CPS Modeling of CNC Machine Tool Work Processes Using an Instruction-Domain Based Approach

Building cyber-physical system(CPS) models of machine tools is a key technology for intelligent manufacturing. The massive electronic data from a computer numerical control(CNC) system during the work processes of a CNC machine tool is the main source of the big data on which a CPS model is established. In this work-process model, a method based on instruction domain is applied to analyze the electronic big data, and a quantitative description of the numerical control(NC) processes is built according to the G code of the processes. Utilizing the instruction domain, a work-process CPS model is established on the basis of the accurate, real-time mapping of the manufacturing tasks, resources, and status of the CNC machine tool. Using such models, case studies are conducted on intelligent-machining applications, such as the optimization of NC processing parameters and the health assurance of CNC machine tools.

Toward Intelligent Machine Tool

With the development of modern information technology-and particularly of the new generation of artificial intelligence(AI)technology-new opportunities are available for the development of the intelligent machine tool(IMT).Based on the three classical paradigms of intelligent manufacturing as defined by the Chinese Academy of Engineering,the concept,characteristics,and systemic structure of the IMT are presented in this paper.Three stages of machine tool evolution-from the manually operated machine tool(MOMT)to the IMT-are discussed,including the numerical control machine tool(NCMT),the smart machine tool(SMT),and the IMT.Furthermore,the four intelligent control principles of the IMT-namely,autonomous sensing and connection,autonomous learning and modeling,autonomous optimization and decision-making,and autonomous control and execution-are presented in detail.This paper then points out that the essential characteristic of the IMT is to acquire and accumulate knowledge through learning,and presents original key enabling technologies,including the instruction-domain-based analytical approach,theoretical and big-data-based hybrid modeling technology,and the double-code control method.Based on this research,an intelligent numerical control(INC)system and industrial prototypes of IMTs are developed.Three intelligent practices are conducted,demonstrating that the integration of the new generation of AI technology with advanced manufacturing technology is a feasible and convenient way to advance machine tools toward the IMT.

miRNAs Expression and Role of Dicer on Podocyte Injury in PAN Nephrosis Rats

Objective: microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory RNAs that act as important players in diverse biologic and pathologic processes. Under circumstance as podocye-injury triggering proteinuria, which miRNAs are up-regulated or down-regulated? This experiment aims at detecting miRNAs changes in PAN nephrosis rats based on miRNA arrays and exploring the therapeutic targets of Leizhi capsule. Methods: Fifty male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, including control group, model group, leizhi capsule group, Tripterygium glucosides group, and valsartan group. PAN nephrosis models were made by jugular vein injection of PAN (100 mg/kg body weight, dissolve in physiological saline), while control group rats were made by jugular vein injection of physiological saline with equal volume. Other groups rats had been given medicines by irrigating stomach once a day for ten days. Blood and urine samples were collected, and renal tissues were processed after rats being euthanasised. The 24 h urinary protein excretion and blood biochemistry parameters were measured by routine methods. The glomerular morphology and podocyte ultrastructure were observed with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. miRNA expression profile was detected by Exiqon miRNA Array. Real time RT-PCR analysis for mature miRNAs was used to validate differentially expressed miRNAs. Results: 1) In day 3 - 5, model rats had decreased urine volume, ascites, malnutrition and wight loss. From day 7 to day 10, the nephrotic syndromes were worst in model rats, but which had no skin edema. Some rats died in serious ascites, the mortality is 3/10. 2) miRNA array detection shows 106 miRNAs up regulated and 62 miRNAs down regulated in PAN nephrosis rats. Fold change (model vs. control group) varies from 1.8 to 7.0. For leizhi capsule group and model sample, there are 90 miRNAs differentially expressed, with 65 miRNAs up and 25 miRNAs down. The most important finding in our research is the discovery of the specific miRNAs related to PAN nephrosis (rno-miR23a, rno-miR-24, rno-miR-30c and rno-miR-300-3p), which have been validated by Real time RT-PCR analysis. 3) Compared with control sample, immune fluorescence intensity of dicer, expression profile of nephrin, podocin and synaptopodin mRNA and protein decrease in PAN nephrosis rats. After treated with Leizhi Capsule, immune fluorescence intensity of the above molecules improved. Conclusion: 1) Characteristic miRNAs of PAN nephrosis were screening. Up-regulated miRNAs (rno-miR-23a, rno-miR-300-3p) may trigger podocyte injury and proteinuria, while down-regulated miRNAs (rno-miR-24, rno-miR-30c) may be protective factors by anti-apoptosis. 2) Dicer and these miRNAs (rno-miR-24, rno-miR-30c, rno-miR-23a) may be are probably key molecules therapeutic targets of Leizhi capsule.

Research on Normal Pythagorean Neutrosophic Set Choquet Integral Operator and Its Application

We first propose the normal Pythagorean neutrosophic set(NPNS)in this paper,which synthesizes the distribution of the incompleteness,indeterminacy,and inconsistency of the Pythagorean neutrosophic set(PNS)and normal fuzzy number.We also define some properties of NPNS.For solving the decision-making problem of the nonstrictly independent and interacting attributes,two kinds of NPNS Choquet integral operators are proposed.First,the NPNS Choquet integral average(NPNSCIA)operator and the NPNS Choquet integral geometric(NPNSCIG)operator are proposed.Then,their calculating formulas are derived,their properties are discussed,and an approach for solving the interacting multi-attribute decision making based on the NPNS is studied.Finally,the two kinds of operators are applied to validate the stability of the new method.

Improving the resilience of maritime supply chains: The integration of ports and inland transporters in duopoly markets

The adverse impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 has reduced ports’ operational efficiency. In addition, ports and inland logistics providers are generally independent of each other and difficult to work together, which leads to time loss. Thus, as the core player, ports can integrate with inland logistics providers to improve the efficiency and resilience of maritime supply chains. This study examines the strategic options of two competing maritime supply chains consisting of ports and inland logistics providers. We investigate the impact of cooperation between ports and inland logistics providers and government regulation on the maritime supply chain by comparing members’ optimal pricing and overall social welfare under centralized, decentralized, and hybrid scenarios. Results indicate that the hybrid scenario is an equilibrium strategy for maritime supply chain, although this strategy is not optimal for governments seeking to improve supply chain resilience and maximize social welfare. Furthermore, observations show that through government economic intervention, both seaborne supplies can be incentivized to adopt an integrated strategy, and business and society can achieve a win–win situation.

硒蛋白TrxR1介导甲萘醌还原:催化特性和抑制作用

硫氧还蛋白还原酶(Thioredoxin reductase,TrxR)是一类重要的抗氧化硒蛋白,参与调控肿瘤发生发展。研究表明,萘醌类分子可以靶向抑制TrxR1活性并经由TrxR1介导产生活性氧,导致细胞氧化还原失衡,使其成为潜在的肿瘤化疗药物。本文旨在通过生物化学及质谱分析,探究硒蛋白TrxR1与萘醌化合物甲萘醌的相互作用,进一步揭示TrxR1催化萘醌分子还原的机理和萘醌分子抑制TrxR1活性的机制。通过对TrxR1催化残基的定点突变和突变体的重组表达,我们测定TrxR1突变体介导甲萘醌还原稳态动力学参数,并分析甲萘醌对TrxR1活性抑制,最后通过质谱分析鉴定甲萘醌与TrxR1相互作用。结果表明,硒蛋白TrxR1的Sec498催化甲萘醌还原,但是U498C突变使甲萘醌还原更加高效,表明了甲萘醌还原主要呈现非硒依赖性。突变实验发现C端Cys498发挥主要催化还原作用,而N端Cys64对甲萘醌还原的影响稍强于Cys59。LC-MS结果发现TrxR1存在1分子甲萘醌加合物,推测其不可逆修饰硒蛋白C末端高反应活性的硒代半胱氨酸。本研究揭示了TrxR1可以非硒依赖方式催化甲萘醌还原,同时其活性会受到甲萘醌的不可逆抑制,为靶向TrxR1的萘醌类抗癌药物研发提供有益参考。

大肠杆菌tRNA^Sec关键核苷酸位点

在原核生物中,硒蛋白合成需要tRNA^Sec(SelC)与硒代半胱氨酸合成(Sec synthase,SelA)、硒代半胱氨酸特异性延伸因子(Sec-specificelongationfactor,SelB)之间相互作用。【目的】基于大肠杆菌掺硒机器,寻找tRNA^Sec骨架上关键核苷酸位点,为解决硒蛋白目前面临的掺硒效率较低、产量低的问题提供新思路。【方法】以大鼠细胞质型硫氧还蛋白还原酶(thioredoxinreductase1,TrxR1)为掺硒模式蛋白为定点突变tRNA^Sec,转化至BL21(DE3)gor-获得阳性重组菌株(携带pET-TRSter/pSUABC’),用于表达大鼠硒蛋白TrxR1,然后使用2￠,5￠ADP-Sepharose亲和层析和凝胶过滤两步法分离纯化TrxR1,最后利用经典硒依赖型DTNB还原反应测定TrxR1的酶活,分析关键核苷酸位点,评价掺硒效率。【结果】在存在SECIS元件的前提下,当SelA、SelB、tRNA^Sec共表达时,与野生型相比,携带突变型tRNA^Sec所共表达的TrxR1酶活力呈现不同程度的降低,其中E.colitRNA^Sec的G18、G19这两个位点的所有的TrxR1酶活远低于野生型(<10%);然而,a26和b7的酶活相对较高。【结论】E.coli tRNA^Sec骨架上G18和G19位点对于维持tRNA稳定性和灵活性发挥了关键作用,位点突变引起tRNA结构变化会影响tRNA^Sec与掺硒元件的互作,因此有望通过改造tRNA核苷酸位点来提高硒蛋白的掺硒效率。

An intermodal transportation geospatial network modeling for containerized soybean shipping

Containerized shipping is a growing market for agricultural exports,particularly soybeans.In order to understand the optimal strategies for improving the United States’economic competitiveness in this emerging market,this research develops an intermodal transportation network modeling framework,focusing on U.S.soybean container shipments.Built upon detailed modal cost analyses,a Geospatial Intermodal Freight Transportation(GIFT)model has been developed to understand the optimal network design for U.S.soybean exports.Based on market demand and domestic supply figures,the model is able to determine which domestically produced soybeans should go to which foreign markets,and by which transport modes.This research and its continual studies,will provide insights into future policies and practices that can improve the transportation efficiency of soybean logistics.