Background:Cytochrome b561(CYB561)plays a critical role in neuroendocrine function,cardiovascular regulation,and tumor growth;however,the prognostic value of CYB561 in patients with breast cancer and the relationship ...Background:Cytochrome b561(CYB561)plays a critical role in neuroendocrine function,cardiovascular regulation,and tumor growth;however,the prognostic value of CYB561 in patients with breast cancer and the relationship between CYB561 expression and immune infiltration in breast cancer remain unclear.Methods:The mRNA expression and clinical data of patients with breast cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Functional enrichment analysis was used to explore underlying biological functions associated with CYB561.The methylation status of CYB561 was analyzed using the MethSurv database.The enrichment score of immune cell infiltration for CYB561 in breast cancer was calculated using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis.The prognostic value of CYB561 was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis.Based on the results of the multivariate Cox analysis,a nomogram was constructed to predict the effect of CYB561 expression on overall survival(OS).Results:The results showed that CYB561 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues.Hypomethylation of CYB561 is associated with an unfavorable prognosis.In multivariate Cox regression analysis,CYB561 was an independent prognostic factor for OS.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that estrogen signaling pathway,inflammatory response,KRAS signaling pathway,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,leukocyte migration,and regulation of lymphocyte activation were strongly enriched in the low CYB561 expression group.Additionally,CYB561 expression was negatively correlated with immune infiltration of B cells,plasmacytoid dendritic cells,dendritic cells,and neutrophils.Conclusion:CYB561 may serve as a potential biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis.展开更多
The present study aims to investigate the physico-chemical structural evolution characteristics of char structure of CO_(2) atmosphere torrefaction pretreated sludge with Yangchangwan bituminous coal(YC)during co-gasi...The present study aims to investigate the physico-chemical structural evolution characteristics of char structure of CO_(2) atmosphere torrefaction pretreated sludge with Yangchangwan bituminous coal(YC)during co-gasification.The co-gasification reactivity of torrefied sludge and YC was measured using a thermogravimetric analyzer.The co-gasification reactivity of torrefied sludge with YC was thoroughly explored in depth by in situ heating stage microscope coupled with traditional characterization means of char sample(Scanning electron microscope,nitrogen adsorption analyzer,laser Raman spectroscopy).The results show that the gasification reaction rate of sludge treated under CO_(2) atmosphere and coal blended char was better than other char samples at 1100–1200℃.The torrefied sludge under CO_(2) atmosphere promoted its thermal decomposition to the maximum extent,so that it eventually was transformed into a large number of small broken particles.The specific surface area and ID1/IG ratio of blended char of torrefied sludge under CO_(2) atmosphere and YC were 1.70 and 1.07 times higher than that of YC,respectively.The in situ technique revealed that YC char with the addition of torrefied sludge undergo gasification by shrinking core modes and the presence of obvious ash melting flow phenomenon.It was more obvious than that of YC.展开更多
The chemokine system consists of four different subclasses with over 50 chemokines and 19 receptors. Their functions in the immune system have been well elucidated and research during the last decades unveils their ne...The chemokine system consists of four different subclasses with over 50 chemokines and 19 receptors. Their functions in the immune system have been well elucidated and research during the last decades unveils their new roles in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). The chemokines and their receptors in the microenvironment influence the development of HCCby several aspects including:inflammation,effects on immune cells,angiogenesis,and direct effects on HCC cells. Regarding these aspects,pre-clinical research by targeting the chemokine system has yielded promising data,and these findings bring us new clues in the chemokine-based therapies for HCC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist analog that has been found to have a therapeutic effect in diabetes.In addition to its ability to treat diabetes,liraglutide has beneficial effects ...BACKGROUND Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist analog that has been found to have a therapeutic effect in diabetes.In addition to its ability to treat diabetes,liraglutide has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and kidney as well as other beneficial effects,but its specific mechanism is not clear.In this study,a rat model of type 2 diabetes was established by administration of a high-sugar,high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin(STZ)to observe the effect of liraglutide on the kidneys of type 2 diabetes rats and the possible underlying mechanisms.AIM To explore whether liraglutide has a protective effect on type 2 diabetic rat kidneys and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group,model group,low-dose liraglutide group,and high-dose liraglutide group.Control rats were fed a standard diet,while model group and intervention group rats were fed high-sugar,high-fat feed for 1 mo and then intraperitoneally injected with 40 mg/kg STZ to induce type 2 diabetes.The low-dose and highdose intervention groups received 100μg/kg and 200μg/kg liraglutide,respectively,once daily by subcutaneous injection.The control and model groups were given an equivalent volume of physiological saline for 8 wk.Pathological changes in renal tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining,and GRP78 and caspase-12 expression was detected by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RESULTS Western blot analysis showed that GRP78 and caspase-12 protein expression in kidney tissue was significantly higher in model rats than in normal rats and lowerin the liraglutide-treated groups than in the model group,with a more significant decrease being observed in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group.RTPCR showed that the mRNA expression of GRP78 and caspase-12 was higher in model rats than in control rats and lower in the liraglutide-treated groups than in the model group,with the high-dose group exhibiting a more significant decrease than the low-dose group.CONCLUSION Liraglutide may delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and protect the kidneys in a dose-dependent manner.展开更多
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) breeding is challenging due to its genetic complexity. In the present study, interval mapping (IM) and multiple quantitative trait locus (QTL) model (MQM) analysis wer...Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) breeding is challenging due to its genetic complexity. In the present study, interval mapping (IM) and multiple quantitative trait locus (QTL) model (MQM) analysis were used to identify QTLs for starch content with a mapping population consisting of 202 F1 individuals of a cross between Xushu 18, a cultivar susceptible to stem nematodes, with high yield and moderate starch, and Xu 781, which is resistant to stem nematodes, has low yield and high starch content. Six QTLs for starch content were mapped on six linkage groups of the Xu 781 map, explaining 9.1-38.8% of the variation. Especially, one of them, DMFN 4, accounted for 38.8% of starch content variation, which is the QTL that explains the highest phenotypic variation detected to date in sweetpotato. All of the six QTLs had a positive effect on the variation of the starch content, which indicated the inheritance derived from the parent Xu 781. Two QTLs for starch content were detected on two linkage groups of the Xushu 18 map, explaining 14.3 and 16.1% of the variation, respectively. They had a negative effect on the variation, indicating the inheritance derived from Xu 781. Seven of eight QTLs were co-localized with a single marker. This is the first report on the development of QTLs co-localized with a single marker in sweetpotato. These QTLs and their co-localized markers may be used in marker-assisted breeding for the starch content of sweetpotato.展开更多
Slip is one of the most critical components for the frac plug,which would lodge into the casing and lock the frac plug in place during the setting and anchoring process.However,fracture failure of slip significantly a...Slip is one of the most critical components for the frac plug,which would lodge into the casing and lock the frac plug in place during the setting and anchoring process.However,fracture failure of slip significantly affects the hydraulic fracturing effects and has attracted tremendous attention.In this paper,a three-dimensional contact model is applied to explore the setting process of slip.The effects of key structural parameters such as apex angle,inclination angle,and wedge angle on the contact characteristics of slip are systematically investigated.Numerical results indicate that the maximum contact stress appears at the contact area between slip tooth and the casing’s inner wall.Besides,the maximum contact stress generally increases with the increase of apex angle and inclination angle,while decrease linearly with the rise in the wedge angle.Experimental results show that the slip teeth get blunt and appear severe plastic deformation,which arises from stress concentration.Comparison of biting area indicates that the experimental results are about 21.3%larger,which still have a reasonable agreement with the numerical results.These obtained results can guide the parametric selection of plug slip and other similar components.展开更多
Ecophysiological responses to drought stress of Populus euphratica in Alashan Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station were investigated.Results show that under mild and moderate drought stress,stomatal leng...Ecophysiological responses to drought stress of Populus euphratica in Alashan Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station were investigated.Results show that under mild and moderate drought stress,stomatal length,aperture,area and density is likely to decrease in the early days,but afterwards this is likely to recovery with treatment over the pas‐sage of treatment time.Under severe drought stress,these properties appear to decline continuously.However,after 45 days of drought-stress treatment,the decline is not as noticeable as before,indicating that Populus euphratica could possibly reduce water evaporation by shutting down the stoma,leading to an improvement in its water use efficiency with better survival under drought stress conditions.The leaf area first decreases,and then increases under mild and moderate drought stress conditions,with the average values under different degree of stress found to be approximately 129.52,120.08,116.63 and 107.28 cm2,respectively.Under moderate stress conditions,the leaf water potential appears to show a continuous decline where the average values under different degree of stress are found to be-1.27,-1.85,-4.29 and-4.80 MPa,respectively.In terms of proline content,the results demonstrate that this factor appears to increase significant‐ly under moderate and severe drought stress conditions.Especially under severe drought stress condition,the content is found to be more than 700μg/g.Ranging over average values of 14.64 and 15.90 nmol/g under moderate and severe drought stress,respectively,Malondialdehyde content is found to increase quite rapidly under moderate and severe drought stress conditions at first,which then appears to decrease gradually with the treatment over time.展开更多
The optical properties of coatings pigmented with different black colorants were systematically investigated and their surface temperatures and cooling energy savings were estimated. The black coatings pigmented with ...The optical properties of coatings pigmented with different black colorants were systematically investigated and their surface temperatures and cooling energy savings were estimated. The black coatings pigmented with chromite iron nickel black and manganese ferrite black spinel colorants are not cool enough to be energy efficient cool black coatings. The cool black coatings pigmented with NIR-transmitting perylene black and dioxazine purple colorants possess a green shade and a violet shade, respectively. The estimated surface temperature reduction values and annual cooling energy savings in Beijing range from 3.0°C and 1.21 kWhm-2yr-1 for the black coating pigmented with chromite iron nickel colorant to 13.8°C and 5.52 kWhm-2yr-1 for the black coating pigmented with dioxazine purple colorant, respectively.展开更多
The non-marine Cretaceous sequences are well developed in the relict basins, i.e. the Luxi basin in the west, and the Jiaolai basin in the east of Shandong Province. The Lower Cretaceous Santai Formation (140 - 136 Ma...The non-marine Cretaceous sequences are well developed in the relict basins, i.e. the Luxi basin in the west, and the Jiaolai basin in the east of Shandong Province. The Lower Cretaceous Santai Formation (140 - 136 Ma) in the Luxi basin contains aeolian dune deposits, which were formed under the control by westerly. The Cretaceous strata of the Jiaolai basin are divided into three groups: i.e. in ascending order, the Laiyang, Qingshan and Wangshi groups. New SHRIMP zircon U-Pb radiometric dating data demonstrated six Cretaceous volcanism episodes. The lower part of the Wangshi Group should be assigned to the upper Lower Cretaceous. An Ir anomaly recovered in the lower Jiaozhou Formation suggests that the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary would be in the interval between 537.3 - 537.4 m in the borehole JK1. At last the detailed information about the pre-symposium field excursion was introduced.展开更多
Immunocytes,including the microglia,are crucial in the neurodegenerative process in old people.However,the understanding regarding microglia heterogeneity and other involved immunocytes remains elusive.We analyzed 26,...Immunocytes,including the microglia,are crucial in the neurodegenerative process in old people.However,the understanding regarding microglia heterogeneity and other involved immunocytes remains elusive.We analyzed 26,456 immunocytes from 12-and 26-month-old zebrafish brains at single-cell resolution.Microglia and T lymphocytes were detected in the brain at both time points.Two types of microglia were annotated,namely,ac+microglia and xr+microglia,which were clustered into subsets 1,2,3,4,5,and subsets 6,7,8,9,respectively.Diversified microglia predominated the adult brains and cooperated with T cells to perform the functions of immune response and neuronal nutrition.We validated the specific microglia markers.The novel transgenic lines,Tg(lgals3bpb:e GFP)and Tg(apoc1:e GFP),were created,which faithfully labeled ac+microglia and served as valuable labeling tools.However,the microglia population reduced while T cells of six subtypes intriguingly increased to serve as the primary immune cells in aged brains.Unlike in 12-month-old brains,T cells,together with microglia,exhibited a coordinated signature of inflammation in the 26-month-old brains.Our findings revealed the immunocytes atlas in aged zebrafish brains.It implied the involvement of microglia and T cells in the progression of neurodegeneration in aging.展开更多
Background SYNGAP1 is a signifcant genetic risk factor for global developmental delay,autism spectrum disorder,and epileptic encephalopathy.De novo loss-of-function variants in this gene cause a neurodevelopmental dis...Background SYNGAP1 is a signifcant genetic risk factor for global developmental delay,autism spectrum disorder,and epileptic encephalopathy.De novo loss-of-function variants in this gene cause a neurodevelopmental disorder,for example,early-onset and drug-refractory seizures.We report two children with global developmental delay and epileptic encephalopathy,which are caused by SYNGAP1 gene novel mutations,and drug treatment is efective.Case presentation We report a boy and a girl presented with global developmental delay when they were young babies;as they grew up,cognitive impairment and social-communication disorder became more and more prominent;unfortunately,the patients developed into various seizure types,including eyelid myoclonia,myoclonic and absences when the boy was 1 year 8 mouths old and the girl was 3 years old.The two patients were found two previously unknown mutations by high throughput sequencing[c.3271_c.3272insT;(p.L1091L fs^(*)62),c.2515A>T(p.K839^(*))]in exon 15 of the SYNGAP in the proband.Sanger sequencing confrmed the heterozygous nature,and neither of their parents carried the same mutation.The girl treated with valproic acid and prednisone became seizure-free,and valproic acid and levetiracetam combined with clonazepam were infuential in the other.Conclusions The global developmental delay and epileptic encephalopathy of the children were probably due to the pathogenic mutation of the SYNGAP1 gene,and prednisone and clonazepam may be efective in achieving seizure-free.展开更多
Plant litter decomposition has been studied extensively in the context of both warming and increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition. However, the temporal patterns of mass loss and nutrient release in response to war...Plant litter decomposition has been studied extensively in the context of both warming and increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition. However, the temporal patterns of mass loss and nutrient release in response to warming and nitrogen addition remain unclear. A 2-year decomposition experiment aimed to examine the effects of warming and nitrogen addition on decomposition rate, and nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics. The effects of warming and nitrogen addition on decomposition of litter of Stipa breviflora, a dominant species in a desert steppe of northern China, were studied. Warming and nitrogen addition significantly enhanced litter mass loss by 10% and 16%, respectively, and moreover promoted nitrogen and phosphorus release from the litter in the first year of decomposition, followed by an immobilization period. The interactive effects of warming and nitrogen addition on mass loss, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of litter were also found during the decomposition. This study indicates that warming and nitrogen addition increased litter mass loss through altering litter quality. These findings highlight that interactions between climate change and other global change factors could be highly important in driving decomposition responses.展开更多
Background The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of Kawasaki disease(KD)and concurrent pathogens due to a stay-at-home isolation policy during coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic.Methods All p...Background The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of Kawasaki disease(KD)and concurrent pathogens due to a stay-at-home isolation policy during coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic.Methods All patients with KD admitted between February and April in 2015-2020,were classified into before(group 1,in 2015-2019)and after(group 2,in 2020)isolation groups.A total of 4742 patients[with KD(m=98)and non-KD(n=4644)]referred to Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)and virus detection were analyzed in 2020.Clinical characteristics,laboratory data,and 13 pathogens were analyzed retrospectively.Results Group 2 had a significantly increased incidence of KD(0.11%)with 107 patients compared to that of group 1(0.03%)with 493 patients.The comparisons of oral mucosal change,strawberry tongue,desquamation of the fingertips,cervical lymphadenopathy and neutrophil percentage decreased in group 2 compared to group 1.The infection rate of MP increased significantly in group 2(34.7%)compared to group 1(19.3%),while the positive rate of viruses decreased significantly in group 2(5.3%)compared to group 1(14.3%).In 2020,the positive rate of MP infection increased significantly in patients with KD compared to the increase in patients with non-KD.The infection rate of MP for younger children aged less than 3 years old was higher in group 2 than in group 1.Conclusion Compared with the characteristics of KD from 2015 to 2019 years,the incidence of KD was increased in 2020 and was accompanied by a high incidence of MP infection,especially in younger children(less than 3 years old)during the isolation due to COVID-19 pandemic.展开更多
基金supported by the Chongqing Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau,China(No.cx2022098)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52001036)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022T150767,2021M693708).
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82060483)Guangxi Research Foundation for Science&Technology Base and Talent Special(Grant No.AD19110079)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(Grant No.2020GXNSFBA238002).
文摘Background:Cytochrome b561(CYB561)plays a critical role in neuroendocrine function,cardiovascular regulation,and tumor growth;however,the prognostic value of CYB561 in patients with breast cancer and the relationship between CYB561 expression and immune infiltration in breast cancer remain unclear.Methods:The mRNA expression and clinical data of patients with breast cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Functional enrichment analysis was used to explore underlying biological functions associated with CYB561.The methylation status of CYB561 was analyzed using the MethSurv database.The enrichment score of immune cell infiltration for CYB561 in breast cancer was calculated using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis.The prognostic value of CYB561 was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis.Based on the results of the multivariate Cox analysis,a nomogram was constructed to predict the effect of CYB561 expression on overall survival(OS).Results:The results showed that CYB561 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues.Hypomethylation of CYB561 is associated with an unfavorable prognosis.In multivariate Cox regression analysis,CYB561 was an independent prognostic factor for OS.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that estrogen signaling pathway,inflammatory response,KRAS signaling pathway,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,leukocyte migration,and regulation of lymphocyte activation were strongly enriched in the low CYB561 expression group.Additionally,CYB561 expression was negatively correlated with immune infiltration of B cells,plasmacytoid dendritic cells,dendritic cells,and neutrophils.Conclusion:CYB561 may serve as a potential biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(2022J0756)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260321,21968024).
文摘The present study aims to investigate the physico-chemical structural evolution characteristics of char structure of CO_(2) atmosphere torrefaction pretreated sludge with Yangchangwan bituminous coal(YC)during co-gasification.The co-gasification reactivity of torrefied sludge and YC was measured using a thermogravimetric analyzer.The co-gasification reactivity of torrefied sludge with YC was thoroughly explored in depth by in situ heating stage microscope coupled with traditional characterization means of char sample(Scanning electron microscope,nitrogen adsorption analyzer,laser Raman spectroscopy).The results show that the gasification reaction rate of sludge treated under CO_(2) atmosphere and coal blended char was better than other char samples at 1100–1200℃.The torrefied sludge under CO_(2) atmosphere promoted its thermal decomposition to the maximum extent,so that it eventually was transformed into a large number of small broken particles.The specific surface area and ID1/IG ratio of blended char of torrefied sludge under CO_(2) atmosphere and YC were 1.70 and 1.07 times higher than that of YC,respectively.The in situ technique revealed that YC char with the addition of torrefied sludge undergo gasification by shrinking core modes and the presence of obvious ash melting flow phenomenon.It was more obvious than that of YC.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation of China,No.31471147
文摘The chemokine system consists of four different subclasses with over 50 chemokines and 19 receptors. Their functions in the immune system have been well elucidated and research during the last decades unveils their new roles in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). The chemokines and their receptors in the microenvironment influence the development of HCCby several aspects including:inflammation,effects on immune cells,angiogenesis,and direct effects on HCC cells. Regarding these aspects,pre-clinical research by targeting the chemokine system has yielded promising data,and these findings bring us new clues in the chemokine-based therapies for HCC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21973009)Chongqing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.cstc2019jcyj-msxm X0087)。
文摘BACKGROUND Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist analog that has been found to have a therapeutic effect in diabetes.In addition to its ability to treat diabetes,liraglutide has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and kidney as well as other beneficial effects,but its specific mechanism is not clear.In this study,a rat model of type 2 diabetes was established by administration of a high-sugar,high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin(STZ)to observe the effect of liraglutide on the kidneys of type 2 diabetes rats and the possible underlying mechanisms.AIM To explore whether liraglutide has a protective effect on type 2 diabetic rat kidneys and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group,model group,low-dose liraglutide group,and high-dose liraglutide group.Control rats were fed a standard diet,while model group and intervention group rats were fed high-sugar,high-fat feed for 1 mo and then intraperitoneally injected with 40 mg/kg STZ to induce type 2 diabetes.The low-dose and highdose intervention groups received 100μg/kg and 200μg/kg liraglutide,respectively,once daily by subcutaneous injection.The control and model groups were given an equivalent volume of physiological saline for 8 wk.Pathological changes in renal tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining,and GRP78 and caspase-12 expression was detected by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RESULTS Western blot analysis showed that GRP78 and caspase-12 protein expression in kidney tissue was significantly higher in model rats than in normal rats and lowerin the liraglutide-treated groups than in the model group,with a more significant decrease being observed in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group.RTPCR showed that the mRNA expression of GRP78 and caspase-12 was higher in model rats than in control rats and lower in the liraglutide-treated groups than in the model group,with the high-dose group exhibiting a more significant decrease than the low-dose group.CONCLUSION Liraglutide may delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and protect the kidneys in a dose-dependent manner.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-11,Sweetpotato)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2012AA101204)
文摘Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) breeding is challenging due to its genetic complexity. In the present study, interval mapping (IM) and multiple quantitative trait locus (QTL) model (MQM) analysis were used to identify QTLs for starch content with a mapping population consisting of 202 F1 individuals of a cross between Xushu 18, a cultivar susceptible to stem nematodes, with high yield and moderate starch, and Xu 781, which is resistant to stem nematodes, has low yield and high starch content. Six QTLs for starch content were mapped on six linkage groups of the Xu 781 map, explaining 9.1-38.8% of the variation. Especially, one of them, DMFN 4, accounted for 38.8% of starch content variation, which is the QTL that explains the highest phenotypic variation detected to date in sweetpotato. All of the six QTLs had a positive effect on the variation of the starch content, which indicated the inheritance derived from the parent Xu 781. Two QTLs for starch content were detected on two linkage groups of the Xushu 18 map, explaining 14.3 and 16.1% of the variation, respectively. They had a negative effect on the variation, indicating the inheritance derived from Xu 781. Seven of eight QTLs were co-localized with a single marker. This is the first report on the development of QTLs co-localized with a single marker in sweetpotato. These QTLs and their co-localized markers may be used in marker-assisted breeding for the starch content of sweetpotato.
基金financial support from the National Major Science and Technology Projects of China(Grant No.2017ZX05072)the Royal Society Newton International Fellowships(Grant No.NIF/R1/181640)the Marie SkłodowskaCurie Individual Fellowships under European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme(Grant No.840264)
文摘Slip is one of the most critical components for the frac plug,which would lodge into the casing and lock the frac plug in place during the setting and anchoring process.However,fracture failure of slip significantly affects the hydraulic fracturing effects and has attracted tremendous attention.In this paper,a three-dimensional contact model is applied to explore the setting process of slip.The effects of key structural parameters such as apex angle,inclination angle,and wedge angle on the contact characteristics of slip are systematically investigated.Numerical results indicate that the maximum contact stress appears at the contact area between slip tooth and the casing’s inner wall.Besides,the maximum contact stress generally increases with the increase of apex angle and inclination angle,while decrease linearly with the rise in the wedge angle.Experimental results show that the slip teeth get blunt and appear severe plastic deformation,which arises from stress concentration.Comparison of biting area indicates that the experimental results are about 21.3%larger,which still have a reasonable agreement with the numerical results.These obtained results can guide the parametric selection of plug slip and other similar components.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China"Nighttime tran-spiration and its eco-hydrological effects in typical desert vegetation"(42001038)the Major special projects of science and technology in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(zdzx2018057)+1 种基金the project of CAS innovation cross team(JCTD-2019-19)The authors thank anonymous reviewers for their valuable review and constructive comments on this manuscript.
文摘Ecophysiological responses to drought stress of Populus euphratica in Alashan Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station were investigated.Results show that under mild and moderate drought stress,stomatal length,aperture,area and density is likely to decrease in the early days,but afterwards this is likely to recovery with treatment over the pas‐sage of treatment time.Under severe drought stress,these properties appear to decline continuously.However,after 45 days of drought-stress treatment,the decline is not as noticeable as before,indicating that Populus euphratica could possibly reduce water evaporation by shutting down the stoma,leading to an improvement in its water use efficiency with better survival under drought stress conditions.The leaf area first decreases,and then increases under mild and moderate drought stress conditions,with the average values under different degree of stress found to be approximately 129.52,120.08,116.63 and 107.28 cm2,respectively.Under moderate stress conditions,the leaf water potential appears to show a continuous decline where the average values under different degree of stress are found to be-1.27,-1.85,-4.29 and-4.80 MPa,respectively.In terms of proline content,the results demonstrate that this factor appears to increase significant‐ly under moderate and severe drought stress conditions.Especially under severe drought stress condition,the content is found to be more than 700μg/g.Ranging over average values of 14.64 and 15.90 nmol/g under moderate and severe drought stress,respectively,Malondialdehyde content is found to increase quite rapidly under moderate and severe drought stress conditions at first,which then appears to decrease gradually with the treatment over time.
文摘The optical properties of coatings pigmented with different black colorants were systematically investigated and their surface temperatures and cooling energy savings were estimated. The black coatings pigmented with chromite iron nickel black and manganese ferrite black spinel colorants are not cool enough to be energy efficient cool black coatings. The cool black coatings pigmented with NIR-transmitting perylene black and dioxazine purple colorants possess a green shade and a violet shade, respectively. The estimated surface temperature reduction values and annual cooling energy savings in Beijing range from 3.0°C and 1.21 kWhm-2yr-1 for the black coating pigmented with chromite iron nickel colorant to 13.8°C and 5.52 kWhm-2yr-1 for the black coating pigmented with dioxazine purple colorant, respectively.
文摘The non-marine Cretaceous sequences are well developed in the relict basins, i.e. the Luxi basin in the west, and the Jiaolai basin in the east of Shandong Province. The Lower Cretaceous Santai Formation (140 - 136 Ma) in the Luxi basin contains aeolian dune deposits, which were formed under the control by westerly. The Cretaceous strata of the Jiaolai basin are divided into three groups: i.e. in ascending order, the Laiyang, Qingshan and Wangshi groups. New SHRIMP zircon U-Pb radiometric dating data demonstrated six Cretaceous volcanism episodes. The lower part of the Wangshi Group should be assigned to the upper Lower Cretaceous. An Ir anomaly recovered in the lower Jiaozhou Formation suggests that the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary would be in the interval between 537.3 - 537.4 m in the borehole JK1. At last the detailed information about the pre-symposium field excursion was introduced.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (2019YFA802703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32270873,32000568,31822033)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (CSTC2020JCYJ-MSXMX0104)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Grant (XDJK2020C041)。
文摘Immunocytes,including the microglia,are crucial in the neurodegenerative process in old people.However,the understanding regarding microglia heterogeneity and other involved immunocytes remains elusive.We analyzed 26,456 immunocytes from 12-and 26-month-old zebrafish brains at single-cell resolution.Microglia and T lymphocytes were detected in the brain at both time points.Two types of microglia were annotated,namely,ac+microglia and xr+microglia,which were clustered into subsets 1,2,3,4,5,and subsets 6,7,8,9,respectively.Diversified microglia predominated the adult brains and cooperated with T cells to perform the functions of immune response and neuronal nutrition.We validated the specific microglia markers.The novel transgenic lines,Tg(lgals3bpb:e GFP)and Tg(apoc1:e GFP),were created,which faithfully labeled ac+microglia and served as valuable labeling tools.However,the microglia population reduced while T cells of six subtypes intriguingly increased to serve as the primary immune cells in aged brains.Unlike in 12-month-old brains,T cells,together with microglia,exhibited a coordinated signature of inflammation in the 26-month-old brains.Our findings revealed the immunocytes atlas in aged zebrafish brains.It implied the involvement of microglia and T cells in the progression of neurodegeneration in aging.
基金Written informed consent was obtained from the children’s guardians to publish their cases,and the Research Ethics Committee of Children’s Hospital of Jiangxi Province provided approval for this study(approval number is JXSETYY-YXKY-20210035).
文摘Background SYNGAP1 is a signifcant genetic risk factor for global developmental delay,autism spectrum disorder,and epileptic encephalopathy.De novo loss-of-function variants in this gene cause a neurodevelopmental disorder,for example,early-onset and drug-refractory seizures.We report two children with global developmental delay and epileptic encephalopathy,which are caused by SYNGAP1 gene novel mutations,and drug treatment is efective.Case presentation We report a boy and a girl presented with global developmental delay when they were young babies;as they grew up,cognitive impairment and social-communication disorder became more and more prominent;unfortunately,the patients developed into various seizure types,including eyelid myoclonia,myoclonic and absences when the boy was 1 year 8 mouths old and the girl was 3 years old.The two patients were found two previously unknown mutations by high throughput sequencing[c.3271_c.3272insT;(p.L1091L fs^(*)62),c.2515A>T(p.K839^(*))]in exon 15 of the SYNGAP in the proband.Sanger sequencing confrmed the heterozygous nature,and neither of their parents carried the same mutation.The girl treated with valproic acid and prednisone became seizure-free,and valproic acid and levetiracetam combined with clonazepam were infuential in the other.Conclusions The global developmental delay and epileptic encephalopathy of the children were probably due to the pathogenic mutation of the SYNGAP1 gene,and prednisone and clonazepam may be efective in achieving seizure-free.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for Advanced Talents by Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (NDGCC2016-19)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760146, 31770500)+2 种基金National Key Project (2016YFC0500504)the Innovative Team of Grassland Resources from the Ministry of Education of China (IRT_17R59)received long-term support from the Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences
文摘Plant litter decomposition has been studied extensively in the context of both warming and increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition. However, the temporal patterns of mass loss and nutrient release in response to warming and nitrogen addition remain unclear. A 2-year decomposition experiment aimed to examine the effects of warming and nitrogen addition on decomposition rate, and nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics. The effects of warming and nitrogen addition on decomposition of litter of Stipa breviflora, a dominant species in a desert steppe of northern China, were studied. Warming and nitrogen addition significantly enhanced litter mass loss by 10% and 16%, respectively, and moreover promoted nitrogen and phosphorus release from the litter in the first year of decomposition, followed by an immobilization period. The interactive effects of warming and nitrogen addition on mass loss, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of litter were also found during the decomposition. This study indicates that warming and nitrogen addition increased litter mass loss through altering litter quality. These findings highlight that interactions between climate change and other global change factors could be highly important in driving decomposition responses.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81870365,81971477 and 81970436)the National Youth Foundation of China(No.81800437)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Medical Young Talents(QNRC2016756 and QNRC2016764)the Shanghai Science and Technology Support Project for Medicine(No.18411967300).
文摘Background The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of Kawasaki disease(KD)and concurrent pathogens due to a stay-at-home isolation policy during coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic.Methods All patients with KD admitted between February and April in 2015-2020,were classified into before(group 1,in 2015-2019)and after(group 2,in 2020)isolation groups.A total of 4742 patients[with KD(m=98)and non-KD(n=4644)]referred to Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)and virus detection were analyzed in 2020.Clinical characteristics,laboratory data,and 13 pathogens were analyzed retrospectively.Results Group 2 had a significantly increased incidence of KD(0.11%)with 107 patients compared to that of group 1(0.03%)with 493 patients.The comparisons of oral mucosal change,strawberry tongue,desquamation of the fingertips,cervical lymphadenopathy and neutrophil percentage decreased in group 2 compared to group 1.The infection rate of MP increased significantly in group 2(34.7%)compared to group 1(19.3%),while the positive rate of viruses decreased significantly in group 2(5.3%)compared to group 1(14.3%).In 2020,the positive rate of MP infection increased significantly in patients with KD compared to the increase in patients with non-KD.The infection rate of MP for younger children aged less than 3 years old was higher in group 2 than in group 1.Conclusion Compared with the characteristics of KD from 2015 to 2019 years,the incidence of KD was increased in 2020 and was accompanied by a high incidence of MP infection,especially in younger children(less than 3 years old)during the isolation due to COVID-19 pandemic.