Legumes have evolved specific inventions to enhance nitrogen(N)acquisition by establishing symbiotic interactions with N-fixing rhizobial bacteria.Because symbiotic N fixation is energetically costly,legumes have deve...Legumes have evolved specific inventions to enhance nitrogen(N)acquisition by establishing symbiotic interactions with N-fixing rhizobial bacteria.Because symbiotic N fixation is energetically costly,legumes have developed sophisticated mechanisms to ensure carbon-nitrogen balance,in a variable environment,both locally and at the whole plant level,by monitoring nodule number,nodule development,and nodular nitrogenase activity,as well as controlling nodule senescence.Studies of the autoregulation of nodulation and regulation of nodulation by nodule inception(NIN)and NIN-LIKE PROTEINs(NLPs)have provided great insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the nitrateinduced regulation of root nodulation for adapting to N availability in the rhizosphere.However,many aspects of N-induced pleiotropic regulation remain to be fully explained,such as N-triggered senescence in mature nodules.Wang et al.determined that this process is governed by a transcriptional network regulated by NAC-type transcription factors.Characterization and dissection of these soybean nitrogenassociated NAPs(SNAPs)transcription factor-mastered networks have yielded a roadmap for exploring how legumes rewire nodule functions across a range of N levels,laying the foundation for enhancing the growth of N-deprived crops in agricultural settings.展开更多
The establishment of symbiotic nitrogen fixation requires the coordination of both nodule development and infection events.Despite the evolution of a variety of anatomical structures,nodule organs serve a common purpo...The establishment of symbiotic nitrogen fixation requires the coordination of both nodule development and infection events.Despite the evolution of a variety of anatomical structures,nodule organs serve a common purpose in establishing a localized area that facilitates efficient nitrogen fixation.As in all plant developmental processes,the establishment of a new nodule organ is regulated by plant hormones.During nodule initiation,regulation of plant hormone signaling is one of the major targets of symbiotic signaling.We review the role of major developmental hormones in the initiation of the nodule organ and argue that the manipulation of plant hormones is a key requirement for engineering nitrogen fixation in non-legumes as the basis for improved food security and sustainability.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.32300216)(PL).
文摘Legumes have evolved specific inventions to enhance nitrogen(N)acquisition by establishing symbiotic interactions with N-fixing rhizobial bacteria.Because symbiotic N fixation is energetically costly,legumes have developed sophisticated mechanisms to ensure carbon-nitrogen balance,in a variable environment,both locally and at the whole plant level,by monitoring nodule number,nodule development,and nodular nitrogenase activity,as well as controlling nodule senescence.Studies of the autoregulation of nodulation and regulation of nodulation by nodule inception(NIN)and NIN-LIKE PROTEINs(NLPs)have provided great insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the nitrateinduced regulation of root nodulation for adapting to N availability in the rhizosphere.However,many aspects of N-induced pleiotropic regulation remain to be fully explained,such as N-triggered senescence in mature nodules.Wang et al.determined that this process is governed by a transcriptional network regulated by NAC-type transcription factors.Characterization and dissection of these soybean nitrogenassociated NAPs(SNAPs)transcription factor-mastered networks have yielded a roadmap for exploring how legumes rewire nodule functions across a range of N levels,laying the foundation for enhancing the growth of N-deprived crops in agricultural settings.
基金support from the project Engineering Nitrogen Symbiosis for Africa(ENSA)currently supported through a grant to the University of Cambridge by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation and the UK government’s Department for International Development(DFID)funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and innovaWon program(grant agreement no.834221).
文摘The establishment of symbiotic nitrogen fixation requires the coordination of both nodule development and infection events.Despite the evolution of a variety of anatomical structures,nodule organs serve a common purpose in establishing a localized area that facilitates efficient nitrogen fixation.As in all plant developmental processes,the establishment of a new nodule organ is regulated by plant hormones.During nodule initiation,regulation of plant hormone signaling is one of the major targets of symbiotic signaling.We review the role of major developmental hormones in the initiation of the nodule organ and argue that the manipulation of plant hormones is a key requirement for engineering nitrogen fixation in non-legumes as the basis for improved food security and sustainability.
