Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals and fuels

In the search of alternative resources to make commodity chemicals and transportation fuels for a low carbon future,lignocellulosic biomass with over 180-billion-ton annual production rate has been identified as a promising feedstock.This review focuses on the state-of-the-art catalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels.Following a brief introduction on the structure,major resources and pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic biomass,the catalytic conversion of three main components,i.e.,cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,into various compounds are comprehensively discussed.Either in separate steps or in one-pot,cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolyzed into sugars and upgraded into oxygen-containing chemicals such as 5-HMF,furfural,polyols,and organic acids,or even nitrogen-containing chemicals such as amino acids.On the other hand,lignin is first depolymerized into phenols,catechols,guaiacols,aldehydes and ketones,and then further transformed into hydrocarbon fuels,bioplastic precursors and bioactive compounds.The review then introduces the transformations of whole biomass via catalytic gasification,catalytic pyrolysis,as well as emerging strategies.Finally,opportunities,challenges and prospective of woody biomass valorization are highlighted.

Construction of N,O co-doped carbon anchored with Co nanoparticles as efficient catalyst for furfural hydrodeoxygenation in ethanol

Hydrodeoxygenation of furfural(FF)into 2-methylfuran(MF)is a significant biomass utilization route.However,designing efficient and stable non-noble metal catalyst is still a huge challenge.Herein,we reported the N,O co-doped carbon anchored with Co nanoparticles(Co-SFB)synthesized by employing the organic ligands with the target heteroatoms.Raman,electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterizations showed that the co-doping of N and O heteroatoms in the carbon support endows Co-SFB with enriched lone pair electrons,fast electron transfer ability,and strong metal-support interaction.These electronic properties resulted in strong FF adsorption as well as lower apparent reaction activation energy.At last,the obtained N,O co-doped Co/C catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity(nearly 100 mol%FF conversion and 94.6 mol%MF yield)and stability for in-situ dehydrogenation of FF into MF.This N,O co-doping strategy for the synthesis of highly efficient catalytic materials with controllable electronic state will provide an excellent opportunity to better understand the structure-function relationship.

高职院校学生心理亚健康问题流行现状及影响因素分析

了解高职院校大学生心理亚健康问题的流行现状及影响因素,可以为制定指导大学生心理亚健康的干预策略提供理论支持。采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对江苏省3个行政区域内5所高职院校的1882名学生进行在线问卷调查,研究结果发现,江苏省高职院校大学生心理亚健康的得分为53.42±26.93分,心理亚健康检出率为16.6%,心理亚健康三个维度:情绪亚健康、品行亚健康、社会适应亚健康的检出率分别为15.0%、16.4%、12.4%。多因素回归分析发现性别、体育人口、家庭关系与大学生心理亚健康呈正相关,即江苏省高职院校大学生群体中女生、非体育人口、家庭关系不和谐出现心理亚健康问题的概率更高;而主要监护人的文化程度、父母婚姻状况、是否长时间上网则与大学生心理亚健康呈负相关,即监护人的受教育程度越高(高中及以上)、父母未离异、每天上网时间少的大学生出现心理亚健康问题的概率更低。在不同个体特征、家庭背景、生活习惯的大学生群体中均检出较高的心理亚健康率,学校、家庭、社会应协同配合,为高职院校学生的身心健康成长提供和谐环境,为大学生的健康成才一路保驾护航。

Co-pyrolysis of soybean soapstock with iron slag/aluminum scrap,and characterization and analysis of their products

Soybean soapstock(SS) is one of the main solid wastes produced in the refinery of edible oil processing. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of SS with iron slag(IS) and aluminum scrap(AS) was carried out in a tubular furnace. The gas, liquid and solid products were characterized and the char yield decreased with increasing IS/AS ratio. IS and AS can improve the gas yield, and when the ratio of SS/IS was 1:0.25, the total pyrolysis gas and hydrogen contents were significantly increased. The content of oxygen compounds in pyrolysis oil decreased during co-pyrolysis, while AS promoted the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pyrolysis oil. The co-pyrolysis reaction can be divided into four stages, the mass loss rate reaches the maximum at the third stage(390–575 ℃). The molar ratio of H/C was lower for pyrolysis,indicating good stability of pyrolysis char owing to the high degree of carbonization and aromaticity.The possible co-pyrolysis reaction mechanism was explored.

Gut microbiota-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study and molecular mechanism of specnuezhenide in the treatment of colorectal cancer targeting carboxylesterase

Specnuezhenide(SNZ)is among the main components of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi,which has antiinflammation,anti-oxidation,and anti-tumor effect.The low bioavailability makes it difficult to explain the mechanism of pharmacological effect of SNZ.In this study,the role of the gut microbiota in the metabolism and pharmacokinetics characteristics of SNZ as well as the pharmacological meaning were explored.SNZ can be rapidly metabolized by the gut microbiome,and two intestinal bacterial metabolites of SNZ,salidroside and tyrosol,were discovered.In addition,carboxylesterase may be the main intestinal bacterial enzyme that mediates its metabolism.At the same time,no metabolism was found in the incubation system of SNZ with liver microsomes or liver homogenate,indicating that the gut microbiota is the main part involved in the metabolism of SNZ.In addition,pharmacokinetic studies showed that salidroside and tyrosol can be detected in plasma in the presence of gut microbiota.Interestingly,tumor development was inhibited in a colorectal tumor mice model administered orally with SNZ,which indicated that SNZ exhibited potential to inhibit tumor growth,and tissue distribution studies showed that salidroside and tyrosol could be distributed in tumor tissues.At the same time,SNZ modulated the structure of gut microbiota and fungal group,which may be the mechanism governing the antitumoral activity of SNZ.Furthermore,SNZ stimulates the secretion of short-chain fatty acids by intestinal flora in vitro and in vivo.In the future,targeting gut microbes and the interaction between natural products and gut microbes could lead to the discovery and development of new drugs.

Fate of organophosphate esters from the Northwestern Pacific to the Southern Ocean:Occurrence,distribution,and fugacity model simulation

Eleven organophosphate esters(OPEs)in the air and seawater were investigated from the northwestern Pacific Ocean to the Southern Ocean during the 2018 Chinese 34th Antarctic Scientific Expedition.The concentration of total OPEs ranged from 164.82 to 3501.79 pg/m~3in air and from 4.54 to 70.09 ng/L in seawater.Two halogenated OPEs,tri(chloropropyl)phosphate(TCPP)and tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP),were generally more abundant than the non-halogenated OPEs.A levelⅢfugacity model was developed to simulate the transfer and fate of seven OPEs in the air and seawater regions of the central Ross Sea.The model results indicate that OPEs are transferred from the air to the seawater in the central Ross Sea in summer,during which the Ross Sea acts as a final OPE sink.Dry and wet deposition dominated the processes involving OPE transfer to seawater.The OPE degradation process was also found to be more pervasive in the atmosphere than in the seawater region.These findings highlights the importance of long-range transport of OPEs and their air–seawater interface behavior in the Antarctic.

糖尿病肾病患者贫血的相关因素分析

目的探讨糖尿病肾病(DN)贫血的相关因素。方法选取201例在该院经病理确诊为DN的患者,分为贫血组和非贫血组。采用回归性分析贫血与临床表现、实验室指标,以及DN病理分型和肾小管损伤评分的关系;二分类Logistic回归分析不同性别DN患者贫血的影响因素。结果 (1)非贫血组肾小球滤过率估算值(eGFR)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、白蛋白(ALB)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血清铁(SI)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、促红细胞生成素(EPO)高于贫血组(P <0.05),超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(UACR)、糖尿病病程(DD)低于贫血组(P<0.05)。(2)男性患者中,非贫血组DD、Scr、BUN、UACR、hs-CRP低于贫血组(P <0.05),HbA1c、ALB、TG、eGFR、SI、TRF、总铁结合率高于贫血组(P <0.05);女性患者中,非贫血组UACR、hs-CRP低于贫血组(P <0.05),eGFR、ALB、HbA1c高于贫血组(P <0.05)。(3) Logistic回归分析发现,男性患者eGFR、ALB、DD、hs-CRP与贫血相关(P <0.05);女性患者ALB、hs-CRP与贫血相关(P <0.05)。(4)Ⅱa型患者的Hb水平高于其余病理分型患者(P <0.05)。(5)非贫血组肾小管损伤评分低于贫血组(P<0.05)。结论 DN患者贫血的相关因素包括DD、肾功能恶化、铁代谢紊乱、微炎症状态等,肾小管及间质损伤可能是肾功能异常导致贫血的重要原因。

碳膜包覆的氧化铁纳米颗粒:一种高效的芳硝基化合物加氢催化剂（英文）

铁是地球上最丰富的元素之一,它在生命反应中起到至关重要的作用.目前,铁基催化剂广泛应用于合成氨、费托合成、NO_x的选择性催化还原等.最近,铁因其含量丰富、价格低廉、无毒等优势而在多相催化方面引起了重点关注.最新研究发现,铁基催化剂在甲烷直接偶联制乙烯、氧还原以及芳硝基化合物的选择性加氢等领域具有突出表现,其中芳硝基化合物选择性加氢是一类具有重要应用前景的反应,这是因为苯胺(AN)是一种重要的精细化学品和有机中间体,广泛用于医药、染料、农药等行业,苯胺的年产量超过了400万吨,目前使用的催化剂主要有Raney Ni、负载镍、Ru/SnO_2及少量铂碳、钯碳催化剂.但是,在Ni基催化剂上,硝基苯加氢主要经过间接缩合途径,同时会伴有氧化偶氮苯(AOB)、偶氮苯(AB)和氢化偶氮苯(HAB)等副产物生成,这些高沸点的副产物会带来一系列问题,如产物分离困难、产品纯度较低以及催化剂失活等.在这种情况下,为了加速苯胺生成,工业上一般采用过量的Raney Ni催化剂.贵金属(如Pt,Pd和Ru等)对催化芳硝基化合物加氢具有极高的活性,且苯胺的生成主要经过直接加氢途径.然而,由于成本过高,贵金属催化剂的大规模应用还存在一定的困难.本文采用简易的方法制备了一种铁基催化剂,在这个催化剂中氧化铁纳米颗粒被碳膜包覆并嵌入至平板碳中(Fe_2O_3@G-C).该催化剂由活性炭、苯胺及醋酸亚铁热解所得.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)及X射线衍射(XRD)分析,我们证实在原始碳颗粒上形成了新的碳膜.同时高倍透射电镜图也清楚地揭示了氧化铁纳米颗粒被碳膜包覆的结构.实验发现,Fe_2O_3@G-C-900催化剂(900 ~oC热解所得)在芳硝基化合物选择性加氢反应中具有很高的活性.在2 MPa H_2,70 ~oC条件下反应2 h,硝基苯(NB)转化率达到95.4%,苯胺选择性达到99.1%,远远高于其他载体(活性炭、Si O_2、Al_2O_3和MgO)负载的铁基催化剂.表征结果发现,Fe_2O_3@G-C-900催化剂的高活性可能与其具有较大的比表面积(573.7 m^2/g)、孔体积(0.22 cm^3/g,孔径小于2 nm)、高度分散的氧化铁纳米颗粒以及氧化铁纳米颗粒和其表面碳膜的协同作用密切相关.此外,催化剂中引入的氮原子不仅可以在包覆的碳膜上形成缺陷,也能进一步增强包覆在氧化铁纳米颗粒表面的碳膜的催化活性.通过对Fe_2O_3@G-C-900催化剂在硝基苯加氢反应中的循环使用活性的考察,发现该催化剂在循环使用5次后,仍具有良好的活性.更重要的是,在Fe_2O_3@G-C-900催化剂上硝基苯的加氢主要是直接途径,反应中没有高沸点AOB,AB和HAB等副产物生成.鉴于Fe_2O_3@G-C-900催化剂对NB加氢具有优异的活性,我们还进行了一系列含有不同取代基团的芳硝基化合物的加氢实验,发现对位取代的底物相对于间位及邻位的底物更容易发生加氢还原反应,这应归因于该催化剂的孔径较小(0.52nm).这些研究方法可以扩展至其他金属催化剂的制备,以促进高效益和可持续的工业生产的发展.

湿式氧化用于染料废水脱色:过去20年回顾（英文）

Wet air oxidation(WAO), a liquid phase reaction between organic materials in water and oxygen, is one of the most economical and technologically viable advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment, particularly toxic and high organic content wastewater. WAO is the liquid phase oxidation of organics or oxidizable inorganic components at elevated temperatures(125–320 °C) and pressures(0.5–20 MPa) using gaseous oxygen(or air) as oxidant. In the past two decades, the WAO process was widely studied and applied in the treatment of dye wastewater. Compared to conventional WAO, catalytic WAO processes have higher efficiency and use moderate reaction conditions. The catalysts included homogenous and heterogeneous types. The key points that need to be solved are recycling of homogenous catalysts and better stability of heterogeneous catalysts. In the present review, the technological processes are first introduced, then some research history and hotspots of WAO research are presented, and finally, its application in the treatment of dye wastewater in the past two decades is summarized to reveal the impressive changes in modes, trends, and conditions used. The application includes model pollutant studies and wastewater tests.

Overall assessment of antibiotic substitutes for pigs:a set of meta-analyses

Background:Antibiotic growth promoters are widely used to improve weight gain.However,the abuse of antibiotics can have many negative effects on people.Developing alternatives to antibiotics is an urgent need in livestock production.We aimed to perform a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis(NMA)to investigate the effects of feed additives as potential antibiotic substitutes(ASs)on bacteriostasis,growth performance,intestinal morphology and immunity.Furthermore,the primary,secondary,and tertiary ASs were defined by comparing their results with the results of antibiotics.Results:Among 16,309 identified studies,37 were summarized to study the bacteriostasis effects of feed additives,and 89 were included in the meta-analysis and NMA(10,228 pigs).We summarized 268 associations of 57 interventions with 32 bacteria.The order of bacteriostasis effects was as follows:antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)≈antibiotics>organic acids>plant extracts>oligosaccharides.We detected associations of 11 feed additives and 11 outcomes.Compared with a basal diet,plant extract,AMPs,probiotics,microelements,organic acids,bacteriophages,lysozyme,zymin,and oligosaccharides significantly improved growth performance(P<0.05);organic acids,probiotics,microelements,lysozyme,and AMPs remarkably increased the villus height:crypt depth ratio(V/C)(P<0.05);and plant extracts,zymin,microelements,probiotics,and organic acids notably improved immunity(P<0.05).The optimal AMP,bacteriophage,lysozyme,microelements,oligosaccharides,organic acids,plants,plant extracts,probiotics,and zymin doses were 0.100%,0.150%,0.012%,0.010%,0.050%,0.750%,0.20%,0.040%,0.180%,and 0.100%,respectively.Compared with antibiotics,all investigated feed additives exhibited no significant difference in effects on growth performance,IgG,and diarrhoea index/rate(P>0.05);AMPs and microelements significantly increased V/C(P<0.05);and zymin significantly improved lymphocyte levels(P<0.05).Furthermore,linear weighting sum models were used to comprehensively estimate the overall impact of each feed additive on pig growth and health.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that AMPs and plant extracts can be used as primary ASs for weaned piglets and growing pigs,respectively.Bacteriophages,zymin,plants,probiotics,oligosaccharides,lysozyme,and microelements can be regarded as secondary ASs.Nucleotides and organic acids can be considered as tertiary ASs.Future studies should further assess the alternative effects of combinational feed additives.

Autoimmune liver disease-related autoantibodies in patients with biliary atresia

AIM To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of autoimmune liver disease(ALD)-related autoantibodies in patients with biliary atresia(BA).METHODS Sera of 124 BA patients and 140 age-matched non-BA controls were assayed for detection of the following autoantibodies: ALD profile and specific anti-nuclear antibodies(ANAs), by line-blot assay; ANA and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA), by indirect immunofluorescence assay; specific ANCAs and antiM2-3 E, by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Associations of these autoantibodies with the clinical features of BA(i.e., cytomegalovirus infection, degree of liver fibrosis, and short-term prognosis of Kasai procedure) were evaluated by Spearman's correlation coefficient.RESULTS The overall positive rate of serum autoantibodies in preoperative BA patients was 56.5%. ALD profile assay showed that the positive reaction to primary biliary cholangitis-related autoantibodies in BA patients was higher than that to autoimmune hepatitis-related autoantibodies. Among these autoantibodies, anti-BPO was detected more frequently in the BA patients than in the controls(14.8% vs 2.2%, P < 0.05). Accordingly, 32(25.8%) of the 124 BA patients also showed a high positive reaction for anti-M2-3 E. By comparison, the controls had a remarkably lower frequency of anti-M2-3 E(P < 0.05), with 6/92(8.6%) of patients with other liver diseases and 2/48(4.2%) of healthy controls. The prevalence of ANA in BA patients was 11.3%, which was higher than that in disease controls(3.3%, P < 0.05), but the reactivity to specific ANAs was only 8.2%. The prevalence of ANCAs(ANCA or specific ANCAs) in BA patients was also remarkably higher than that in the healthy controls(37.9% vs 6.3%, P < 0.05), but showed no difference from that in patients with other cholestasis. ANCA positivity was closely associated with the occurrence of postoperative cholangitis(r = 0.61, P < 0.05), whereas none of the autoantibodies showed a correlation to cytomegalovirus infection or the stages of liver fibrosis.CONCLUSION High prevalence of autoantibodies in the BA developmental process strongly reveals the autoimmunemediated pathogenesis. Serological ANCA positivity may be a useful predictive biomarker of postoperative cholangitis.

Treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 by zero-valent iron/activated carbon combined with microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite

A comparative study of treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 using zero-valent iron/activated carbon （ZVI/AC）, microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite （MDEL/NaCIO） and the combination of ZVI/AC- MDEL/NaCIO was conducted. The preliminary results showed the two steps method of ZVI/AC-MDEL/NaCIO had much higher degradation efficiency than both single steps. The final color removal percentage was nearly up to 100% and the chemical oxygen demand reduction percentage was up to approximately 82%. The effects of operational parameters, including initial pH value of simulated wastewater, ZVI/AC ratio and particle size of ZVI were also investigated. In addition, from the discussion of synergistic effect between ZVI/AC and MEDL/NaCIO, we found that in the ZVI/AC-MEDL/NaCIO process, ZVI/AC could break the azo bond firstly and then MEDLfNaCIO degraded the aromatic amine products effectively. Reversing the order would reduce the degradation efficiency.

Comparison of microstructures and mechanical properties of composite extruded AZ31 sheets

The microstructures and mechanical properties of the composite extruded AZ31/AZ31 and AZ31/4047 Al sheets were investigated and made a comparison to the conventional extruded AZ31 sheet.Owing to the introduced intense shear deformation at the interface during the composite extrusion,grain refinement and tilted texture were detected in AZ31 layers of the AZ31/AZ31 and AZ31/4047 Al sheets,while the conventional extruded AZ31 sheet exhibited a relative coarse,inhomogeneous microstructure and strong basal texture.The compressiontension yield ratio was increased gradually from the AZ31 to the AZ31/AZ31 and AZ31/4047 Al sheets.Besides,the AZ31/4047 Al sheet could successfully accomplish the whole bending forming process at room temperature,while the AZ31 and AZ31/AZ31 sheets were both bend-formed to failure with significant cracks in the outer tensile region under the identical bending parameters.Moreover,under the same bending strain,both the outward offset degree of strain neutral layer and the sheet thickening were more serious in the AZ31/4047 Al composite sheet than those of the AZ31 and AZ31/AZ31 sheets.The foremost reason was the quite wide gap of material properties between Mg alloy AZ31 layer(tensile loading in the outer region)and Al 4047 layer(compressive loading in the inner region).

2005-2016年间上海市美沙酮维持治疗门诊状况调查（英文）

背景:美沙酮维持治疗(Methadone Maintenance Treatment,MMT)是控制海洛因成瘾者滥用毒品、预防艾滋病,以及改善其家庭和社会功能的有效措施,而近些年相关调查显示,我国美沙酮维持门诊治疗人数呈现下降趋势。目的 :了解自开诊以来,上海市美沙酮维持治疗门诊患者治疗维持率的变化趋势及脱失原因。方法 :研究为回顾性调查,数据来自中国疾病预防控制中心艾滋病综合防治数据信息管理系统,采用描述性统计方法对2005.5-2016.6全市接受MMT患者的人口学资料、治疗维持率和新增人数进行描述,并就脱失原因进行分析。结果:2005.5-2016.6期间,上海市接受MMT的患者共计7181人,患者以男性(男女比例约为3:1)、青壮年(25-54岁占90%以上)为主,初中及以下文化水平居多(65.4%)、单身(未婚、离异或丧偶占63.1%)居多,多为无业或待业(81.5%)。MMT患者日均服用美沙酮的剂量从2008年起呈上升趋势,于2013年达到最高峰后逐渐下降,历年平均服用美沙酮的剂量为56(2.75)ml/d。新增治疗人数在2007和2008年急剧增加(均超过1500人),继而逐年降低。治疗人数在2005-2011年间不断增加,于2011年达到峰值(3840人)后逐渐下降。治疗维持率自2010年起稳定在80%以上。患者退出治疗的主要原因包括:(1)因与毒品无关的刑事案件被逮捕(19.89%),(2)因偶吸被强制隔离戒毒(16.06%),(3)身体原因(疾病/怀孕/死亡,11.80%)。结论 :上海市MMT门诊开展以来维持率较好,在治患者人数呈现先增长后下降的变化趋势,患者脱失原因主要与"犯罪"和"复吸"有关。后续研究需开展相关调查,从不同层面深入了解造成上述变化和患者脱失的原因,促使MMT门诊更好开展。

Transformation of berberine to its demethylated metabolites by the CYP51 enzyme in the gut microbiota

Berberine(BBR)is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Coptis chinensis that improves diabetes,hyperlipidemia and inflammation.Due to the low oral bioavailability of BBR,its mechanism of action is closely related to the gut microbiota.This study focused on the CYP51 enzyme of intestinal bacteria to elucidate a new mechanism of BBR transformation by demethylation in the gut microbiota through multiple analytical techniques.First,the docking of BBR and CYP51 was performed;then,the pharmacokinetics of BBR was determined in ICR mice in vivo,and the metabolism of BBR in the liver,kidney,gut microbiota and single bacterial strains was examined in vitro.Moreover,16S rRNA analysis of ICR mouse feces indicated the relationship between BBR and the gut microbiota.Finally,recombinant E.coli containing cyp51 gene was constructed and the CYP51 enzyme lysate was induced to express.The metabolic characteristics of BBR were analyzed in the CYP51 enzyme lysate system.The results showed that CYP51 in the gut microbiota could bind stably with BBR,and the addition of voriconazole(a specific inhibitor of CYP51)slowed down the metabolism of BBR,which prevented the production of the demethylated metabolites thalifendine and berberrubine.This study demonstrated that CYP51 promoted the demethylation of BBR and enhanced its intestinal absorption,providing a new method for studying the metabolic transformation mechanism of isoquinoline alkaloids in vivo.

Multi-Omics Analysis Provides Insight into the Possible Molecular Mechanism of Hay Fever Based on Gut Microbiota

Due to the worldwide epidemic of allergic disease and a cure nowhere in sight,there is a crucial need to explore its pathophysiological mechanisms.As allergic disease has been associated with gut dysbiosis,we searched for a possible mechanism from the perspective of the molecular interface between host and microbiota with concurrent metabolomics and microbiome composition analysis.Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with Artemisia pollen extract to stimulate a hyper reaction to pollen.This hyper reaction decreased the circulation of valine,isoleucine,aspartate,glutamate,glutamine,indole-propionate(IPA),and myo-inositol,and reduced short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in feces.Several beneficial genera belonging to Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,and Clostridiales declined in the model group,whereas Helicobacter and Akkermansia were only expressed in the model group.Furthermore,the expression of intestinal claudin-3 and liver fatty acid binding protein was downregulated in the model group and associated with metabolic changes and bacteria.Our results suggest that alterations in amino acids as well as their derivatives(especially valine,and IPA which is the reductive product of tryptophan),SCFAs,and the gut microbiome(specifically Akkermansia and Helicobacter)may disrupt the intestinal barrier function by inhibiting the expression of claudin proteins and affecting the mucus layer,which further results in hay fever.

Conductive and corrosion behaviors of silver-doped carbon-coated stainless steel as PEMFC bipolar plates

Ni–Cr enrichment on stainless steel SS316 L resulting from chemical activation enabled the deposition of carbon by spraying a stable suspension of carbon nanoparticles; trace Ag was deposited in situ to prepare a thin continuous Ag-doped carbon film on a porous carbon-coated SS316 L substrate. The corrosion resistance of this film in 0.5 mol·L^（-1） H_2SO_4 solution containing 5 ppm F- at 80°C was investigated using polarization tests. The results showed that the surface treatment of the SS316 L strongly affected the adhesion of the carbon coating to the stainless steel. Compared to the bare SS316 L, the Ag-doped carbon-coated SS316 L bipolar plate was remarkably more stable in both the anode and cathode environments of proton exchange membrane fuel cell（PEMFC） and the interface contact resistance between the specimen and Toray 060 carbon paper was reduced from 333.0 m？·cm^2 to 21.6 m？·cm^2 at a compaction pressure of 1.2 MPa.

Study on Oxygen Content, Inclusions and Fatigue Properties of Bearing Steels Produced by Different Processes

The metallurgical properties and fatigue life of bearing steel processed by electric furnace (EAF), ladle refining (LF-VD), continous casting (CC) and electroslag remelting (ESR) have been investigated. The main results obtained are as follows: (1) Due to low oxygen content and dispersion inclusions in steel, the fatigue Life of LF-VD-IC or CC is three times as high as that of EAF steel; (2) The oxygen content in steel produced by CC process is about 9.0x10(-6), the carbon segregation (C/C(0)) is from 0.92 to 1.10 and the fatigue life of CC steel is equal to that of ladle refining ingot casting steel; (3) Although the amount of inclusion and oxygen in ESR steel is higher than that of LF-VD-IC or CC steel, the fatigue life of ESR steel is higher than that of the latter because of its fine and well dispersed inclusions.

Preparation and electrochemical performance of double perovskite La_2CoMnO_6 nanofibers

Through electrospinning,La_2Co Mn O_6 nanofibers were prepared from a polyvinylpyrrolidone/lanthanum nitrate–cobalt acetate–manganese acetate(PVP/LCM)precursor and were used as electrode materials.The morphologies and structures of the samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)specific surface area analysis.The results show that the prepared La_2Co Mn O_6 nanofibers are stable,one-dimensional structures formed from interconnected La_2Co Mn O_(6 )nanoparticles with a diamond-like crystal structure.The specific surface area of the fibers is 79.407 m^2·g^(-1).Electrochemical performance tests with a three-electrode system reveal the specific capacitance of the La_2Co Mn O_6 nanofibers as 109.7 F·g^(-1) at a current density of 0.5 A·g^(-1).After 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1),the specific capacitance maintains 90.9%of its initial value,demonstrating a promising performance of the constraint capacitance and good cyclic stability.

Arthroscopic Debridement and Synovium Resection for Inflammatory Hip Arthritis

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic surgery in inflammatory hip arthritis.Methods A retrospective clinical study was conducted inspecting 40 hips in 36 patients of inflammatory arthritis.There were 17 cases of ankylosing spondylitis,11 cases of rheumatoid arthritis,and 8 cases of psoriatic arthritis.The joints were irrigated and the inflamed tissues were debrided with anthroscopy.The patients were followed up with Harris hip score,Oxford hip score,Visual Analog Scale(VAS),and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Statistical analysis was performed using Student t test.Results All of the 36 cases were followed up for 46-103 months,averaging 67.2±8.4 months.Harris and Oxford scores increased from 66.9±12.1 and 69.4±16.4 before operation to 78.4±19.3 and 80.2±18.8 after operation,respectively(P<0.05).VAS score decreased from pre-operative 8.5±2.5 to post-operative 7.2±2.5(P<0.05).All the patients showed improved joint range of motion.MRI revealed alleviation of hip synovitis.The results were classified as excellent in 8 patients,good in 17 patients,fair in 8 patient,and poor in 3 according to Harris hip score.Twenty-seven patients were satisfied with the operative outcomes as they regained normal daily activities.Conclusions Arthroscopy-assisted joint debridement and synovium resection is an effective procedure for hip lesion in inflammatory arthritis.The inflammatory lesion might be thereby controlled and the symptoms be relieved.