negative effects of low temperature can readily induce a variety of diseases.We sought to understand the reasons why cold stress induces disease by studying the mechanisms of fine-tuning in macrophages following cold exposure.We found that cold stress triggers increased macrophage activation accompanied by metabolic reprogramming of aerobic glycolysis.The discovery,by genome-wide RNA sequencing,of defective mitochondria in mice macrophages following cold exposure indicated that mitochondrial defects may contribute to this process.In addition,changes in metabolism drive the differentiation of macrophages by affecting histone modifications.Finally,we showed that histone acetylation and lactylation are modulators of macrophage differentiation following cold exposure.Collectively,metabolism-related epigenetic modifications are essential for the differentiation of macrophages in cold-stressed mice,and the regulation of metabolism may be crucial for alleviating the harm induced by cold stress.展开更多
Background: Liver transplantation has become the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage acute or chronic hepatic disease. Bile duct complications are common events after liver transplantation. The aim of thi...Background: Liver transplantation has become the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage acute or chronic hepatic disease. Bile duct complications are common events after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood supply of the human bile duct and identify the underlying mechanisms of bile duct complications after liver transplantation. Methods: The duct supply branches from gastroduodenal artery and blood supply of extrahepatic bile duct system were re-evaluated through selective hepatic angiography from 600 patients. In addition, 33 cadavers were injected with latex casting material into the common hepatic artery, then the extrahepatic bile duct and the branches from the common hepatic artery were carefully dissected to visualize the gastroduodenal artery and its branching to the extrahepatic bile duct. Results: The bile duct artery arose from the branch of the gastroduodenal artery in 8.1% (49/600). Of these 49 individuals, the bile duct artery was supplied by the gastroduodenal artery (61.22%, 30/49), the proper hepatic artery (14.29%, 7/49), or both the gastroduodenal artery and the proper hepatic artery (24.49%, 12/49). In our study of 33 cadavers, the percentage that the bile duct artery arose from the gastroduodenal artery was 27.27%. The blood supply to the bile extrahepatic bile ducts was divided into different segments and formed longitudinal and arterial network anastomosed on the walls of the duct. Conclusions: There is a close relationship between the duct supply branches from gastroduodenal artery and the blood supplying patterns of the extrahepatic bile duct system. In liver transplant surgery, the initial part of the gastroduodenal artery is preferred to be preserved in the donor liver. It is of great significance to improve the success rate of operation and reduce complications.展开更多
The properties of two-dimensional(2D)materials are highly dependent on their phase and thickness.Various phases exist in tin disulfide(SnS_(2)),resulting in promising electronic and optical properties.Hence,accurately...The properties of two-dimensional(2D)materials are highly dependent on their phase and thickness.Various phases exist in tin disulfide(SnS_(2)),resulting in promising electronic and optical properties.Hence,accurately identifying the phase and thickness of SnS_(2)nanosheets is prior to their optoelectronic applications.Herein,layered 2H-SnS_(2)and 4H-SnS_(2)crystals were grown by chemical vapor transportation and the crystalline phase of SnS_(2)was characterized by X-ray diffraction,ultralow frequency(ULF)Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscope.As-grown crystals were mechanically exfoliated to single-and few-layer nanosheets,which were investigated by optical microscopy,atomic force microscopy and ULF Raman spectroscopy.Although the 2H-SnS_(2)and 4H-SnS_(2)nanosheets have similar optical contrast on SiO_(2)/Si substrates,their ULF Raman spectra obviously show different shear and breathing modes,which are highly dependent on their phases and thicknesses.Interestingly,the SnS_(2)nanosheets have shown phase-dependent electrical properties.The 4H-SnS_(2)nanosheet shows a current on/off ratio of 2.58×10^(5) and excellent photosensitivity,which are much higher than those of the 2H-SnS_(2)nanosheet.Our work not only offers an accurate method for identifying single-and few-layer SnS_(2)nanosheets with different phases,but also paves the way for the application of SnS_(2)nanosheets in highperformance optoelectronic devices.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.2022YFC3202602,52109013,and U2040205)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M701049).
文摘Submerged vegetation commonly grows and plays a vital role in aquatic ecosystems,but it is also regarded as a barrier to the passing flow.Numerical simulations of flow through and over submerged vegetation were carried out to investigate the effect of vegetation density on flow field.Numerical simulations were computationally set up to replicate flume experiments,in which vegetation was mimicked with flexible plastic strips.The fluid-structure interaction between flow and flexible vegetation was solved by coupling the two modules of the COMSOL packages.Two cases with different vegetation densities were simulated,and the results were successfully validated against the experimental data.The contours of the simulated time-averaged streamwise velocity and Reynolds stress were extracted to highlight the differences in mean and turbulent flow statistics.The turbulence intensity was found to be more sensitive to vegetation density than the time-averaged velocity.The developing length increased with the spacing between plants.The snapshots of the bending vegetation under instantaneous velocity and vorticity revealed that flexible vegetation responded to the effects of eddies in the shear layer by swaying periodically.The first two rows of vegetation suffered stronger approaching flow and were prone to more streamlined postures.In addition,the origin of tip vortices was investigated via the distribution of vorticity.The results reveal the variation of flow properties with bending submerged vegetation and provide useful reference for optimizationofrestorationprojects.
文摘The cytosolic liver-specific growth factor-hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) has been shown to be able to amplify the rat hepatocyte proliferation responded to EGF. In order to get more insight into the mechanism, the regulatory effect of HSS on EGF-receptor(EGF-R) and the receptor phosphorylation at molecular level was studied. HSS partially purified from weanling rat liver was given to cultured hepatocytes and its influence on EGF-R specific binding and internalization as well as mRNA expression were investigated. The results showed that preincubation of hepatocytes with HSS could lead to an increase in [125I]-EGF binding to its receptors and inhibit EGFinduced receptor down-regulation. Furthermore, the overexpression of EGF-R mRNA stimulated by HSS was seen during 2-12 h after the incubation. Additionally, it was demonstrated with human hepatoma sMMC-7721 cells in Western blot that the EGF-R expression and the receptor autophosphorylation were increased with dose/timedependency after HSS treatment. These results strongly suggest that the mechanism of HSS action on hepatocyte growth might be related to its modulation on EGF-R and receptor-mediated signaling transduction.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2016YFC0302502,2018YFC0309904,2016YFC0304905)the NSFC of China(Nos.91751202,91751108,41806174)the Sanya Municipality(Nos.2018YD01,2018YD02),and the CNRS for LIA-MagMC。
文摘Resazurin(RZ)is a weakly fl uorescent blue dye and can be reduced irreversibly to highly fl uorescent pink resorufi n(RF)that is reduced reversibly to colorless dihydroresorufi n(hRF)by photodeoxygenation,chemical reaction and reductive organic compounds produced through cell metabolism.Because of the reliable and sensitive fl uorescence-color change and noninvasive features,RZ has been used widely as a redox indicator in cell viability/proliferation assays for bacteria,yeast,and mammalian cells.However,RZ is used rarely for physiological characterization of marine microorganisms.Here,we developed a custom-made irradiation and absorption-analysis device to assess the reducing capacity and physiologic status of marine bacterial cultures.We measured the absorption spectra of RZ,RF,and hRF in the presence of the reducing compound Na 2 S and under visible-light irradiation.After establishing appropriate parameters,we monitored the color changes of RZ and its reduced derivatives to evaluate the coherence between reducing capacity,bioluminescence and growth of the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum strain ANT-2200 under various conditions.Emission of bioluminescence is an oxidation process dependent upon cellular reducing capacity.Growth and bioluminescence of ANT-2200 cell cultures were impeded progressively with increasing concentrations of RZ,which suggested competition for reducing molecules between RZ at high concentration with reductive metabolism.Therefore,caution should be applied upon direct addition of RZ to growth media to monitor redox reactions in cell cultures.Analyses of the instantaneous reduction velocity of RZ in ANT-2200 cell cultures showed a detrimental eff ect of high hydrostatic pressure and high coherence between the reducing capacity and bioluminescence of cultures.These data clearly demonstrate the potential of using RZ to characterize the microbial metabolism and physiology of marine bacteria.
文摘A tetranuclear copper (I) complex of the ditholate ligand fused with a TTF moiety hasbeen synthesized and characterized crystallographically. This is the first example of a metaJ clustercoordinated with the new type ligand. The complex shows interesting redox and radical properties.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21173026)Key Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2013CFA107).
文摘A membrane bioreactor(MBR)with ordinary aeration(reactor R1)and a MBR with microporous aeration(reactor R2)are conducted in parallel to investigate the characteristics of oily sludge and its effect on membrane fouling.The results indicate that the order of membrane fouling rate from high to low is:reactor R1 dissolved oxygen(DO)(1 mg/L)>reactor R2 DO(1 mg/L)>reactor R1 DO(4 mg/L)>reactor R2 DO(4 mg/L).Membrane fouling rate is not related to oily sludge concentration but to oily sludge sedimentation performance and the small particle oily sludge is the key factor to affect the membrane fouling.The soluble microbial products(SMP)are examined by three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix(3DEEM)fluorescence spectra.3DEEM spectra demonstrate that the main organic substances of the SMP in two reactors are tyrosine aromatic protein,fulvic acid-like substances and soluble microbial products under DO are1 mg/L and 4 mg/L,respectively.The proportion sum of fulvic acid-like substances and soluble microbial products is the key factor affecting membrane fouling,and membrane fouling accelerates as the ratio increases.
基金This work was sup-ported in part by grants from the following sources:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82203233,82202966,82173142,82302987,82303534,and 81972636)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ60469,2023JJ40413,2023JJ30372,2023JJ30375,2022JJ80078,and 2020JJ5336)+8 种基金the Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province(202203034978,202109031837,and 20201020)Key Research and Devel-opment Program of Hunan Province(2022SK2051)Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2020TP1018)the Changsha Science and Technology Board(kh2201054)the Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(kq2014209)Ascend Foundation of National Cancer Center(NCC201909B06)Hunan Cancer Hospital Climb Plan(ZX2020001-3 and YF2020002)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC3199,2023SK4034 and 2023RC1073)by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022TQ0104 and 2022M721118).
文摘Cellular metabolism is the fundamental process by which cells maintain growth and self-renewal.It produces energy,furnishes raw materials,and intermedi-ates for biomolecule synthesis,and modulates enzyme activity to sustain normal cellular functions.Cellular metabolism is the foundation of cellular life processes and plays a regulatory role in various biological functions,including pro-grammed cell death.Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of iron-dependent programmed cell death.The inhibition of ferroptosis plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.However,the role of cellular metabolism,particularly glucose and amino acid metabolism,in cancer ferroptosis is not well understood.Here,we reviewed glucose,lipid,amino acid,iron and sele-nium metabolism involvement in cancer cell ferroptosis to elucidate the impact of different metabolic pathways on this process.Additionally,we provided a detailed overview of agents used to induce cancer ferroptosis.We explained that the metabolism of tumor cells plays a crucial role in maintaining intracellu-lar redox homeostasis and that disrupting the normal metabolic processes in these cells renders them more susceptible to iron-induced cell death,resulting in enhanced tumor cell killing.The combination of ferroptosis inducers and cel-lular metabolism inhibitors may be a novel approach to future cancer therapy and an important strategy to advance the development of treatments.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.21971212)the Key Project of Innovation Research 2035 Pilot Plan of Southwest University,China(SWU-XDZD22007)+1 种基金the Research Fund for International Young Scientists from International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Program of NSFC(21850410447)the Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(XDJK2020C031).
文摘Alkaloids are one of the prominent members in the development of new antimicrobial agents.This work discovered a class of alkaloid quinazolone-derived imidazolenones as novel structural type of antibacterial agents with large potential to treat severe bacterial infections in the agricultural and food field.Preliminary bioactive assay displayed that some of the prepared compounds exhibited good inhibition against the tested strains,and cyclohexylimidazole-derived 7-fluoroquinazolone 22a(MIC=0.002 mmol/L)exhibited a 12.5-fold stronger inhibition than norfloxacin against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.Further studies revealed that compound 22a not only possessed the ability of rapid bactericidal property and low propensity to develop resistance but also showed low cytotoxic effects toward red blood cells.The preliminary mechanism exploration indicated that compound 22a could cause membrane damage by disrupting bacterial membrane as well as depolarizing the cell membrane.Moreover,compound 22a could insert into DNA,which might hinder the replication of DNA.Molecular docking suggested that compound 22a could bind to gyrase and topoisomerase,which might be due to the suppressed expression of related genes.Meanwhile,compound 22a could disorder the metabolism and stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species to affect bacterial growth.The series of investigations suggested the promise of alkaloid quinazolone-derived imidazolenones as novel multitargeting antibacterial candidates for treatment of bacterial infections.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81802785[Y.J.])Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2020JJ5382[Y.J.],2020JJ5381[L.C.]).
文摘Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and participate in intercellular communication.The components of exosomes,including proteins,DNA,mRNA,microRNA,long noncoding RNA,circular RNA,etc.,which play a crucial role in regulating tumor growth,metastasis,and angiogenesis in the process of cancer development,and can be used as a prognostic marker and/or grading basis for tumor patients.Hereby,we mainly summarized as followed:the role of exosome contents in cancer,focusing on proteins and noncoding RNA;the interaction between exosomes and tumor microenvironment;the mechanisms that epithelial-mesenchymal transition,invasion and migration of tumor affected by exosomes;and tumor suppression strategies based on exosomes.Finally,the application potential of exosomes in clinical tumor diagnosis and therapy is prospected,which providing theoretical supports for using exosomes to serve precise tumor treatment in the clinic.
基金Supported by Grants Nos.81200034,81470244 and 81622001 from the National Natural and Science Foundation of China.
文摘Background:Surgery and radiotherapy are considered local therapies for small cell lung cancer(SCLC).The present study aimed to select candidates for surgery as local therapy among patients with stage I or II SCLC,based on the eighth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer.Methods:Patients diagnosed with SCLC between 2004 and 2013 were selected from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,And End Results database.The TNM stage of SCLC in these patients was re-classified according to the eighth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer.Patients with stage I or II SCLC were included in the present study.Overall survival(OS)and lung cancer-specific survival(LCSS)were separately compared in the different TNM stages between patients who received surgery and radiotherapy as local therapy.Multivariate analysis was applied to evaluate multi-ple factors associated with survival.Results:Among the 2129 patients included in the present study,387(18.2%)received surgery,1032(48.5%)under-went radiotherapy as local therapy,154(7.2%)underwent surgery and radiotherapy,and 556(26.1%)did not undergo either surgery or radiotherapy.Among patients with T1-2N0(tumor size≤50 mm without positive lymph nodes)dis-ease,patients who underwent surgery had higher 5-year OS and LCSS rates than patients who received radiotherapy(T1N0:46.0%vs.23.8%,P<0.001,and 58.4%vs.36.4%,P<0.001,respectively;T2N0:42.6%vs.24.7%,P=0.004,and 48.8%vs.31.3%,P=0.011,respectively).Multivariate analysis results revealed that surgery was associated with low risk of death.However,among T3N0 or T1-2N1(stage IIB)SCLC patients,patients who underwent surgery did not have higher 5-year OS and LCSS rates than patients who received radiotherapy(T3N0:16.2%vs.26.5%,P=0.085,and 28.7%vs.30.9%,P=0.372,respectively;T1-2N1:20.3%vs.29.0%,P=0.146,and 25.6%vs.35.5%,P=0.064,respectively).Conclusions:Based on the assumption that the overwhelming majority of stage I or II SCLC patients who underwent surgery or radiotherapy also received certain types of systemic therapy,only patients with T1-2N0 SCLC may benefit from surgery as local therapy.Patients with T3N0 or T1-2N1 SCLC may consider radiotherapy as local therapy.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB1002900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21571101,51322202,51832001)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province in China(No.BK20161543)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.15KJB430016).
文摘Recently,transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)nanoscrolls have exhibited unique electronic and optical properties due to their spiral tubular structures,which are formed by rolling up monolayer TMDCs nanosheets.Inspired by the excellent physical and chemical properties of TMDCs van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs),it is highly desirable to scroll TMDCs vdWHs for potential optoelectronic applications.In this work,WS2/MoS2 vdWHs nanoscrolls were massively prepared by dropping aqueous alkaline droplet on chemical vapor deposition(CVD)-grown bilayer WS2/MoS2 vdWHs,which were formed by growing monolayer WS2 islands on top of monolayer MoS2 nanosheets simultaneously.The optical microscopy(OM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),ultralow frequency(ULF)Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)were utilized to characterize the WS2/MoS2 vdWHs nanoscrolls.As-obtained WS2/MoS2 vdWHs nanoscrolls exhibited new ULF breathing mode as well as shear mode peaks due to the strong interlayer interaction.Notably,the photosensitivities of WS2/MoS2 vdWHs nanoscrolls-based devices were about ten times higher than those of WS2/MoS2 vdWHs-based devices under blue,green and red lasers,respectively,which could be attributed to the ultrafast charge transfer at alternative WS2/MoS2 and MoS2/WS2 multi-interfaces in scrolled structure.Our work suggested that TMDCs vdWHs scrolls could be promising candidates for optoelectronic applications.
基金financially supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program of China(No.2018YFE0306100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974375)+4 种基金the Technology Research Program of Ningbo,China(No.2019B10088)the Key Technologies R&D Program of Yunnan Province(No.202102AB080019-1)the Young People Fund of Jiang Xi Province(No.2018BAB216005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(No.2020zzts071)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(No.CX20200100)。
文摘Cu-0.57Cr-0.01Ca and Cu-0.58Cr-0.01Sr(wt.%)alloys were fabricated and processed by thermo-mechanical treatment.Their mechanical and electrical properties and microstructure were investigated in detail and compared with those of a Cu-0.57Cr(wt.%)alloy.The results showed that the softening resistance of the Cu-Cr alloy was significantly improved by the additions of Ca and Sr elements.Compared with the Cu-Cr alloy,the deformation microstructure of the Cu-Cr-Ca and Cu-Cr-Sr alloys was more difficult to recrystallize at elevated temperatures,and the Cr precipitates in the Cu-Cr-Ca and Cu-Cr-Sr alloys were smaller in size and had an FCC structure at any given aging state.The high strengths of the Cu-Cr-Ca and Cu-Cr-Sr alloys were mainly attributed to the dislocation strengthening provided by high-density dislocations and the precipitate strengthening provided by fine Cr precipitates.First-principles calculation showed that the segregations of Ca and Sr atoms at interface between Cr precipitates and copper matrix were favorable in energetics.This segregation effectively hindered the growth of Cr precipitates and significantly enhanced the pinning effect on the motion of dislocations and subgrain boundaries,eventually leading to the improvement in the softening resistance of the Cu-Cr alloy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31672513 and 31772695)the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.YQ2021C027)+1 种基金the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.ZD2019C004)the Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University for San Heng San Zong(No.ZRCQC202003),China。
文摘The negative effects of low temperature can readily induce a variety of diseases.We sought to understand the reasons why cold stress induces disease by studying the mechanisms of fine-tuning in macrophages following cold exposure.We found that cold stress triggers increased macrophage activation accompanied by metabolic reprogramming of aerobic glycolysis.The discovery,by genome-wide RNA sequencing,of defective mitochondria in mice macrophages following cold exposure indicated that mitochondrial defects may contribute to this process.In addition,changes in metabolism drive the differentiation of macrophages by affecting histone modifications.Finally,we showed that histone acetylation and lactylation are modulators of macrophage differentiation following cold exposure.Collectively,metabolism-related epigenetic modifications are essential for the differentiation of macrophages in cold-stressed mice,and the regulation of metabolism may be crucial for alleviating the harm induced by cold stress.
文摘Background: Liver transplantation has become the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage acute or chronic hepatic disease. Bile duct complications are common events after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood supply of the human bile duct and identify the underlying mechanisms of bile duct complications after liver transplantation. Methods: The duct supply branches from gastroduodenal artery and blood supply of extrahepatic bile duct system were re-evaluated through selective hepatic angiography from 600 patients. In addition, 33 cadavers were injected with latex casting material into the common hepatic artery, then the extrahepatic bile duct and the branches from the common hepatic artery were carefully dissected to visualize the gastroduodenal artery and its branching to the extrahepatic bile duct. Results: The bile duct artery arose from the branch of the gastroduodenal artery in 8.1% (49/600). Of these 49 individuals, the bile duct artery was supplied by the gastroduodenal artery (61.22%, 30/49), the proper hepatic artery (14.29%, 7/49), or both the gastroduodenal artery and the proper hepatic artery (24.49%, 12/49). In our study of 33 cadavers, the percentage that the bile duct artery arose from the gastroduodenal artery was 27.27%. The blood supply to the bile extrahepatic bile ducts was divided into different segments and formed longitudinal and arterial network anastomosed on the walls of the duct. Conclusions: There is a close relationship between the duct supply branches from gastroduodenal artery and the blood supplying patterns of the extrahepatic bile duct system. In liver transplant surgery, the initial part of the gastroduodenal artery is preferred to be preserved in the donor liver. It is of great significance to improve the success rate of operation and reduce complications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.51832001,21571101 and 51322202)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province in China(No.BK20161543)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.15KJB430016).
文摘The properties of two-dimensional(2D)materials are highly dependent on their phase and thickness.Various phases exist in tin disulfide(SnS_(2)),resulting in promising electronic and optical properties.Hence,accurately identifying the phase and thickness of SnS_(2)nanosheets is prior to their optoelectronic applications.Herein,layered 2H-SnS_(2)and 4H-SnS_(2)crystals were grown by chemical vapor transportation and the crystalline phase of SnS_(2)was characterized by X-ray diffraction,ultralow frequency(ULF)Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscope.As-grown crystals were mechanically exfoliated to single-and few-layer nanosheets,which were investigated by optical microscopy,atomic force microscopy and ULF Raman spectroscopy.Although the 2H-SnS_(2)and 4H-SnS_(2)nanosheets have similar optical contrast on SiO_(2)/Si substrates,their ULF Raman spectra obviously show different shear and breathing modes,which are highly dependent on their phases and thicknesses.Interestingly,the SnS_(2)nanosheets have shown phase-dependent electrical properties.The 4H-SnS_(2)nanosheet shows a current on/off ratio of 2.58×10^(5) and excellent photosensitivity,which are much higher than those of the 2H-SnS_(2)nanosheet.Our work not only offers an accurate method for identifying single-and few-layer SnS_(2)nanosheets with different phases,but also paves the way for the application of SnS_(2)nanosheets in highperformance optoelectronic devices.