Perovskite-like oxide La2-xSrxCuO4 （x = 0, 1） single crystallites with microrod-like morphologies and tetragonal crystal structures were prepared hydrothermally at 240 ℃ with poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） or hexa...Perovskite-like oxide La2-xSrxCuO4 （x = 0, 1） single crystallites with microrod-like morphologies and tetragonal crystal structures were prepared hydrothermally at 240 ℃ with poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） or hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） as a surfactant and after calcination at 850 ℃. The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized by means of XRD, BET, SEM, TEM/SAED （selected-area electron diffraction）, XPS and H2-TPR techniques. It is found that doping Sr2＋ to La2CuO4 lattice enhanced the catalytic activity for methane combustion and the LaSrCuO4 catalyst derived from PEG is the best among the tested ones. It is concluded that factors, such as adsorbed oxygen species concentration, reducibility and surface area, determined the catalytic performance of such single-crystalline materials.展开更多
The PdPtVO_(x)/CeO_(2)-ZrO_(2)(PdPtVO_(x)/CZO)catalysts were obtained by using different approaches,and their physical and chemical properties were determined by various techniques.Catalytic activities of these materi...The PdPtVO_(x)/CeO_(2)-ZrO_(2)(PdPtVO_(x)/CZO)catalysts were obtained by using different approaches,and their physical and chemical properties were determined by various techniques.Catalytic activities of these materials in the presence of H_(2)O or SO_(2)were evaluated for the oxidation of ethylbenzene(EB).The PdPtVO_(x)/CZO sample exhibited high catalytic activity,good hydrothermal stability,and reversible sulfur dioxide-poisoning performance,over which the specific reaction rate at 160℃,turnover frequency at 160℃(TOF_(Pd or Pt)),and apparent activation energy were 72.6 mmol/(g_(Pt)·sec)or 124.2 mmol/(g_(Pd)·sec),14.2 sec^(-1)(TOF_(Pt))or 13.1 sec^(-1)(TOF_(Pd)),and 58 k J/mol,respectively.The large EB adsorption capacity,good reducibility,and strong acidity contributed to the good catalytic performance of PdPtVO_(x)/CZO.Catalytic activity of PdPtVO_(x)/CZO decreased when 50 ppm SO_(2)or(1.0 vol.%H_(2)O+50 ppm SO_(2))was added to the feedstock,but was gradually restored to its initial level after the SO_(2)was cut off.The good reversible sulfur dioxide-resistant performance of PdPtVO_(x)/CZO was associated with the facts:(i)the introduction of SO_(2)leads to an increase in surface acidity;(ii)V can adsorb and activate SO_(2),thus accelerating formation of the SO_(x)^(2-)(x=3 or 4)species at the V and CZO sites,weakening the adsorption of sulfur species at the PdPt active sites,and hence protecting the PdPt active sites to be not poisoned by SO_(2).EB oxidation over PdPtVO_(x)/CZO might take place via the route of EB→styrene→phenyl methyl ketone→benzaldehyde→benzoic acid→maleic anhydride→CO_(2)and H_(2)O.展开更多
The cubic S/N co-doped TiO_(2)(TNSx,x is the calcination temperature)photocatalysts with rich oxygen vacancies were obtained by high temperature calcination of sulfur powder and titanium-based MOFs NH_(2)-MIL-125 for ...The cubic S/N co-doped TiO_(2)(TNSx,x is the calcination temperature)photocatalysts with rich oxygen vacancies were obtained by high temperature calcination of sulfur powder and titanium-based MOFs NH_(2)-MIL-125 for the photocatalytic removal of gaseous formaldehyde(a volatile organic compound).Among the obtained catalysts,the presence of oxygen vacancies restricted photogenerated electron and holes recombination.98.00%removal of gaseous formaldehyde in 150 min could be achieved over TNS600 by xenon lamp.The removal efficiency for formaldehyde was well retained for five cycle experiment.The results from PL,TRPL and EIS revealed that TNS600 had the best separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes,and the enhanced charge separation led to a significant increase in photocatalytic activity.The photocatalytic oxidation mechanism indicated that the ^(•)OH and ^(•)O_(2)−radicals were mainly involved in the efficient elimination of gaseous formaldehyde and were able to mineralize formaldehyde to H_(2)O and CO_(2).展开更多
A novel La-Co-O-C (LC-C) composites were prepared via a facile co-hydrothermal route with oxides and glycerol and further optimized for methane catalytic activity and thermal stability via component regulation.It was ...A novel La-Co-O-C (LC-C) composites were prepared via a facile co-hydrothermal route with oxides and glycerol and further optimized for methane catalytic activity and thermal stability via component regulation.It was demonstrated that Co3O_(4)phase was the main component in regulation.The combined results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),temperature-programmed desorption of oxygen (O_(2)-TPD),temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H_(2)-TPR),temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia/carbon dioxide (NH_(3)/CO_(2)-TPD) revealed that component regulation led to more oxygen vacancies and exposure of surface Co_(2)+,lower surface basicity and optimized acidity,which were beneficial for adsorption of active oxygen species and activation of methane molecules,resulting in the excellent catalytic oxidation performance.Especially,the (3.5)LC-C (3.5 is Co-to-La molar ratio) showed the optimum activity and the T50and T90(the temperature at which the CH_(4)conversion rate was 50%and 90%,respectively) were 318 and 367℃,respectively.Using theoretical calculations and in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy characterization,it was also found that the catalytic mechanism changes from the “Rideal-Eley” mechanism to the “Two-term” mechanism depending on the temperature windows in which the reaction takes place.Besides,the use of the “Flynn-Wall-Ozawa” model in thermoanalytical kinetics revealed that component regulation simultaneously optimized the decomposition activation energy,further expanding the application scope of carboncontaining composites.展开更多
Volatile organic compounds(VOCs),methane,carbon monoxide,soot,automotive exhaust,and nitrogen oxides are harmful to the atmosphere and human health.It is urgent to strictly control their emissions.Heterogeneous cataly...Volatile organic compounds(VOCs),methane,carbon monoxide,soot,automotive exhaust,and nitrogen oxides are harmful to the atmosphere and human health.It is urgent to strictly control their emissions.Heterogeneous catalysis is an effective pathway for the removal of these pollutants,and the critical issue is the development of novel and high-performance catalysts.In this review,we briefly summarize the preparation methods,physicochemical properties,catalytic activities,and related reaction mechanisms for the above pollutants removal of the rare earth oxides,mixed rare earth oxide,rare earth oxidesupported noble metal,and mixed rare earth oxide-supported noble metal catalysts that have been investigated by our group and other researchers.It was found that catalytic performance was associated with the factors,such as specific surface area,pore structure,particle size and dispersion,adsorbed oxygen species concentration,reducibility,reactant activation ability or interaction between metal nanoparticles and support.Furthermore,we also envision the development trend of such a topic in future work.展开更多
α-MnO2 nanotubes and their supported Au-Pd alloy nanocatalysts were prepared using hydrothermal and polyvinyl alcohol-protected reduction methods, respectively. Their catalytic activity for the oxidation of toluene/m...α-MnO2 nanotubes and their supported Au-Pd alloy nanocatalysts were prepared using hydrothermal and polyvinyl alcohol-protected reduction methods, respectively. Their catalytic activity for the oxidation of toluene/m-xylene, acetone/ethyl acetate, acetone/m-xylene and ethyl acetate/m-xylene mixtures was evaluated. It was found that the interaction between Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles and α-MnO2 nanotubes significantly improved the reactivity of lattice oxygen, and the 0.91 wt.% Au0.48 Pd/α-MnO2 nanotube catalyst outperformed the α-MnO2 nanotube catalyst in the oxidation of toluene, m-xylene, ethyl acetate and acetone. Over the0.91 wt.% Au0.48 Pd/α-MnO2 nanotube catalyst,（i） toluene oxidation was greatly inhibited in the toluene/m-xylene mixture, while m-xylene oxidation was not influenced;（ii） acetone and ethyl acetate oxidation suffered a minor impact in the acetone/ethyl acetate mixture; and（iii） m-xylene oxidation was enhanced whereas the oxidation of the oxygenated VOCs（volatile organic compounds） was suppressed in the acetone/m-xylene or ethyl acetate/m-xylene mixtures. The competitive adsorption of these typical VOCs on the catalyst surface induced an inhibitive effect on their oxidation, and increasing the temperature favored the oxidation of the VOCs. The mixed VOCs could be completely oxidized into CO2 and H2 O below 320°C at a space velocity of 40,000 m L/（g·hr）. The 0.91 wt.% Au0.48 Pd/α-MnO2 nanotube catalyst exhibited high catalytic stability as well as good tolerance to water vapor and CO2 in the oxidation of the VOC mixtures. Thus, the α-MnO2 nanotube-supported noble metal alloy catalysts hold promise for the efficient elimination of VOC mixtures.展开更多
Monoclinic BiVO4 with multiple morphologies and/or porous structures were fabricated using the hydrothermal strategy. The materials were characterized by means of the XRD, Raman, TGA/DSC, SEM, XPS, and UV-Vis techniqu...Monoclinic BiVO4 with multiple morphologies and/or porous structures were fabricated using the hydrothermal strategy. The materials were characterized by means of the XRD, Raman, TGA/DSC, SEM, XPS, and UV-Vis techniques. The photocatalytic activities of the BiVO4 materials were evaluated for the degradation of Methyl Orange under visible-light irradiation. It is observed that pH value and surfactant exerted a great effect on the morphology and pore structure of the BiVO4 product. Spherical BiVO4 with porous structures, flower-cluster-like BiVO4, and flower-bundle-like BiVO4 were generated hydrothermally at 100°C with poly（vinyl pyrrolidone） （PVP） and urea （pH = 2） and at 160°C with NaHCO3 （pH = 7 and 8）, respectively. The PVP-derived BiVO4 showed much higher surface areas （5.0-8.4 m2/g） and narrower bandgap energies （2.45-2.49 eV）. The best photocatalytic performance of the spherical BiVO4 material with a surface area of 8.4 m2/g was associated with its higher surface area, narrower bandgap energy, higher surface oxygen vacancy density, and unique porous architecture.展开更多
High-surface-area and well-ordered mesoporous Fe-incorporated SBA-15(xFe-SBA-15)and SBA-15-supported FeOx(yFeOx/SBA-15)with the Fe surface density between 0.09 to 1.11 Fe-atom/nm2have been prepared using the one-step ...High-surface-area and well-ordered mesoporous Fe-incorporated SBA-15(xFe-SBA-15)and SBA-15-supported FeOx(yFeOx/SBA-15)with the Fe surface density between 0.09 to 1.11 Fe-atom/nm2have been prepared using the one-step synthesis and incipient wetness impregnation methods,respectively.Physicochemical properties of these materials were characterized by means of numerous techniques,and their catalytic activities for the combustion of toluene were evaluated.It is found that the xFe-SBA-15 and yFeOx/SBA-15 samples possessed rod-or chain-like morphologies.The Fe species were of high dispersion when the Fe surface density was lower than0.76 Fe-atom/nm2in xFe-SBA-15 and 0.64 Fe-atom/nm2in yFeOx/SBA-15.At a similar Fe surface density and space velocity,the xFe-SBA-15 catalysts showed better activity than the yFeOx/SBA-15 catalysts,in which the xFe-SBA-15 catalyst with Fe surface density 0.59 Fe-atom/nm2performed the best.It is concluded that the good performance of the xFe-SBA-15 sample with Fe surface density0.59 Fe-atom/nm2was associated with its large surface area,high Fe species dispersion,and good low-temperature reducibility.展开更多
Porous S-doped bismuth vanadate with an olive-like morphology and its supported iron oxide （y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08, y = 0.06, 0.76, and 1.40） photocatalysts were fabricated using the dodecylamine-assisted alcohol...Porous S-doped bismuth vanadate with an olive-like morphology and its supported iron oxide （y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08, y = 0.06, 0.76, and 1.40） photocatalysts were fabricated using the dodecylamine-assisted alcohol-hydrothermal and incipient wetness impregnation methods, respectively. It is shown that the y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 photocatalysts contained a monoclinic scheetlite BiVO4 phase with a porous olive-like morphology, a surface area of 8.8-9.2 m^2/g, and a bandgap energy of 2.38-2.42 eV. There was co-presence of surface Bi^5＋, Bi^3＋, V^5＋, V^3＋, Fe^3＋, and Fe^2＋ species in y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08. The 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 sample performed the best for Methylene Blue degradation under visible-light illumination. The photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed. We believe that the sulfur and FeOx co-doping, higher oxygen adspecies concentration, and lower baudgap energy were responsible for the excellent visible-light-driven catalytic activity of 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08.展开更多
Three-dimensionally ordered mesoporous Fe2O3（meso-Fe2O3） and its supported Au, Pd,and Au-Pd alloy（xA uP dy/meso-Fe2O3; x = 0.08–0.72 wt.%; Pd/Au molar ratio（y） = 1.48–1.85）photocatalysts have been prepared via...Three-dimensionally ordered mesoporous Fe2O3（meso-Fe2O3） and its supported Au, Pd,and Au-Pd alloy（xA uP dy/meso-Fe2O3; x = 0.08–0.72 wt.%; Pd/Au molar ratio（y） = 1.48–1.85）photocatalysts have been prepared via the KIT-6-templating and polyvinyl alcohol-protected reduction routes, respectively. Physical properties of the samples were characterized, and their photocatalytic activities were evaluated for the photocatalytic oxidation of acetone in the presence of a small amount of H2O2 under visible-light illumination. It was found that the meso-Fe2O3 was rhombohedral in crystal structure. The as-obtained samples displayed a high surface area of 111.0–140.8 m^2/g and a bandgap energy of 1.98–2.12 eV. The Au, Pd and/or Au–Pd alloy nanoparticles（NPs） with a size of 3–4 nm were uniformly dispersed on the surface of the meso-Fe2O3 support. The 0.72 wt.% AuP d1.48/meso-Fe2O3 sample performed the best in the presence of 0.06 mol/L H2O2 aqueous solution, showing a 100% acetone conversion within4 hr of visible-light illumination. It was concluded that the good performance of 0.72 wt.%AuPd（1.48）/meso-Fe2O3 for photocatalytic acetone oxidation was associated with its ordered mesoporous structure, high adsorbed oxygen species concentration, plasmonic resonance effect between AuPd（1.48） NPs and meso-Fe2O3, and effective separation of the photogenerated charge carriers. In addition, the introduction of H2O2 and the involvement of the photo-Fenton process also played important roles in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of 0.72 wt.%AuPd（1.48）/meso-Fe2O3.展开更多
Mesoporous Co3 O4(meso-Co3 O4)-supported Pt(0.53 wt.%Pt/meso-Co304)was synthesized via the KIT-6-templating and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-assisted reduction routes.Mesoporous CoO(meso-CoO)was fabricated through in situ r...Mesoporous Co3 O4(meso-Co3 O4)-supported Pt(0.53 wt.%Pt/meso-Co304)was synthesized via the KIT-6-templating and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-assisted reduction routes.Mesoporous CoO(meso-CoO)was fabricated through in situ reduction of meso-Co304 with glycerol,and the 0.18-0.69 wt.%Pt/meso-CoO samples were generated by the PVA-assisted reduction method.Meso-Co3 O4 and meso-CoO were of cubic crystal structure and the Pt nanoparticles(NPs)with a uniform size of ca.2 nm were well distributed on the mesoCo3 O4 or meso-CoO surface.The 0.56 wt%Pt/meso-CoO(0.56 Pt/meso-CoO)sample performed the best in benzene combustion(T50%=156℃and T90%=186℃at a space velocity of 80,000 mL/(g h)).Introducing water vapor or C02 with a certain concentration led to partial deactivation of 0.56 Pt/meso-CoO and such a deactivation was reversible.We think that the superior catalytic activity of 0.56 Pt/meso-CoO was intimately related to its good oxygen activation and benzene adsorption ability.展开更多
Catalytic combustion is thought as an efficient and economic pathway to remove volatile organic compounds, and its critical issue is the development of high-performance catalytic materials. In this work, we used the i...Catalytic combustion is thought as an efficient and economic pathway to remove volatile organic compounds, and its critical issue is the development of high-performance catalytic materials. In this work, we used the in situ synthesis method to prepare the silicalite-1(S-1)-supported Pd nanoparticles(NPs). It is found that the as-prepared catalysts displayed a hexagonal prism morphology and a surface area of 390-440 m^(2)/g. The sample(0.28Pd/S-1-H)derived after reduction at 500°C in 10 vol% H_(2)showed the best catalytic activity for toluene combustion(T50%= 180℃ and T90%= 189℃ at a space velocity of 40,000 m L/(g·hr), turnover frequency(TOFPd) at 160℃ = 3.46 × 10^(-3)sec^(-1), and specific reaction rate at 160℃ = 63.8μmol/(gPd·sec)), with the apparent activation energy(41 k J/mol) obtained over the bestperforming 0.28Pd/S-1-H sample being much lower than those(51-70 k J/mol) obtained over the other samples(0.28Pd/S-1-A derived from calcination at 500℃ in air, 0.26Pd/S-1-im derived from the impregnation route, and 0.27Pd/ZSM-5-H prepared after reduction at 500℃ in 10 vol% H_(2)). Furthermore, the 0.28Pd/S-1-H sample possessed good thermal stability and its partial deactivation due to CO_(2) or H_(2)O introduction was reversible, but SO_(2) addition resulted in an irreversible deactivation. The possible pathways of toluene oxidation over 0.28Pd/S-1-H was toluene → p-methylbenzoquinone → maleic anhydride, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde → carbon dioxide and water. We conclude that the good dispersion of Pd NPs, high adsorption oxygen species concentration, large toluene adsorption capacity, strong acidity,and more Pd~0 species were responsible for the good catalytic performance of 0.28Pd/S-1-H.展开更多
基金supported by the Ph.D.Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(20131103110002)the NNSF of China(21377008)+2 种基金National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program,2015AA034603)Foundation on the Creative Research Team Con-struction Promotion Project of Beijing Municipal InstitutionsScientific Research Base Construction-Science and Technology Creation Plat-form-National Materials Research Base Construction~~
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51578034,51878023)the Great Wall Scholars Training Program Project of Beijing Municipality Universities(CIT&TCD20180323)+3 种基金the Project of Construction of Innovation Teams and Teacher Career Development for Universities and Colleges Under Beijing Municipality(IDHT20170508)the Beijing Talent Project(2017A38)the Fundamental Research Funds for Beijing Universities(X18075/X18076/X18124/X18125/X18276)the Scientific Research Foundation of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture(KYJJ2017033/KYJJ2017008)~~
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21677004,21876006,and 21622701)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,2015AA034603)~~
文摘甲醇是重要的化工原料和溶剂,也是一种典型的挥发性有机物(VOCs),其排放会对人体和大气环境造成危害.迄今为止,最有效的消除低浓度VOCs的方法是催化氧化.该方法具有VOCs去除效率高、起燃温度低、设备简单且无二次污染等优点.众所周知,负载贵金属催化剂对VOCs氧化显示良好的低温活性,但反应气流中的水分会降低贵金属的催化性能.研究表明,与单一贵金属催化剂相比,贵金属合金催化剂不仅具有高的催化活性,而且还具有良好的水热稳定性.尽管已有文献报道了二元贵金属合金催化剂对VOCs的催化氧化,然而VOCs在三元贵金属合金上催化氧化的研究则较少.本文采用三维有序介孔结构的二氧化硅(KIT-6)硬模板法和聚乙烯醇保护的硼氢化钠还原法制备了0.68 wt%和0.93 wt%Ag_0.51Au_0.65Pd/meso-Co_3O_4三元贵金属合金催化剂以及0.28 wt%Ag/meso-Co_3O_4,0.35 wt%Au/meso-Co_3O_4和0.33 wt%Pd/meso-Co_3O_4单一贵金属催化剂.利用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高角环形暗场-扫描透射电子显微镜(HAADF-STEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和氢气-程序升温还原技术表征了催化剂的物化性质.催化剂的活性评价在固定床石英微型反应器中进行,反应气组成为0.1%甲醇+氧气+氮气(平衡气),甲醇/氧气摩尔比为1/200,空速约为80000 mL g–1 h–1,利用气相色谱检测反应物和产物的浓度.广角度XRD结果表明具有立方晶相结构.XRD谱中未检测到Ag,Au和Pd的衍射峰,系贵金属负载量低且均匀分散在载体表面所致.贵金属粒径为2.8-4.5 nm.小角度XRD和TEM结果表明具有有序介孔结构.从HAADF-STEM照片可以观察到中的贵金属形成了Ag-Au-Pd合金.BET结果显示,所制得催化剂的比表面积为115-120 m^2/g,孔径为5.7-6.0 nm,孔容为0.15-0.16 cm3/g.XPS结果表明,贵金属与载体之间较强的相互作用使0.68 wt%Ag_(0.75)Au_(1.14)Pd/meso-Co_3O_4具有最低的表面摩尔比,从而使该催化剂表面拥有更多的氧空位,有利于吸附和活化氧气,提高表面吸附氧浓度,从而提高催化活性具有最低的还原温度(即最好的低温还原性),有利于催化活性的提高.因此,高分散的纳米粒子、高的吸附氧浓度、优良的低温还原性以及载体与粒子之间强的相互作用是0.68Ag_(0.75) Au_(1.14)Pd/meso-Co_3O_4具有最高催化活性(当空速为80000 mL g–1 h–1时和)的主要原因.在反应温度为110°C和空速为80000 mL g–1 h–1的条件下,向反应体系中分别引入3.0 vol%水蒸气和5.0 vol%二氧化碳,甲醇转化率分别下降6.0%和7.0%;当切断水和二氧化碳后,甲醇转化率均恢复到在无水和二氧化碳时的数值.因此,水和二氧化碳对该催化剂的失活是可逆的.换句话说,0.68 wt%Ag_(0.75)Au_(1.14)Pd/meso-Co_3O_4具有优良的水热稳定性和抗二氧化碳中毒能力.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20973017 and 21077007)the Creative Research Foundation of Beijing University Technology (No. 00500054R4003)the Creative Research Team of Beijing Municipality (No. PHR201007105)
文摘Perovskite-like oxide La2-xSrxCuO4 （x = 0, 1） single crystallites with microrod-like morphologies and tetragonal crystal structures were prepared hydrothermally at 240 ℃ with poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） or hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） as a surfactant and after calcination at 850 ℃. The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized by means of XRD, BET, SEM, TEM/SAED （selected-area electron diffraction）, XPS and H2-TPR techniques. It is found that doping Sr2＋ to La2CuO4 lattice enhanced the catalytic activity for methane combustion and the LaSrCuO4 catalyst derived from PEG is the best among the tested ones. It is concluded that factors, such as adsorbed oxygen species concentration, reducibility and surface area, determined the catalytic performance of such single-crystalline materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Committee of China-Liaoning Provincial People’s Government Joint Fund(No.U1908204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21976009)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3506200 and 2022YFB3504100)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(J210006)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commisson(No.KZ202210005011)。
文摘The PdPtVO_(x)/CeO_(2)-ZrO_(2)(PdPtVO_(x)/CZO)catalysts were obtained by using different approaches,and their physical and chemical properties were determined by various techniques.Catalytic activities of these materials in the presence of H_(2)O or SO_(2)were evaluated for the oxidation of ethylbenzene(EB).The PdPtVO_(x)/CZO sample exhibited high catalytic activity,good hydrothermal stability,and reversible sulfur dioxide-poisoning performance,over which the specific reaction rate at 160℃,turnover frequency at 160℃(TOF_(Pd or Pt)),and apparent activation energy were 72.6 mmol/(g_(Pt)·sec)or 124.2 mmol/(g_(Pd)·sec),14.2 sec^(-1)(TOF_(Pt))or 13.1 sec^(-1)(TOF_(Pd)),and 58 k J/mol,respectively.The large EB adsorption capacity,good reducibility,and strong acidity contributed to the good catalytic performance of PdPtVO_(x)/CZO.Catalytic activity of PdPtVO_(x)/CZO decreased when 50 ppm SO_(2)or(1.0 vol.%H_(2)O+50 ppm SO_(2))was added to the feedstock,but was gradually restored to its initial level after the SO_(2)was cut off.The good reversible sulfur dioxide-resistant performance of PdPtVO_(x)/CZO was associated with the facts:(i)the introduction of SO_(2)leads to an increase in surface acidity;(ii)V can adsorb and activate SO_(2),thus accelerating formation of the SO_(x)^(2-)(x=3 or 4)species at the V and CZO sites,weakening the adsorption of sulfur species at the PdPt active sites,and hence protecting the PdPt active sites to be not poisoned by SO_(2).EB oxidation over PdPtVO_(x)/CZO might take place via the route of EB→styrene→phenyl methyl ketone→benzaldehyde→benzoic acid→maleic anhydride→CO_(2)and H_(2)O.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21876008 and 22276009).
文摘The cubic S/N co-doped TiO_(2)(TNSx,x is the calcination temperature)photocatalysts with rich oxygen vacancies were obtained by high temperature calcination of sulfur powder and titanium-based MOFs NH_(2)-MIL-125 for the photocatalytic removal of gaseous formaldehyde(a volatile organic compound).Among the obtained catalysts,the presence of oxygen vacancies restricted photogenerated electron and holes recombination.98.00%removal of gaseous formaldehyde in 150 min could be achieved over TNS600 by xenon lamp.The removal efficiency for formaldehyde was well retained for five cycle experiment.The results from PL,TRPL and EIS revealed that TNS600 had the best separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes,and the enhanced charge separation led to a significant increase in photocatalytic activity.The photocatalytic oxidation mechanism indicated that the ^(•)OH and ^(•)O_(2)−radicals were mainly involved in the efficient elimination of gaseous formaldehyde and were able to mineralize formaldehyde to H_(2)O and CO_(2).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U20A201714)Hebei Education Department (No.QN2021059)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Nos.B2021208033 and B2021208040)。
文摘A novel La-Co-O-C (LC-C) composites were prepared via a facile co-hydrothermal route with oxides and glycerol and further optimized for methane catalytic activity and thermal stability via component regulation.It was demonstrated that Co3O_(4)phase was the main component in regulation.The combined results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),temperature-programmed desorption of oxygen (O_(2)-TPD),temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H_(2)-TPR),temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia/carbon dioxide (NH_(3)/CO_(2)-TPD) revealed that component regulation led to more oxygen vacancies and exposure of surface Co_(2)+,lower surface basicity and optimized acidity,which were beneficial for adsorption of active oxygen species and activation of methane molecules,resulting in the excellent catalytic oxidation performance.Especially,the (3.5)LC-C (3.5 is Co-to-La molar ratio) showed the optimum activity and the T50and T90(the temperature at which the CH_(4)conversion rate was 50%and 90%,respectively) were 318 and 367℃,respectively.Using theoretical calculations and in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy characterization,it was also found that the catalytic mechanism changes from the “Rideal-Eley” mechanism to the “Two-term” mechanism depending on the temperature windows in which the reaction takes place.Besides,the use of the “Flynn-Wall-Ozawa” model in thermoanalytical kinetics revealed that component regulation simultaneously optimized the decomposition activation energy,further expanding the application scope of carboncontaining composites.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21677004,21876006,21622701)National Natural Science Committee of China-Liaoning Provincial People’s Government Joint Fund(U1908204)Foundation on the Creative Research Team Construction Promotion Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions(IDHT20190503)。
文摘Volatile organic compounds(VOCs),methane,carbon monoxide,soot,automotive exhaust,and nitrogen oxides are harmful to the atmosphere and human health.It is urgent to strictly control their emissions.Heterogeneous catalysis is an effective pathway for the removal of these pollutants,and the critical issue is the development of novel and high-performance catalysts.In this review,we briefly summarize the preparation methods,physicochemical properties,catalytic activities,and related reaction mechanisms for the above pollutants removal of the rare earth oxides,mixed rare earth oxide,rare earth oxidesupported noble metal,and mixed rare earth oxide-supported noble metal catalysts that have been investigated by our group and other researchers.It was found that catalytic performance was associated with the factors,such as specific surface area,pore structure,particle size and dispersion,adsorbed oxygen species concentration,reducibility,reactant activation ability or interaction between metal nanoparticles and support.Furthermore,we also envision the development trend of such a topic in future work.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21622701,21477005,U1507108,and 21676028)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0204800)+3 种基金Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(No.201462)Beijing Nova Program(No.Z141109001814106)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2132015)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(No.KM201410005008)
文摘α-MnO2 nanotubes and their supported Au-Pd alloy nanocatalysts were prepared using hydrothermal and polyvinyl alcohol-protected reduction methods, respectively. Their catalytic activity for the oxidation of toluene/m-xylene, acetone/ethyl acetate, acetone/m-xylene and ethyl acetate/m-xylene mixtures was evaluated. It was found that the interaction between Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles and α-MnO2 nanotubes significantly improved the reactivity of lattice oxygen, and the 0.91 wt.% Au0.48 Pd/α-MnO2 nanotube catalyst outperformed the α-MnO2 nanotube catalyst in the oxidation of toluene, m-xylene, ethyl acetate and acetone. Over the0.91 wt.% Au0.48 Pd/α-MnO2 nanotube catalyst,（i） toluene oxidation was greatly inhibited in the toluene/m-xylene mixture, while m-xylene oxidation was not influenced;（ii） acetone and ethyl acetate oxidation suffered a minor impact in the acetone/ethyl acetate mixture; and（iii） m-xylene oxidation was enhanced whereas the oxidation of the oxygenated VOCs（volatile organic compounds） was suppressed in the acetone/m-xylene or ethyl acetate/m-xylene mixtures. The competitive adsorption of these typical VOCs on the catalyst surface induced an inhibitive effect on their oxidation, and increasing the temperature favored the oxidation of the VOCs. The mixed VOCs could be completely oxidized into CO2 and H2 O below 320°C at a space velocity of 40,000 m L/（g·hr）. The 0.91 wt.% Au0.48 Pd/α-MnO2 nanotube catalyst exhibited high catalytic stability as well as good tolerance to water vapor and CO2 in the oxidation of the VOC mixtures. Thus, the α-MnO2 nanotube-supported noble metal alloy catalysts hold promise for the efficient elimination of VOC mixtures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20973017, 21077007)the Creative Research Foundation of Beijing University of Technology (No. 00500054R4003, 005000543111501)+2 种基金the HiTech Research and Development Program (863)of China (No. 2009AA063201)the Funding Projectfor Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality (No. PHR200907105, PHR201007105,PHR201107104)the Hong Kong Baptist University (FRG2/09-10/023)
文摘Monoclinic BiVO4 with multiple morphologies and/or porous structures were fabricated using the hydrothermal strategy. The materials were characterized by means of the XRD, Raman, TGA/DSC, SEM, XPS, and UV-Vis techniques. The photocatalytic activities of the BiVO4 materials were evaluated for the degradation of Methyl Orange under visible-light irradiation. It is observed that pH value and surfactant exerted a great effect on the morphology and pore structure of the BiVO4 product. Spherical BiVO4 with porous structures, flower-cluster-like BiVO4, and flower-bundle-like BiVO4 were generated hydrothermally at 100°C with poly（vinyl pyrrolidone） （PVP） and urea （pH = 2） and at 160°C with NaHCO3 （pH = 7 and 8）, respectively. The PVP-derived BiVO4 showed much higher surface areas （5.0-8.4 m2/g） and narrower bandgap energies （2.45-2.49 eV）. The best photocatalytic performance of the spherical BiVO4 material with a surface area of 8.4 m2/g was associated with its higher surface area, narrower bandgap energy, higher surface oxygen vacancy density, and unique porous architecture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21103005)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (2132015)the Discipline and Postgraduate Education Foundation (20111000501,005000542513551)
文摘High-surface-area and well-ordered mesoporous Fe-incorporated SBA-15(xFe-SBA-15)and SBA-15-supported FeOx(yFeOx/SBA-15)with the Fe surface density between 0.09 to 1.11 Fe-atom/nm2have been prepared using the one-step synthesis and incipient wetness impregnation methods,respectively.Physicochemical properties of these materials were characterized by means of numerous techniques,and their catalytic activities for the combustion of toluene were evaluated.It is found that the xFe-SBA-15 and yFeOx/SBA-15 samples possessed rod-or chain-like morphologies.The Fe species were of high dispersion when the Fe surface density was lower than0.76 Fe-atom/nm2in xFe-SBA-15 and 0.64 Fe-atom/nm2in yFeOx/SBA-15.At a similar Fe surface density and space velocity,the xFe-SBA-15 catalysts showed better activity than the yFeOx/SBA-15 catalysts,in which the xFe-SBA-15 catalyst with Fe surface density 0.59 Fe-atom/nm2performed the best.It is concluded that the good performance of the xFe-SBA-15 sample with Fe surface density0.59 Fe-atom/nm2was associated with its large surface area,high Fe species dispersion,and good low-temperature reducibility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21077007)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.2102008)+3 种基金the Discipline and Postgraduate Education Foundation(No.PXM2013 014204 07 000261,005000542513551)the Creative Research Foundation of Beijing University of Technology(No.00500054R4003,005000543111501)the Funding Project for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality(No.PHR201007105,PHR201107104)the Hong Kong Baptist University for financial support(No.FRG2/09-10/023)
文摘Porous S-doped bismuth vanadate with an olive-like morphology and its supported iron oxide （y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08, y = 0.06, 0.76, and 1.40） photocatalysts were fabricated using the dodecylamine-assisted alcohol-hydrothermal and incipient wetness impregnation methods, respectively. It is shown that the y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 photocatalysts contained a monoclinic scheetlite BiVO4 phase with a porous olive-like morphology, a surface area of 8.8-9.2 m^2/g, and a bandgap energy of 2.38-2.42 eV. There was co-presence of surface Bi^5＋, Bi^3＋, V^5＋, V^3＋, Fe^3＋, and Fe^2＋ species in y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08. The 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 sample performed the best for Methylene Blue degradation under visible-light illumination. The photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed. We believe that the sulfur and FeOx co-doping, higher oxygen adspecies concentration, and lower baudgap energy were responsible for the excellent visible-light-driven catalytic activity of 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21377008)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China ("863"Program)(No. 2015AA034603)the Foundation of the Creative Research Team Construction Promotion Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions
文摘Three-dimensionally ordered mesoporous Fe2O3（meso-Fe2O3） and its supported Au, Pd,and Au-Pd alloy（xA uP dy/meso-Fe2O3; x = 0.08–0.72 wt.%; Pd/Au molar ratio（y） = 1.48–1.85）photocatalysts have been prepared via the KIT-6-templating and polyvinyl alcohol-protected reduction routes, respectively. Physical properties of the samples were characterized, and their photocatalytic activities were evaluated for the photocatalytic oxidation of acetone in the presence of a small amount of H2O2 under visible-light illumination. It was found that the meso-Fe2O3 was rhombohedral in crystal structure. The as-obtained samples displayed a high surface area of 111.0–140.8 m^2/g and a bandgap energy of 1.98–2.12 eV. The Au, Pd and/or Au–Pd alloy nanoparticles（NPs） with a size of 3–4 nm were uniformly dispersed on the surface of the meso-Fe2O3 support. The 0.72 wt.% AuP d1.48/meso-Fe2O3 sample performed the best in the presence of 0.06 mol/L H2O2 aqueous solution, showing a 100% acetone conversion within4 hr of visible-light illumination. It was concluded that the good performance of 0.72 wt.%AuPd（1.48）/meso-Fe2O3 for photocatalytic acetone oxidation was associated with its ordered mesoporous structure, high adsorbed oxygen species concentration, plasmonic resonance effect between AuPd（1.48） NPs and meso-Fe2O3, and effective separation of the photogenerated charge carriers. In addition, the introduction of H2O2 and the involvement of the photo-Fenton process also played important roles in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of 0.72 wt.%AuPd（1.48）/meso-Fe2O3.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21677004,21876006,21607005,21622701,21477005,and U1507108)National Natural Science Foundation of China-Liaoning Provincial People’s Government Joint Fund(U1908204)Foundation on the Creative Research Team Construction Promotion Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions(IDHT20190503)
文摘Mesoporous Co3 O4(meso-Co3 O4)-supported Pt(0.53 wt.%Pt/meso-Co304)was synthesized via the KIT-6-templating and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-assisted reduction routes.Mesoporous CoO(meso-CoO)was fabricated through in situ reduction of meso-Co304 with glycerol,and the 0.18-0.69 wt.%Pt/meso-CoO samples were generated by the PVA-assisted reduction method.Meso-Co3 O4 and meso-CoO were of cubic crystal structure and the Pt nanoparticles(NPs)with a uniform size of ca.2 nm were well distributed on the mesoCo3 O4 or meso-CoO surface.The 0.56 wt%Pt/meso-CoO(0.56 Pt/meso-CoO)sample performed the best in benzene combustion(T50%=156℃and T90%=186℃at a space velocity of 80,000 mL/(g h)).Introducing water vapor or C02 with a certain concentration led to partial deactivation of 0.56 Pt/meso-CoO and such a deactivation was reversible.We think that the superior catalytic activity of 0.56 Pt/meso-CoO was intimately related to its good oxygen activation and benzene adsorption ability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Committee of China-Liaoning Provincial People’s Government Joint Fund(No.U1908204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21876006 and 21976009)+2 种基金the Foundation on the Creative Research Team Construction Promotion Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions(No.IDHT20190503)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(No.KM201710005004)the Development Program for the Youth Outstanding-Notch Talent of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(No.CIT&TCD201904019)。
文摘Catalytic combustion is thought as an efficient and economic pathway to remove volatile organic compounds, and its critical issue is the development of high-performance catalytic materials. In this work, we used the in situ synthesis method to prepare the silicalite-1(S-1)-supported Pd nanoparticles(NPs). It is found that the as-prepared catalysts displayed a hexagonal prism morphology and a surface area of 390-440 m^(2)/g. The sample(0.28Pd/S-1-H)derived after reduction at 500°C in 10 vol% H_(2)showed the best catalytic activity for toluene combustion(T50%= 180℃ and T90%= 189℃ at a space velocity of 40,000 m L/(g·hr), turnover frequency(TOFPd) at 160℃ = 3.46 × 10^(-3)sec^(-1), and specific reaction rate at 160℃ = 63.8μmol/(gPd·sec)), with the apparent activation energy(41 k J/mol) obtained over the bestperforming 0.28Pd/S-1-H sample being much lower than those(51-70 k J/mol) obtained over the other samples(0.28Pd/S-1-A derived from calcination at 500℃ in air, 0.26Pd/S-1-im derived from the impregnation route, and 0.27Pd/ZSM-5-H prepared after reduction at 500℃ in 10 vol% H_(2)). Furthermore, the 0.28Pd/S-1-H sample possessed good thermal stability and its partial deactivation due to CO_(2) or H_(2)O introduction was reversible, but SO_(2) addition resulted in an irreversible deactivation. The possible pathways of toluene oxidation over 0.28Pd/S-1-H was toluene → p-methylbenzoquinone → maleic anhydride, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde → carbon dioxide and water. We conclude that the good dispersion of Pd NPs, high adsorption oxygen species concentration, large toluene adsorption capacity, strong acidity,and more Pd~0 species were responsible for the good catalytic performance of 0.28Pd/S-1-H.
