Succinylation modification:a potential therapeutic target in stroke

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide.Ischemic cell death triggered by the compromised supply of blood oxygen and glucose is one of the major pathophysiology of strokeinduced brain injury.Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism is observed minutes after stroke and is closely associated with the progression of neuropathology.Recently,a new type of posttranslational modification,known as lysine succinylation,has been recognized to play a significant role in mitochondrial energy metabolism after ischemia.However,the role of succinylation modification in cell metabolism after stroke and its regulation are not well understood.We aimed to review the effects of succinylation on energy metabolism,reactive oxygen species generation,and neuroinflammation,as well as Sirtuin 5 mediated desuccinylation after stroke.We also highlight the potential of targeting succinylation/desuccinylation as a promising strategy for the treatment of stroke.The succinylation level is dynamically regulated by the nonenzymatic or enzymatic transfer of a succinyl group to a protein on lysine residues and the removal of succinyl catalyzed by desuccinylases.Mounting evidence has suggested that succinylation can regulate the metabolic pathway through modulating the activity or stability of metabolic enzymes.Sirtuins,especially Sirtuin 5,are characterized for their desuccinylation activity and have been recognized as a critical regulator of metabolism through desuccinylating numerous metabolic enzymes.Imbalance between succinylation and desuccinylation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of stroke.Pharmacological agents that enhance the activity of Sirtuin 5 have been employed to promote desuccinylation and improve mitochondrial metabolism,and neuroprotective effects of these agents have been observed in experimental stroke studies.However,their therapeutic efficacy in stroke patients should be validated.

A Review of In‑Situ Techniques for Probing Active Sites and Mechanisms of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reactions

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is one of the most important reactions in electrochemical energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal–O2/air batteries,etc.However,the essential catalysts to overcome its slow reaction kinetic always undergo a complex dynamic evolution in the actual catalytic process,and the concomitant intermediates and catalytic products also occur continuous conversion and reconstruction.This makes them difficult to be accurately captured,making the identification of ORR active sites and the elucidation of ORR mechanisms difficult.Thus,it is necessary to use extensive in-situ characterization techniques to proceed the real-time monitoring of the catalyst structure and the evolution state of intermediates and products during ORR.This work reviews the major advances in the use of various in-situ techniques to characterize the catalytic processes of various catalysts.Specifically,the catalyst structure evolutions revealed directly by in-situ techniques are systematically summarized,such as phase,valence,electronic transfer,coordination,and spin states varies.In-situ revelation of intermediate adsorption/desorption behavior,and the real-time monitoring of the product nucleation,growth,and reconstruction evolution are equally emphasized in the discussion.Other interference factors,as well as in-situ signal assignment with the aid of theoretical calculations,are also covered.Finally,some major challenges and prospects of in-situ techniques for future catalysts research in the ORR process are proposed.

磁共振弥散张量成像技术在骨肌系统良恶性病变和浸润评价中的应用

目的分析磁共振弥散张量成像技术(DTI)在良恶性病变及其范围评价中的应用价值。方法选取2014年1月-2016年1月于西南医科大学附属中医院收治的良性和恶性四肢肌骨病变患者,使用不同核磁共振线圈对病变位置的不同轴状位、冠状位及矢状位进行检查,并使用单次回波平面呈现技术对轴向位进行检查。分析病变中心、边缘及周围正常组织间的差异。结果良性病变组病变中心Iso、ADC高于恶性病变组(P<0.05),良性病变组病变边缘Iso、ADC高于恶性病变组(P<0.05),良性病变组病变边缘FA、Vr A低于恶性病变组(P<0.05),良性病变组病变边缘FA值低于恶性病变组(P<0.05);良性病变组病变中心、边缘FA值低于正常组织(P<0.05),病变中心、边缘Iso、ADC值高于正常组织(P<0.05);恶性病变组病变中心、边缘FA、ADC值低于正常组织(P<0.05),病变中心、边缘区Iso值高于正常组织(P<0.05);磁共振DTI技术对骨肌系统良恶性病变及其浸润范围进行诊断的AUC值为0.89。结论良恶性病变均可能出现病变组织及正常组织差异,因而使用DTI技术对肌骨系统良恶性病变及其浸润进行评价时具有较高的临床价值。

Scale dependence of plant species richness and vegetation-environment relationship along a gradient of dune stabilization in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China

Ecological patterns and processes in dune ecosystems have been a research focus in recent years, however the information on how dune stabilization influences the spatial scale dependence of plant diversity is still lacking. In this study, we measured the plant species richness, soil properties and altitude across four spatial scales （1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m2） at three different dune stabilization stages （mobile dune, semi-fixed dune and fixed dune） in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China. We also examined the relationships between plant species richness, community composition and environmental factors along the gradient of dune stabilization. Our results showed that plant species richness increased with the increase of spatial scales in each dune stabilization stage, as well as with the increase of dune stabilization degrees. Canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） showed that plant distribu- tions in the processes of dune stabilization were determined by the combined environmental gradient in relation to soil organic carbon （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, carbon/nitrogen （C/N）, pH, electrical conductivity （EC）, soil water content （SWC）, fine sand （FS）, very fine sand （VFS）, silt and clay （SC）, and altitude. Plant species richness was significantly and positively correlated to SOC and TN in mobile dune, and significantly and positively correlated to SOC, TN, C/N, VFS and SC in semi-fixed dune. However, no significant correlation between plant species richness and environmental factors was observed in fixed dune. In addition, plant species richness in different dune stabili- zation stages was also determined by the combined gradient of soil properties and altitude. These results suggest that plant species richness has obvious scale dependence along the gradient of dune stabilization. Soil resources depending on dune habitats and environmental gradients caused by dune stabilization are important factors to de- termine the scale dependence of species diversity in sand dune ecosystems.

Toward sustainable desertification reversion:A case study in Horqin Sandy Land of northern China

Desertification reversion is an interactive process involving climate, land use change, and water processes. In order to reveal the relationship between desertification reversion and these factors, we analyzed historical data on precipitation, air temperature, desertified land changes, underground water tables, and water body changes in Naiman County in the central part of Horqin Sandy Land. Our analysis showed that during 1961-2010 the annual precipitation fluctuated dramatically and has decreased fairly consistently in recent years. The air temperature increased by 0.50-1.25℃, and the minimum temperature increased more obviously. The desertified land area increased from 42,300 km^2 in 1959 to 62,000 km^2 in 1985, and then declined to about 50,000 km^2 in 2010. The underground water tables have been lowered by about 10 m in the past 30 years, and declined more rapidly in recent years. Desertified land is significantly related to the amount of total cropland, and underground water tables are signifcantly correlated with annual precipitation and the amount of irrigated cropland. Therefore, it is necessary to pursue sustainable desertification reversion without compromising the capacity for local development and restoration of degraded land, through application of appropriate management measures for improving water availability in this region.

Methane dry reforming on Ni/La_2Zr_2O_7 treated by plasma in different atmospheres

A series of Ni/La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore catalysts prepared by impregnation method and treated by dielectric barrier discharge（DBD） plasma in different atmospheres and varied sequences were prepared and applied for dry reforming of methane（DRM）. It is found that all of the plasma treated catalysts show evidently improved activity and coke resistance in comparison with the non-plasma treated one. The best performance is achieved on Ni/La2Zr2O7–H2P–C,a catalyst treated in H2 plasma before calcination. TGA-DSC and SEM demonstrate that carbon deposition is significantly suppressed on all of the plasma treated samples. Moreover,XRD and TEM results testify that both Ni O and Ni sizes on the calcined and reduced samples treated by plasma are also decreased,which results in higher Ni metal dispersion on the reduced and used catalysts and enhances the interactions between Ni sites and the support. It is believed that these are the inherent reasons accounting for the promotional effects of plasma treatment on the reaction performance of the Ni/La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore catalysts.

Dry reforming of methane on active and coke resistant Ni/Y_2Zr_2O_7 catalysts treated by dielectric barrier discharge plasma

In this study, Ni/YZrOcatalysts prepared with impregnation method and treated by dielectric barrier discharge plasma(DBD) in different atmospheres have been investigated for methane dry reforming. It is revealed by H-TPR that plasma treatment can enhance the interaction between Ni O/Ni particles and the YZrOpyrochlore support. Therefore, catalysts with smaller Ni O and Ni grains sizes, higher metallic Ni active surface areas can be achieved, as evidenced by XRD, TEM and Hadsorption-desorption measurements. As a consequence, the plasma-treated catalysts show significantly improved activity, stability and coke resistance, as testified by the TEM and TGA-DSC results. Plasma treatment in H/Ar gas mixture is found to be the best condition to prepare Ni/YZrO, which can be used to obtain a catalyst with the highest activity, stability and most potent coke resistance. It is believed that the smaller Ni grain size and higher metallic Ni active surface area induced by plasma treatment are the inherent reasons accounting for the promoted reaction performance of the Ni/YZrOpyrochlore catalysts.

Afforestation effects on soil microbial abundance, microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activity in dunes of Horqin Sandy Land, northeastern China

In order to investigate the effects of afforestation on soil microbial abundance, microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activity in sandy dunes, 20-year-old Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. （PSM） and Populus simonii Carri6re （PSC） mature forests were se- lected in Horqin Sandy Land, and mobile dunes was set as a control （CK）. Results show that PSM and PSC plantations can im- prove soil physicochemical properties and significantly increase microbiological activity in mobile dunes. Soil microbial abun- dance, microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activity show an order of PS〉PSM〉CK. Total soil microbial abundance in PSM and PSC was respectively 50.16 and 72.48 times more than that in CK, and the differences were significant among PSM, PSC and CK Soil microbial biomass carbon in PSM and PSC was respectively 23.67 and 33.34 times more than that in CK, and the difference was insignificant between PSM and PSC. Soil enzyme activity, including dehydrogenase （DEH）, peroxidase （PER）, protease （PRO）, urease （URE） and cellobiohydrolase （CEL） in PSM and PSC were respectively 19.00 and 27.54, 4.78 and 9.89, 4.05 and 8.67, 29.93 and 37.46, and 9.66 and 13.42 times of that in CK. R sylvestris and P. simonii can effectively improve soil physico- chemical and microbiological properties in sandy dunes and fix mobile dunes in Horqin Sandy Land. The Cmic：C ratio is an appli- cable indicator to estimate soil stability and soil water availability, and based on an overall consideration of plantation stability and sustainability, R sylvestris is better than R simonii in fixing mobile dunes in sandy land.

Analysis of User's Weight in Microblog Network Based on User Influence and Active Degree

Based on user＇s in-degree distribution, traditional ranking algorithms of user＇s weight usually neglect the considerations of the differences among user＇s followers and the features of user＇s tweets. In order to analyze the factors which impact on user＇s weight, under the analysis of the data collected from SINA Microblog network, this paper discovers that user influence and active degrees are the dominant factors for this issue. The proposed algorithm evaluates user influence by user＇s follower number, the influence of user＇s followers and the reciprocity between users. User＇s active degree is modeled by user＇s participation and the quality of user＇s tweets. The models are tested by different data groups to confirm the parameters for the final calculation. Eventually, this paper compares the computational results with the user＇s ranking order given by the SINA official application. The performance of this algorithm presents a stronger stability on the fluctuant range of the value of user＇s weight.

Giant benign phyllodes breast tumour with pulmonary nodule mimicking malignancy:A case report

BACKGROUND Phyllodes tumours(PTs)are fibroepithelial breast tumours,which can be classified as benign,borderline or malignant,according to their histological characteristics.While various huge borderline or malignant PTs have been previously described,a benign PT with a pulmonary nodule mimicking malignancy has not yet been reported.In order that doctors may have a comprehensive understanding of super-giant benign PTs(≥20 cm),we also performed a literature review to summarize the clinical features,differential diagnosis,and treatment of this disease.CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old woman with severe anaemia presented with a rapidly enlarging right breast mass,measuring approximately 30 cm×25 cm×20 cm that was first noticed 1 year previously.A region of skin ulceration and necrosis(20 cm×15 cm)was observed on the lateral side of the mass.Computed tomography(CT)of the chest revealed a pulmonary nodule,which initially suggested a diagnosis of metastasis.CT showed that the boundaries between the pectoralis major and the mass were blurred,which was presumed to be due to tumour invasion.However,two core needle biopsies of the mass showed no evidence of malignancy.Following these results,the tumour was removed by mastectomy of the right breast.Interestingly,postoperative pathology finally proved the diagnosis of a benign PT.After 1 year of follow-up,wedge resection of the small pulmonary nodule was performed,and it was confirmed that the lung nodule was actually adenocarcinoma rather than metastatic breast cancer.The patient recovered very well without any postoperative treatment.CONCLUSION This case is unique in that the giant breast mass initially mimicking a malignantclinical presentation was eventually pathologically confirmed to be a benign PT,which misled the diagnosis and complemented the atypical features of benign PTs.The pathological and immunohistochemical results were important in the differential diagnosis.In addition,total mastectomy should be recommended due to difficulty in the precise diagnosis of PTs,especially in large breast masses.In the literature,almost one-half of super-giant benign cases were thought to be malignant tumours before surgery.This finding is a reminder to consider all conditions in order to make an accurate diagnosis and avoid excessive treatment.

Comparison of sampling schemes for spatial predictionof soil organic carbon in Northern China

Determining an optimal sample size is a key step in designing field surveys,and is particularly important for detecting the spatial pattern of highly variable properties such as soil organic carbon(SOC).Based on 550 soil sampling points in the nearsurface layer(0 to 20 cm)in a representative region of northern China's agro-pastoral ecotone,we studied effects of four interpolation methods such as ordinary kriging(OK),universal kriging(UK),inverse distance weighting(IDW)and radial basis function(RBF)and random subsampling(50,100,200,300,400,and 500)on the prediction accuracy of SOC estimation.When the Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI)and Shannon's Evenness Index(SHEI)was 2.01 and 0.67,the OK method appeared to be a superior method,which had the smallest root mean square error(RMSE)and the mean error(ME)nearest to zero.On the contrary,the UK method performed poorly for the interpolation of SOC in the present study.The sample size of 200 had the most accurate prediction;50 sampling points produced the worst prediction accuracy.Thus,we used 200 samples to estimate the study area's soil organic carbon density(SOCD)by the OK method.The total SOC storage to a depth of 20 cm in the study area was 117.94 Mt,and its mean SOCD was 2.40 kg/m2.The SOCD kg/(C⋅m2)of different land use types were in the following order:woodland(3.29)>grassland(2.35)>cropland(2.19)>sandy land(1.55).

Robust H-infinity integral sliding mode control for a class of uncertain switched nonlinear systems

This paper develops a new method to deal with the robust H-infinity control problem for a class of uncertain switched nonlinear systems by using integral sliding mode control.A robust H-infinity integral sliding surface is constructed such that the sliding mode is robust stable with a prescribed disturbance attenuation level γ for a class of switching signals with average dwell time.Furthermore,variable structure controllers are designed to maintain the state of switched system on the sliding surface from the initial time.A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Analysis of properties of krypton ion-implanted Zn-polar ZnO thin films

The optical properties of materials are of great significance for their device applications.Different numbers of krypton ions are doped into high-quality Zn-polar ZnO films fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)on sapphire substrates through ion implantation.Krypton is chemically inert.The structures,morphologies,and optical properties of films are measured.The x-ray diffraction(XRD)spectra confirm the wurtzite structures of Zn-polar ZnO films.Atomic force microscopy(AFM)results show that the films have pit surface structure and higher roughness after Kr ion implantation.A detailed investigation of the optical properties is performed by using the absorption spectrum,photoluminescence(PL),and spectroscopic ellipsometry(SE).The absorption spectrum is measured by UV-visible spectrophotometer and the bandgap energy is estimated by the Tauc method.The results show that the absorption increases and the bandgap decreases after Kr ion implantation.Moreover,the Kr ion implantation concentration also affects the properties of the film.The ellipsometry results show that the films'refractive index decreases with the Kr ion implantation concentration increasing.These results can conduce to the design and optimization of Kr ion-implanted polar ZnO films for optoelectronic applications.

Diversity and composition of culturable fungi in Horqin Sandy Land

Soil fungi play a key role in soil functional performance and ecological restoration.To understand the diversity and composition of culturable fungi in soils of Horqin Sandy Land,China,mobile dune,semi-fixed dune,fixed dune and sandy grassland were selected to investigate the soil fungal diversity using a traditional culture-dependent approach.ITS sequencing was applied to identify the fungal strains.The counts of culturable fungi increased significantly from mobile dune to sandy grassland along the gradient of sandy land restoration.The Shannon-Wiener,Simpson and Evenness indices of culturable fungi ranged from 1.26-1.71,0.22-0.37 and 0.83-0.87,respectively.A total of 27 fungal strains were isolated using dilution plate cultural technique.The 27 fungal isolates were clustered into three groups:Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota at phylum level,indicating that Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum(88.9%of the total).The isolated fungi were grouped into 3 phyla,5 classes,6 orders,11 families and 13 genera.The results show that culturable fungi were diverse in sandy land soils and fungal isolates have potential function in lipid turnover,cellulose degradation and ethanol,glucose and fatty acid production.Future studies should be carried out to explore their ecological and biological function for degraded sandy land restoration.

Application Analysis of Digital Signal Processor DSP in Logging Instrument

In today’s world, the development ofeconomy has led to the continuous developmentand evolution of science and technology. Computertechnology and large-scale integration technologyhave been well developed and applied, followed by thetechnology of digital signal processing DSP productionand application. In the field of logging, the applicationfunction of this technology plays a key role. It not onlyallows the imaging logging technology to be furtherdeveloped, but also enables fast and accurate processingof downhole signals. Therefore, among many loggingtools today, digital signal processing DSPs have beenwidely used, and their functions have been fullyutilized. This paper analyzes the application of signalprocessor DSP in logging instruments. It is hoped thatit can play a reference role in the good application anddevelopment of logging instruments.

Discussion on the Development of Intelligent Drilling Technology and Equipment for Gas Drainage

This paper deals about the application and development of gas drainage intelligent drilling technology and equipment from remote automatic drilling,ground controlled drilling,ground long distance automatic control drilling,downhole remote control drilling,sub-source,and sub-area independent unit management.The main direction of our research is to achieve full automatic drilling,intelligent drilling and drilling robots that can realize gas drainage,and also to promote innovation and development of gas drainage intelligent drilling technology.

Multiple Symmetric Lipomas: A Case Report

Multiple symmetric lipomas are a rare disease characterized by multiple symmetrical deposits of adipose tissue associated with alcohol abuse.A 68-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for being operated on for a mass growth on the neck and back.Based on the patient’s medical history and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings,we performed surgical resection.There was no recurrence at one year postoperatively.

Characteristics and source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds and ozone generation sensitivity in urban Jiaozuo,China

In recent years,many cities have taken measures to reduce volatile organic compounds(VOCs),an important precursor of ozone(O_(3)),to alleviate O_(3) pollution in China.116 VOC species were measured by online and offline methods in the urban area of Jiaozuo from May to October in 2021 to analyze the compositional characteristics.VOC sources were analyzed by a positive matrix factorization(PMF)model,and the sensitivity of ozone generation was determined by ozone isopleth plotting research(OZIPR)simulation.The results showed that the average volume concentration of total VOCs was 30.54 ppbv and showed a bimodal feature due to the rush-hour traffic in the morning and at nightfall.The most dominant VOC groups were oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs,29.3%)and alkanes(26.7%),and the most abundant VOC species were acetone and acetylene.However,based on the maximum incremental reactivity(MIR)method,the major VOC groups in terms of ozone formation potential(OFP)contribution were OVOCs(68.09μg/m^(3),31.5%),aromatics(62.90μg/m^(3),29.1%)and alkene/alkynes(54.90μg/m^(3),25.4%).This indicates that the control of OVOCs,aromatics and alkene/alkynes should take priority.Five sources of VOCs were quantified by PMF,including fixed sources of fossil fuel combustion(27.8%),industrial processes(25.9%),vehicle exhaust(19.7%),natural and secondary formation(13.9%)and solvent usage(12.7%).The empirical kinetic modeling approach(EKMA)curve obtained by OZIPR on O_(3) exceedance days indicated that the O_(3) sensitivity varied in different months.The results provide theoretical support for O_(3) pollution prevention and control in Jiaozuo.

科尔沁沙地1961—2021年主要气象要素的变化特征——以奈曼旗为例

为了分析全球气候变化背景下科尔沁沙地主要气象要素的变化特征,基于逐月站点气象数据,采用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变分析和小波分析等研究方法,分析了1961—2021年奈曼旗主要气象要素(气温、降水量和蒸发量)的多尺度时间变化特征。结果表明:在全球气候变化下奈曼旗各主要气象要素变化显著,其中气温以0.21℃/10a速率极显著升高,降水以-9.2 mm/10a速率极显著减小,蒸发量以32.50 mm/10a速率不显著增加;从季节变化来看,春季和秋季气温、降水和蒸发量均表现为增加趋势,夏季和冬季温度和蒸发量增加,降水量减少。各气象要素出现突变点的时间不同,其中气温为1971年左右,降水为1978年和1987年,蒸发量为2002、2009、2013年。各气象要素在研究时段内均表现出明显的周期变化,其中气温为3~7、14~23、34~43 a,降水量为3~6、8~11、13~23、43 a,蒸发量为5~7、11~16、27、35 a。

Accumulation and potential sources of heavy metals in soils of the Hetao area,Inner Mongolia,China

Soil contamination by heavy metals is a problem in agricultural irrigation systems.To assess the accumulation and sources of heavy metals in the Yongji irrigation district of the Hetao area,Inner Mongolia,China,195 soil samples from 39 sites(0–100 cm)were collected,and Zn,Cu,Pb,Cr,and Cd concentrations were analyzed.The mean concentrations were 107.17,32.48,12.31,53.53,and 0.22 mg kg-1,respectively,with no significant differences between soil depths(P>0.05).Concentrations of Zn,Cu,and Cd were higher than the background levels,with moderate accumulation;the contamination factor(CF)values were 1.9,1.7,and 1.9,respectively,and the geoaccumulation index(Igeo)was>0.Concentrations of Pb and Cr were lower than,or close to,the background levels(CF<1,Igeo<0),indicating that they originated from a natural source.The monomial potential ecological risk index(Eri)for Zn,Cu,Pb,and Cr was low;Eri for Cd was 55.73,implying a moderate risk.The grade of potential ecological risk index of the five heavy metals(RI)was low,declining from south to north.The studied soils were contaminated with Zn,Cu,and Cd;principal component(PC)analysis implicated the enrichment of Cd and partial Cu(high loading in PC 2)was related to agricultural activities;Zn and partial Cu,closely associated with PC 3,may have originated from irrigation water from the Yellow River.Future agricultural development should focus on fertilizer and pesticide application and the quality of irrigation water.