A data selection method for matrix effects and uncertainty reduction for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Severe matrix effects and high signal uncertainty are two key bottlenecks for the quantitative performance and wide applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS).Based on the understanding that the superposition of both matrix effects and signal uncertainty directly affects plasma parameters and further influences spectral intensity and LIBS quantification performance,a data selection method based on plasma temperature matching(DSPTM)was proposed to reduce both matrix effects and signal uncertainty.By selecting spectra with smaller plasma temperature differences for all samples,the proposed method was able to build up the quantification model to rely more on spectra with smaller matrix effects and signal uncertainty,therefore improving final quantification performance.When applied to quantitative analysis of the zinc content in brass alloys,it was found that both accuracy and precision were improved using either a univariate model or multiple linear regression(MLR).More specifically,for the univariate model,the root-mean-square error of prediction(RMSEP),the determination coefficients(R^(2))and relative standard derivation(RSD)were improved from 3.30%,0.864 and 18.8%to 1.06%,0.986 and 13.5%,respectively;while for MLR,RMSEP,R^(2)and RSD were improved from 3.22%,0.871 and 26.2%to 1.07%,0.986 and 17.4%,respectively.These results prove that DSPTM can be used as an effective method to reduce matrix effects and improve repeatability by selecting reliable data.

Effect of creatine phosphate sodium on miRNA378,miRNA378＊ and calumenin mRNA in adriamycin-injured cardiomyocytes

Objective: To investigate the effect of creatine phosphate sodium(sodium phosphocreatine) on miRNA378, miRNA378* and calumenin m RNA in adriamycin-injured suckling mouse myocardium. Methods: The suckling mouse myocardium of primary culture were randomly divided into control group, adriamycin group and treatment group. To identify the suckling mouse myocardium, Smooth muscle actin-α(α-SMA) was monitored by immunohistochemical method. Cardiac function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. The mRNA change of miRNA378, miRNA378* and calumenin m RNA were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of calumenin and GRP78 were identified by western blot. Results: Mitochondrial damage and vacuolization were found in adriamycin-induced suckling mouse myocardium compared with control group, while creatine phosphate sodium could reduce this phenomenon. Compared with the control group, the mRNA of miRNA378, miRNA378* and calumenin in adriamycin group was reduced, while creatine phosphate sodium could increase this phenomenon. The expression of calumenin and GRP78 were decreased after adriamycin treatment in suckling mouse myocardiums, creatine phosphate sodium increased the expression of calumenin and GRP78. Conclusion: The results of this experiment might be closely related to the effects of that creatine phosphate sodium reduced the pathological mechanism of suckling mouse myocardium with myocarditis caused by adriamycin.

Distribution of selenium and arsenic in differentiated multicellular eukaryotic fossils and their significance

We present variation patterns of trace elements within different sequences of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation(DST,635-551 million years ago),and inside the cells of the earliest differentiated multicellular eukaryotic fossils of the Weng'an biota in the Weng'an County of Guizhou Province.The results showed that selenium is the most enriched and significantly varied trace element among the 22 trace elements throughout the DST,followed by arsenic.The highest selenium and arsenic content sequences are consistent with the first appeared sequence of the earliest differentiated multicellular eukaryotic fossils Megasphaera at the middle to upper parts of the DST.Nanoman secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses show that selenium and arsenic have an inhomogeneous and punctate distribution in the nucleus and cytoplasm.The nucleus has anomalously enriched levels of selenium and arsenic among the organelles.The selenium and arsenic concentrations exhibit a positive correlation with the diversity of fossilized Megasphaera.These new findings give us a clue that the anomalous enrichment of selenium and arsenic might contributes to the cell differentiation in Ediacaran Doushantuo period.

Influence of continuous blood purification on inflammation and target organ damage in patients with severe acute pancreatitis complicated by MODS

Objective:To study the influence of continuous blood purification on inflammation and target organ damage in patients with severe acute pancreatitis accompanied by MODS.Methods: A total of 78 patients with severe acute pancreatitis complicated by MODS who were treated in our hospital between June 2012 and March 2016 were selected and divided into control group (n=39) and observation group (n=39) according to random number table. Control group were treated with routine treatment, observation group were treated with conventional treatment plus continuous blood purification, and serum inflammatory factors, liver function indexes and renal function indexes were compared between two groups of patients before and after treatment.Results: Before treatment, differences in serum levels of inflammatory factors, liver function indexes and renal function indexes were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After treatment, serum inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and HMGB1 levels of observation group were lower than those of control group, liver function indexes ALT, AST, TBIL and ALP levels of observation group were lower than those of control group, and renal function indexes Scr and BUN levels of observation group were lower than those of control group.Conclusion: Continuous blood purification can reduce the systemic inflammatory response as well as liver and kidney injury in patients with severe acute pancreatitis complicated by MODS.

novel amylolytic enzyme from Palaeococcus ferrophilus with malto-oligosaccharide forming ability belonging to subfamily GH13_20

By heterologous expression of a gene from Palaeococcus ferrophilus,a novel recombinant enzyme designated AMPf was obtained and proved to be an amylolytic enzyme with unique catalytic characteristics.The optimal temperature and pH of AMPf were 50℃ and 7.0 respectively.Although sequence analysis and acarbose hydrolysis ability indicated that AMPf belongs to the subfamily GH13_20,interestingly,this enzyme hardly acts on cyclodextrins and pullulan distinguishing it from most enzymes in this subfamily.AMPf hydrolyzes starches to glucose,maltose,maltotriose,and maltotetrose as main products.AMPf mainly liberates glucose from starch with the concentration of 1%(w/v),while it shows malto-oligosaccharide forming ability with higher starch concentration of 4%(w/v).Also,the 4,6-ethylidene-4-nitrophenyl-maltoheptaose hydrolysis ability further indicates the unique combination endo-acting and glucose releasing exo-acting activtity of AMPf.AMPf could utilize maltose and maltotriose to produce malto-oligosaccharides by transglycosylation activity.It was proven AMPf has application protential in malto-oligosaccharides production.

Discovery of anomalous gallium enriched in stone coal: Significance, provenance and recommendations

Gallium(Ga)is a critical mineral that plays an irreplaceable role in consumer electronics,clean energy technologies and the aerospace industry.Nowadays competition for gallium resources at the national strategic level has begun to emerge,but gallium resources are unevenly distributed globally,and their presence is not guaranteed.New discoveries revealed an average gallium concentration of thirty-one samples from M_(1),M_(2),M_(3) and M_(4) stone coal-bearing seams of the Cambrian strata on South Qinling Orogenic Belt in central China is 157 mg/kg(9.98–747 mg/kg),which is 27.6-fold higher than the global hard coal average,as well as the existing association of Mo–V–U–Cd–Zn–Ba–Se–Mg–Ni–Cu enrichment.Ga average of these coal seams are 344 mg/kg(M_(3),44.5–747 mg/kg,n=11),270 mg/kg(M_(4),14.3–270 mg/kg,n=5),53.8 mg/kg(M_(2),22.6–75.4 mg/kg,n=8)and 19.8 mg/kg(M_(1),9.98–34.9 mg/kg,n=7)respectively,as well as the thickness of approximately 6,12,8,and 20 m,which be close to or exceed to the boundary grade standard(30 mg/kg)and minimum recoverable thickness(0.7 m)of gal-lium resources exploration.These findings indicate that the Cambrian stone coal deposits,especially in the middle and late Cambrian period,should be considered as promising alternative sources of gallium.The anomalous gallium-enriched sediments originated from a complex combination of hydrothermal flu-ids,original biomass and terrigenous materials.For the M_(1) stone coal-bearing seams,gallium most likely occurred in the mode of GaAs,Ga_(x)In_(1-x)As and GaO(OH),while modes of gallium in the M_(2) to M_(4) seams is interrelated with the organic affinity and clay minerals.The crude reserve estimate of gallium resources in central China is approximately 10.06?104 tons,corresponding to a super-large coal-hosted gallium ore deposit.The unique paleogeographic location and geological structure in central China resulted that this newly discovered deposit is a unique type of gallium-enriched deposit that has been discovered worldwide.These discoveries will provide the critical parameters when developing distinctive benefici-ation processes and appropriate extraction procedures,as well as guidance and effective for future prospecting regions of gallium resources around the globe,involving a combination consider the distri-bution of regional deep–large fault zones and the middle to late Cambrian black rock series deposits.

Differential regulation of JAK1 expression by ETS1 associated with predisposition to primary biliary cholangitis

Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts and progressive cholestasis,eventually leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure without appropriate treatment(Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli et al.,2019).

Controlled TiO2 coating on hollow glass microspheres and their reflective thermal insulation properties

Hollow glass microspheres(HGMs)have great potential in building energy-saving and industrial insulation.Anatase TiO2-modified HGMs were prepared by a sol-gel method in acetic acid-ethanol solution.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,zeta-potential measurements,nitrogen-sorption measurements,and Fourier-transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopies showed that the alkali modification of the HGMs greatly influenced the loading and microstructure of the TiO2 film.The TiO2 loading could be accurately controlled by ethanol addition and the TiO2 coating time.A mechanism for the TiO2 coating of the HGM surface is proposed.The synergistic action of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces resulted in close contact between the HGMs and TiO2 sol at pH 3.5.The effects of different TiO2 loading rates on the reflective and thermal insulation properties were studied.The near-infrared reflectance of 15.9%TiO2 coated on HGMs was 96.27%,and the inner surface temperature of the composite pigment coated on aluminum board was reduced by 22.4℃.The TiO2/HGM composite pigments exhibited excellent solar reflective and thermal insulation properties,so have potential in the construction of exterior walls and roofs.

关于建立我国空间核动力源应用安全机制的建议

由于探测目标与太阳的关系问题,月球与深空探测面临受天体遮挡长期无太阳光照或远距离弱太阳光照,无法满足探测器能源需求的严重问题.空间核动力源(同位素热/电源、反应堆电源/推进系统)由于其自主能源供给,被认为是解决这一问题的最佳途径.

Liver-resident NK cells suppress autoimmune cholangitis and limit the proliferation of CD4^(+) T cells

Liver-resident NK cells are distinct from conventional NK cells and play an important role in the maintenance of liver homeostasis.How liver-resident NK cells participate in autoimmune cholangitis remains unclear.Here,we extensively investigated the impact of NK cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune cholangitis utilizing the well-established dnTGFβRII cholangitis model,NK cell-deficient(Nfil3−/−)mice,adoptive transfer and in vivo antibody-mediated NK cell depletion.Our data demonstrated that disease progression was associated with a significantly reduced frequency of hepatic NK cells.Depletion of NK cells resulted in exacerbated autoimmune cholangitis in dnTGFβRII mice.We further confirmed that the DX5−CD11c^(hi) liver-resident NK cell subset colocalized with CD4^(+) T cells and inhibited CD4^(+) T cell proliferation.Gene expression microarray analysis demonstrated that liver-resident NK cells had a distinct gene expression pattern consisting of the increased expression of genes involved in negative regulatory functions in the context of the inflammatory microenvironment.

Correlation between Condylar Fracture Pattern after Parasymphyseal Impact and Condyle Morphological Features： A Retrospective Analysis of 107 Chinese Patients

Background： The treatment of the condylar fractures is difficult. Factors that result in the fractures are complex. The objective of this morphometric study was to investigate the relationship between condylar fracture patterns and condylar morphological characteristics. Methods： We conducted a retrospective analysis of 107 patients admitted to the West China Hospital of Stomatology for bilateral condylar fractures caused by parasymphyseal impact. The patients were divided into five groups according to the type of condylar fracture. Ten parameters were evaluated on three-dimensional （3D） reconstruction mandible models through the Mimics 16.0 （Materialize Leuven, Belgium） anthropometry toolkit. Each parameter of the 3D models was analyzed using multivariate analysis. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between the five groups. Results： The results showed that the differences of condylar head width （M 1 ）, condylar neck width （M3）, the ratio of condylar head width to condylar anteroposterior diameter （M1/M2）, the ratio of condylar head width to condylar neck width （M1/M3）, the ratio of condylar height to ramus height （M8/M7）, and mandibular angle （M10） were statistically significant （p 〈 0.05）. Type A condylar head fractures were positively associated with M1 （compared to Type B： OR ：1.627, 95% CI： 1.123, 2.359; compared to Type C： OR = 1.705, 95% CI： 1.170, 2.484） and M1/M2 （compared to Type B： OR = 1.034, 95% CI： 0.879, 2.484）. Type B condylar head fractures were negatively associated with M l 0 （compared to Type C： OR = 0.909, 95% CI： 0.821, 1.007）. Condylar neck fractures were negatively associated with M3 （compared to condylar head： OR = 0.382, CI： 0.203, 0.720 ; compared to condylar base： OR = 0.436, 95% CI： 0.218, 0.874）, and positively associated with M 1/M3 （compared to condylar head： OR = 1.229, 95% CI： 1.063, 1.420 compared to condylar base： OR = 1.223, 95% CI： 1.034, 1.447）. Condylar base fractures were positively associated with M10 （OR = 1.095, 95% CI： 1.008, 1.189） and negatively associated with M8/M7 （OR = 0.855, 95% CI： 0.763, 0.959） as compared with condylar head fractures. Conclusions： Condylar fracture pattern is associated with the anatomical features of the condyles when a fracture occurs from parasymphyseal impact.

Application of computer-assisted surgery techniques in the management of zygomatic complex fractures

Patients suffering from zygomatic complex fractures always present facial deformity and dyslunctions, and thereafter develop psychological and physiological problems. It is really hard to get an ideal prog- nosis for the zygomatic complex fractures because of the complicated anatomical structures. Computer- assisted surgery techniques, as the new emerging auxiliary methods, can optimize the surgical protocol, predict operation outcomes, and improve the accuracy and quality of the operation. Meanwhile the postoperative complications can be reduced effectively. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of computer-assisted surgery techniques in the management of zygomatic complex fractures.