电催化二氧化碳与含氮小分子共还原的缺陷与界面工程

化石燃料的大量燃烧和利用造成日益严重的能源危机、全球气候变暖和环境污染,已成为人类面临的严峻挑战.因此,迫切需要开发可持续的能源存储和转换技术.其中,将二氧化碳(CO_(2))、氮气(N2)、硝酸盐(NO_(3)^(-))和亚硝酸盐(NO_(2)-)等广泛分布的小分子和环境污染物转化为高附加值的化学品和燃料受到了广泛关注.然而,工业合成方法通常需要高温高压等极为苛刻的条件并消耗大量的能量(如Haber-Bosch和Bosch-Meiser方法分别用于合成氨(NH3)和尿素),这加剧了能源危机和环境污染.因此,在常温常压下,由可再生的电能驱动的电化学催化小分子转化为高附加值化学品被认为是最有前途的能量储存和转化技术之一,它为缓解日益严重的环境问题和能源危机提供了契机.本文系统地总结了近年来在常温常压下电催化CO_(2)与含氮小分子(N2,NH3,NO_(2)-和NO_(3)^(-))共还原合成高附加值的含氮肥料(如尿素)和化学品(如酰胺和胺等)的研究进展,尤其是缺陷化学和界面工程与催化活性/选择性之间的构效关系.首先,根据空间尺寸和来源介绍了缺陷的分类,阐述了界面和缺陷之间的内在联系,总结了掺杂、刻蚀、热处理等缺陷构建方法,以及电镜法和谱学法等缺陷表征手段.其次,系统地介绍了通过构建空位(尤其是氧空位)、异原子掺杂、设计单原子催化剂及双原子催化剂等缺陷设计策略来提升电催化碳-氮(C-N)偶联反应合成含氮有机物性能的最新研究进展,阐明了不同缺陷结构对催化剂电子结构和反应物/中间体吸附特征的调控作用.此外,归纳了构建金属/金属界面、金属/碳界面和金属间化合物(合金)等界面工程策略对电催化性能的调控.通过总结经典案例,重点强调了影响目标产物催化性能和选择性的关键因素和描述符.最后,针对目前电催化C-N偶联反应中存在的反应过程复杂、催化机理不明确、副反应严重、目标产物催化活性和选择性较低等挑战,对未来发展趋势提出了展望:(1)采用机器学习、分子模拟计算、密度泛函理论计算等预测并筛选高效的缺陷和界面工程的电催化剂,并对可能的活性位点和反应路径进行预测;(2)优化催化剂制备过程,实现催化剂中不同缺陷和界面的可控合成;(3)发展先进的原位表征技术监测电催化剂表面上的动态变化和识别反应过程中产生的中间体,结合理论计算对电催化C-N耦合反应的催化机理和反应路径进行深入地理解.综上所述,本文系统地总结了通过缺陷和界面工程调控催化剂结构并提高电催化C-N偶联反应合成含氮有机物的策略,并对该领域目前存在的挑战和未来的发展前景进行了展望,为促进电化学C-N偶联反应的工业化应用提供借鉴.

阿魏酸皮肤生理作用及其化妆品包载技术研究进展

阿魏酸具有美白、抗衰、防晒等良好的皮肤生理作用,可作为一种功效原料应用到化妆品中。目前阿魏酸在医药、食品和农业等领域中应用广泛,在化妆品领域还处在研究发展阶段。本文主要从阿魏酸的皮肤生理作用出发,阐述了阿魏酸美白、抗衰、抗氧化等生理活性及其良好的应用前景。但由于阿魏酸在水中的溶解度差,性质不稳定,在化妆品中的应用受到了限制,为此很多研究者用多种方法来改善阿魏酸的应用性。其中,包载技术是将阿魏酸包裹起来添加到化妆品中,不仅能够提高阿魏酸的溶解度,还提高了它在化妆品配方中的配伍性。本文总结归纳了几种常用的包载技术,包括磷脂复合物、纳米乳、环糊精包合物、水凝胶、分子笼等,为阿魏酸在化妆品中的研发和应用提供重要参考。

国内药学科技核心期刊现状研究

目的分析我国机构主办的药学核心期刊的特点与现状,以提高药学期刊的利用度、质量和传播效果,为科学评价和期刊质量管理提供依据,为广大读者选择核心期刊、重点阅读与投稿提供参考。方法收集2023年中国科学技术信息研究所编写的《中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)》中国内机构主办的药学期刊数据。分析我国机构主办的药学期刊的特点与现状,调查药学期刊被科技核心目录收录的数量、引用频次、影响因子、地区分布情况。结果共检索到48本国内机构主办的药学科技核心期刊,出版周期以月刊为主(52.08%)。中国药学会为参与主办核心期刊最多的机构(15本);数量上,北京地区15本药学核心期刊排名第1,排名第2~4分别为:上海(6本)、湖北(4本)、江苏(4本);重庆平均总被引频次3123次,平均总被引频次最高。结论药学核心期刊分布呈现北京、上海等经济发达地区优势明显的状况。中国药学会、中国药科大学及中国医学科学院等机构主办药学学术期刊较多,有较为完善的办刊体系及丰富的办刊经验,其他地区可结合自身特点,借鉴办刊经验,加强药学期刊质量建设,推动药学期刊高质量繁荣发展。

Synthesis,crystallographic characterization,and potential application of fullerene anisole derivatives as nitrocellulose stabilizer

A series of fullerene anisole derivative stabilizers was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction using hexachlorofullerene and benzyl alcohol as raw materials to extend the service duration of nitrocellulose(NC)-based propellants.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction,nuclear magnetic resonance,highresolution mass spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to characterize the structures of the synthesized fullerene anisole derivative stabilizers.Methyl violet,differential scanning calorimetry test,isothermal weight loss,vacuum stability test,and adiabatic accelerated test were used to study their compatibility with NC and their ability to stabilize NC.The results show that the designed and synthesized novel fullerene anisole derivative stabilizer has good compatibility with NC,and their overall stabilizing effects on NC are better than those of the traditional stabilizers,diphenylamine(DPA),and N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-diphenylurea(C2).The stabilizing effects was ranked as:3b>2d>2a>2c>C2>2b>DPA>NC.In addition,FT-IR analysis and electron spin resonance spectroscopy were applied to explore the stability mechanism of fullerene-based stabilizers to NC.The results reveal that the new fullerene stabilizer can adsorb and effectively eliminate the nitrogen oxide free radicals generated by NC degradation;therefore,it can forbid the autocatalytic degradation of NC and stabilize NC.

缺陷辅助表面修饰提高g-C_3N_4@C-TiO_2直接Z型异质结的可见光光催化性能（英文）

光催化技术被认为是解决能源和环境问题的最有前途方法之一.较高光催化活性的石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)及碳掺杂TiO_2(C-TiO_2)的制备及性能一直是环境光催化研究的热点,然而,单一光催化剂存在光生电子空穴易复合及量子效率低等问题.本课题组曾通过简单的水辅助煅烧法成功制备了纳米多孔g-C_3N_4,结果发现,多孔g-C_3N_4光催化活性较体相的明显提高,但光催化效率仍不够理想,原因是光生电子空穴复合较严重.传统的制备C-TiO_2的方法亦存在一些不足,如需要添加碳源或碳组分聚集体.我们采用原位掺杂的方法合成了含有一定氧空位和活性位的纳米碳改性的C-TiO_2,后辅以简单的化学气相沉积法构建了g-C_3N_4表面修饰的g-C_3N_4@C-TiO_2.结果表明,相比纯g-C_3N_4, TiO_2及C-TiO_2,g-C_3N_4@C-TiO_2具有更高的光催化活性;但其原因及碳掺杂态的影响尚不清楚.基于此,本文采用X射线光电子能谱技术(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、光致发光谱(PL)、电子顺磁共振技术(EPR)及理论计算等手段研究了g-C_3N_4@C-TiO_2光催化活性提高的原因和机理.XPS结果表明,随着碳含量的增加,间隙掺杂产生的O-C键的峰值强度先增大后趋于稳定,而晶格取代掺杂产生的Ti-C键的峰值强度逐渐增大.Ti-O峰的减少进一步证明了更多的碳取代了氧晶格的位置.随着碳掺杂量的增加,C-TiO_2的带隙逐渐减小,因而吸收边红移;同时, g-C_3N_4@C-TiO_2的光催化降解效率先升高后降低. g-C_3N_4@C-TiO_2对RhB(苯酚)光降解的最大表观速率常数为0.036(0.039)min-1,分别是纯TiO_2, 10C-TiO_2, g-C_3N_4和g-C_3N_4@TiO_2的150(139), 6.4(6.8), 2.3(3)和1.7(2.1)倍.g-C_3N_4通过π-共轭和氢键与C-TiO_2表面紧密结合,在催化剂中引入了新的非局域杂质能级和表面态,可以更有效地分离和转移光生电子,因而光催化活性增加.由此可见,碳掺杂状态和g-C_3N_4原位沉积表面改性对g-C_3N_4@C-TiO_2复合光催化剂性能的影响很大.

三元单体可控接枝聚氯乙烯纤维吸附剂的吸铀性能

以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基材,利用电子转移活化再生原子转移自由基聚合法(ARGET-ATRP)在PVC上引入丙烯腈(AN)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和二乙烯基苯(DVB),合成了具有高强度、高接枝率(1052%)的PVC-AO-MMA-DVB三元共聚吸附剂。并探究了PVC-AO-MMA-DVB三元共聚吸附剂在不同固液比、不同p H、不同温度等实验条件下对铀酰离子U(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明,在固液比为1/2时,吸附量达到最高;偕胺肟吸附剂吸附铀酰离子的最佳p H范围为5. 0～5. 5;由动力学分析,PVC-AO-MMA-DVB三元共聚吸附剂吸附铀酰离子过程伴随着物理吸附和化学吸附,化学吸附占优。

二维材料最新研究进展

Research on two-dimensional(2D) materials has been explosively increasing in last seventeen years in varying subjects including condensed matter physics, electronic engineering, materials science, and chemistry since the mechanical exfoliation of graphene in 2004. Starting from graphene, 2D materials now have become a big family with numerous members and diverse categories. The unique structural features and physicochemical properties of 2D materials make them one class of the most appealing candidates for a wide range of potential applications. In particular, we have seen some major breakthroughs made in the field of 2D materials in last five years not only in developing novel synthetic methods and exploring new structures/properties but also in identifying innovative applications and pushing forward commercialisation. In this review, we provide a critical summary on the recent progress made in the field of 2D materials with a particular focus on last five years. After a brief backgroundintroduction, we first discuss the major synthetic methods for 2D materials, including the mechanical exfoliation, liquid exfoliation, vapor phase deposition, and wet-chemical synthesis as well as phase engineering of 2D materials belonging to the field of phase engineering of nanomaterials(PEN). We then introduce the superconducting/optical/magnetic properties and chirality of 2D materials along with newly emerging magic angle 2D superlattices. Following that, the promising applications of 2D materials in electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, energy storage, solar cells, biomedicine, sensors, environments, etc. are described sequentially. Thereafter, we present the theoretic calculations and simulations of 2D materials. Finally, after concluding the current progress, we provide some personal discussions on the existing challenges and future outlooks in this rapidly developing field.

Clinical effects of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture on neurological impairment following cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND: Although the curative effects of acupuncture have been confirmed by various treatments of cerebral infarction, few studies have investigated when acupuncture can attain the best clinical effect. OBJECTIVE: Four different time points were selected for acupuncture treatment of cerebral infarction to evaluate the appropriate time course for Xingnao Kaiqiao therapy in terms of improved neurological function. DESIGN: Controlled observation. SETTING: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese Armed Police Forces. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 120 inpatients with cerebral infarction of different stages, including 75 males and 45 females, aged 41-75 years, were selected from November 2005 to December 2006 at the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy in Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese Armed Police Forces. Diagnostic criteria: in accordance with "main points of diagnosis on different cerebrovascular disease" secondly revised in the Second Cerebrovascular Disease Academic Meeting of Chinese Medicine Association in 1986. All accepted subjects provided confirmed consent, and the experiment received ethical permission from the hospital’s ethics committee. METHODS: ① Experiment grouping: All inpatients were divided into four groups with non-stochastic concurrent control method according to the disease course: Group I (onset within 7 hours), group Ⅱ (onset from 7 hours to 3 days), group Ⅲ (onset within 4-7 days), and group Ⅳ (onset within 21-180 days). On the basis of symptomatic treatment with western medicine, each group received Xingnao Kaiqiao therapy after onset within 7 hours, 7 hours to 3 days, 4 to 7days, and 21 to 180 days. ② The principal acupoints were Neiguan, Renzhong, and Sanyinjiao. ③ The auxiliary acupoints were Jiquan, Chize, and Weizhong. ④Acupuncture manipulations: initially, Neiguan (PC6, bilateral) was needled at 0.5-1.0 cun vertically with a reducing technique achieved by rotating-swirling and lifting-inserting for 1 minute. Subsequently, Renzhong (GV26) was needled at 0.3-0.5 cun obliquely towards the nasal septum, with a heavy bird-pecking method until eyeballs were moist or shed tears. Sanyinjiao (SP6, affected limb) was needled at 1.0-1.5 cun obliquely along the medial border of the tibia with a 45° angle between the needle and skin. The technique of reinforcing was achieved by a lifting-inserting method until the affected lower limb twitched three times. The auxiliary acupoint, Jiquan, was selected when the patient extended the affected upper limb abduction. Jiquan was along the downward channel, 1 cun from the quondam Jiquan (HT1) acupoint; the armpit hair was avoided. Jiquan (affected limb) was needled vertically at 1.0-1.5 cun. The technique of reduction was achieved by lifting-inserting until the affected upper limb twitched three times. Chize (LU5) was selected when the patient flexed the elbow at 120°. Chize was vertically needled at 1 cun with a lifting-inserting reducing technique until the affected forearm and fingers twitched three times. Weizhong (BL40) was selected when the patient’s leg was raised straight in a supine position. Weizhong was vertically needled at 0.5-1.0 cun with a lifting-inserting reducing technique until the affected lower limb twitched three times. ⑤ Acupuncture manipulations were achieved by the doctor who is an associate chief physician and doctor of acupuncture and moxibustion and has aptitude for the post’s specification. ⑥One course of treatment lasted for 10 days and each group was treated for two courses of treatment. ⑦Experiment evaluation: To apply neurological impairment scores for evaluating clinical curative effects before and after treatment with Xingnao Kaiqiao therapy on day 7, 14, and 21(range of 0-45; decreasing score indicates functional improvement).To evaluate clinical curative effect by clinical effective power:Basic recovery: equal to ormore than 81%; significant improvement: 56% to 81% (including 56%); Improvement: between 36% to 56% (including 36%); Slight Improvement: 11% to 36% (including 11%); No change: less than 11%; Aggravation (including death): negative value. Total effective rate was computed at the same time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The total effective rate and amelioration of neurological impairment of the patients after treatment. RESULTS: All 120 patients with cerebral infarction were included in the final analysis, without deletion. ① Comparison of the total effective rate: the total effective rate of group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ, group Ⅲ, and group Ⅳ was 97%, 93%, 93%, and 67%, respectively. There were significant differences of interclass synthetic curative effects (χ2 = 36.351 7, P < 0.01). ② Amelioration of neurological impairment: A decreased neurological impairment score was observed in group I on day 7, 14, and 21 after Xingnao Kaiqiao therapy. The differences between group IV and the remaining three groups were significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Xingnao Kaiqiao therapy is helpful for amelioration of neurological impairment in patients during the acute stage cerebral infarction.

Could more innovation output bring better financial performance?The role of financial constraints

Innovation scholars highlight the economic benefits to firms,while research findings on the relationship between innovation output and economic returns remain mixed.In this study,we develop the profiting from innovation(PFI)framework and address the crucial role of financial constraints in the relationship between innovation output and financial performance.We argue that the liability of newness differentiates firms’financial performance during the commercialization of innovation,leading to a U-shaped relationship between firms’innovation output and financial performance.We further document the moderating impact of individual financial constraints(IFC)and market-based financial constraints(MFC)on this curvilinear relationship.Empirical tests based on the 142,972 firm-year observations of the multi-source dataset of Chinese manufacturing firms from 1999–2009 support our hypotheses.The additional analysis shows that non-state-owned enterprises and small and medium enterprises benefit more from the synergistic effect of reductions of IFC and MFC than state-owned enterprises and large firms.Our study enriches the literature of the PFI framework by uncovering the mechanism between innovation output and economic returns where financial constraints play an essential role.To the best of our knowledge,we are among the first to investigate the processes and mechanisms between innovation output and financial performance,generating novel insights for business practitioners and policymakers.

Inherited Genetic Susceptibility to Nonimmunosuppressed Epstein-Barr Virus-associated T/NK-cell Lymphoproliferative Diseases in Chinese Patients

Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases are characterized by clonal expansion of EBV-infected T or NK cells,including chronic active EBV infection of T/NK-cell type(CAEBVT/NK),EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(EBV HLH),extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type(ENKTL),and aggressive NK-cell leukemia(ANKL).However,the role of inherited genetic variants to EBV+T/NK-LPDs susceptibility is still unknown.A total of 171 nonimmunosuppressed patients with EBV T/NK-LPDs and 104 healthy donors were retrospectively collected and a targeted sequencing study covering 15 genes associated with lymphocyte cytotoxicity was performed.The 94 gene variants,mostly located in UNCI 3D,LYST,ITK,and PRF1 genes were detected,and mutations covered 28/50(56.00%)of CAEBV-T/NK,31/51(60.78%)of EBV HLH,13/28(46.42%)of ENKTL,and 13/48(27.09%)of ANKL.Most mutations represented monoallelic and missense.Three-year overall survival rate of patients with CAEBV-T/NK and EBV+HLH was significantly lower in patients with germline mutations than in those without germline mutations(P=0.0284,P=0.0137).Our study provided novel insights into understanding a spectrum of nonimmunosuppressed EBV*T/NK-LPDs with respect to genetic defects associated with lymphocyte cytotoxicity and reminded us that the gene sequencing may be an auxiliary test for diagnosis and risk stratification of EBV+T/NK-LPDs.

UNIQUENESS PROBLEM FOR SPDES FROM POPULATION MODELS

This is a survey on the strong uniqueness of the solutions to stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) related to two measure-valued processes: superprocess and Fleming-Viot process which are given as rescaling limits of population biology models. We summarize recent results for Konno-Shiga-Reimers1 and Mytnik's SPDEs, and their related distribution-function-valued SPDEs.

A novel thermomechanically stable LaF_3–CsH_5(PO_4)_2 composite electrolyte with high proton conductivity at elevated temperatures over 150 °C

A facile strategy is introduced to upgrade thermomechanical stability of the cesium pentahydrogen diphosphate(CPD), which is the most efficient inorganic electrolyte among all solid proton conductors,by constructing P–OH···F hydrogen bonds with lanthanum fluoride(LaF_3). The optimal combination of the LaF_3–CPD composite electrolyte is found to be 1:2 in a molar ratio(LaF_3–CPD-2). LaF_3–CPD-2 composite maintains robust solid state, even at a temperature up to 200 °C, which is 50 °C higher than the melting temperature of CPD. Meanwhile, the considerable proton conductivity of CPD is achieved in the LaF_3–CPD-2 composite electrolyte due to the synergistic effect of the P–OH···F hydrogen bonds and the intrinsic proton conductive property of CPD. Last but not least, the LaF_3–CPD-2 composite manifests excellent conductivity durability at 150 °C and low humidity condition with sizeable proton conductivity of0.0262 S cm^(-1) after 60 h operation, implying that the LaF_3–CPD composite could be a promising candidate for intermediate temperature proton conductors.

Fabrication of long-length ion beam-assisted deposited MgO templates for YBCO-coated conductors

The biaxially textured ion beam-assisted deposited(IBAD)-MgO templates were successfully prepared on polycrystalline Hastelloy metal substrate with reel-to-reel system for YB2Cu3O7-d(YBCO)-coated conductors.By the solution deposition planarization technique,amorphous Y2O3films were coated on untreated Hastelloy substrate as the bed layer to obtain smooth,dense,and crack-free surface for subsequent IBAD-MgO deposition.The 50 m long IBAD-MgO and homo-epitaxial(epi)-MgO buffer layers deposited on Y2O3films exhibit excellent crystallographic consistency along the scope with full width half maximum(FWHM)values of(110)DU and(200)Dx in the range of 5.5°–6.0°and3.0°–3.5°,respectively.To match the lattice constant of YBCO material,LaMnO3cap layer was fabricated on IBAD-MgO templates by radio frequency(rf)magnetron sputtering with the FWHM values of in-plane and out-ofplane of 6.8°and 3.7°,respectively,indicating excellent biaxial texture.

Modulation of the second-harmonic generation in MoS_(2) by graphene covering

Nonlinear optical frequency mixing,which describes new frequencies generation by exciting nonlinear materials with intense light field,has drawn vast interests in the field of photonic devices,material characterization,and optical imaging.Investigating and manipulating the nonlinear optical response of target materials lead us to reveal hidden physics and develop applications in optical devices.Here,we report the realization of facile manipulation of nonlinear optical responses in the example system of MoS_(2) monolayer by van der Waals interfacial engineering.We found that,the interfacing of monolayer graphene will weaken the exciton oscillator strength in MoS_(2) monolayer and correspondingly suppress the second harmonic generation(SHG)intensity to 30%under band-gap resonance excitation.While with off-resonance excitation,the SHG intensity would enhance up to 130%,which is conjectured to be induced by the interlayer excitation between MoS_(2) and graphene.Our investigation provides an effective method for controlling nonlinear optical properties of two-dimensional materials and therefore facilitates their future applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices.

Modulation of carrier lifetime in MoS2 monolayer by uniaxial strain

Carrier lifetime is one of the most fundamental physical parameters that characterizes the average time of carrier recombination in any material.The control of carrier lifetime is the key to optimizing the device function by tuning the electro-optical conversion quantum yield,carrier diffusion length,carrier collection process,etc.Till now,the prevailing modulation methods are mainly by defect engineering and temperature control,which have limitations in the modulation direction and amplitude of the carrier lifetime.Here,we report an effective modulation on the ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited carriers in two-dimensional(2D)MoS2 monolayer by uniaxial tensile strain.The combination of optical ultrafast pump-probe technique and time-resolved photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy reveals that the carrier dynamics through Auger scattering,carrier-phonon scattering,and radiative recombination keep immune to the strain.But strikingly,the uniaxial tensile strain weakens the trapping of photoexcited carriers by defects and therefore prolongs the corresponding carrier lifetime up to 440%per percent applied strain.Our results open a new avenue to enlarge the carrier lifetime of 2D MoS2,which will facilitate its applications in high-efficient optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium in children undergoing cleft lip or cleft palate repair surgery

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics(PK) and pharmacodynamics(PD) profile of cisatracurium in 0-2 years and 2-5 years old children patients with cheilopalatognathus,to find if there are some connections between the different muscle relaxation action and different PK procedure.METHODS 14 children patients were divided into two groups,≤2 years and 2-5 years group,venous samples were taken before injection of a 0.15 mg·kg-1 dose of cisatracurium and then at 2,5,10,30,60,90,and 120 min.Cisatracurium plasma concentrations were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer system(UPLC/MS/MS).The degree of neuromuscular block was measured by train of four(TOF) testing.An indirect PK-PD link model with a sigmoid E max model was established using Win Nonlin software.The model were applied to PK and PD data analysis,respectively.RESULTS The TOF monitor parameters showed that cisatracurium works very quickly,the onset time were(2.64±0.93) min and(2.59 ± 0.90) min for ≤2 years and 2-5 years group respectively.Young children ≤2 years have longer muscle blocking duration time(62.5 ± 6.01 min vs 53.86 ± 12.18 min) and slower recovery index(32.14±7.10 min and 27.43±10.63 min) than those children in group of 2-5 years.More children ≤2 years have postoperative complication than that in 2-5 children.PK parameters showed that there were no statistical differences in blood concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters.While the concentration of cisatracurium in muscle site calculated by using PK/PD model were higher and longer for ≤2 year children than that of 2-5 year children.This means that cisatracurium could stay at high concentration for a longer time in younger children' muscle tissue.CONCLUSION As a result young children tend to have postoperative complications related to slower muscle recovery action and increased concentration in skeletal muscle.So more careful observation and monitor are needed for younger children,our study could be of use in clinical practice for the administration of cisatracurium to children patients.

Construction of Eukaryotic Expression Vector of OsVDAC5 and Its Expression in Yeast

[Objective] This study aimed to construct the eukaryotic expression vector of OsVDAC5 from rice and investigate its expression in Pichia pastoris.[Method] Osvdac5 gene was ligated to yeast expression vector pPIC3.5K and inserted into Pichia pastoris GS115 with electroporation to obtain positive recombinant yeast strains. Osvdac5 gene was expressed in yeast after induced with 0.5% methanol, and the specificity of expressed protein was identified by western blotting.[Result] Eukaryotic expression vector Osvdac5∷pPIC3.5K was successfully constructed and transformed into yeast GS115 for the induced expression, and the expressed protein was detected by Western Blotting, which was identified as OsVDAC5.[Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for further investigating the functions of OsVDAC5 protein.

基层医院开展超声引导下微创经皮肾穿刺取石术体会

目的:探讨基层医院开展超声引导下微创经皮肾穿刺的可行性及安全性。方法:分析283例肾结石、输尿管上段结石在超声引导下微创经皮肾穿刺的临床资料,其中鹿角形结石32例,多发性肾结石82例,单发性肾结石85例;输尿管上段结石54例;肾结石并发同侧输尿管上段结石30例,合并肾功能异常151例。对术前评估、术中出血量、中转开腹原因、术后残石率、二次手术及住院天数进行分析。结果:283例患者均行一期碎石术,石清除率86.5%,平均手术时间110 min,平均出血量约200 ml,平均住院11 d,其中5例行输血,7例中转开放手术取石,全组患者无肾脏切除及手术后死亡病例。结论:基层医院开展超声引导下经皮肾穿刺取石术是可行的,但需充分准备才能保证医疗安全。

The genome-wide meiotic recombination landscape in ciliates and its implications for crossover regulation and genome evolution

Meiotic recombination is essential for sexual reproduction and its regulation has been extensively studied in many taxa.However,genome-wide recombination landscape has not been reported in ciliates and it remains unknown how it is affected by the unique features of ciliates:the synaptonemal complex(SC)-independent meiosis and the nuclear dimorphism.Here,we show the recombination landscape in the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila by analyzing single-nucleotide polymorphism datasets from 38 hybrid progeny.We detect 1021 crossover(CO)events(35.8 per meiosis),corresponding to an overall CO rate of 9.9 cM/Mb.However,gene conversion by non-crossover is rare(1.03 per meiosis)and not biased towards G or C alleles.Consistent with the reported roles of SC in CO interference,we find no obvious sign of CO interference.CO tends to occur within germ-soma common genomic regions and many of the 44 identified CO hotspots localize at the centromeric or subtelomeric regions.Gene ontology analyses show that CO hotspots are strongly associated with genes responding to environmental changes.We discuss these results with respect to how nuclear dimorphism has potentially driven the formation of the observed recombination landscape to facilitate environmental adaptation and the sharing of machinery among meiotic and somatic recombination.