吡啶取代度对聚乙烯醇基碱性阴离子交换膜性能的影响

将具有共轭结构的吡啶盐接枝在聚乙烯醇(PVA)基质上,制备出吡啶基团功能化的PVA-FP阴离子交换膜。N元素分析测得该系列膜最大取代度为10.4%(No.3膜);吡啶基团的引入将膜的初始热降解温度提高了近32℃;吡啶基团的线性分布提高了OH-离子的迁移效率;70℃时No.3膜表现出最高的OH-离子电导率(3.02×10-2 S/cm),分别将其浸泡在2 mol/L、4 mol/L、6 mol/L的KOH溶液中进行耐碱稳定性测试,未见电导率下降,升高碱液浓度至8 mol/L,其电导率在120 h后稳定在初始值的88%左右,表现出优异的耐碱稳定性能。

In the Basis of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, to Form Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Metastasized and Then to De-Differentiate into Poorly Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Thyroid squamous cell carcinoma is very rare. At present, it is limited to case reports. Since the thyroid follicular epithelium is the non-squamous epithelium, how primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thyroid occurs is still a controversial issue. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is considered to be an independent risk factor for thyroid cancer, under the basis of HT, how tumor cells evolve and develop to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and particularly to de-differentiate into SCC is elusive. We report a 72-year-old female patient who developed multiple subtypes of PTC on a basis of HT, and finally to de-differentiate into SCC within the local foci of lymph node metastasis. We found that there was a variety of sub-types of PTC in this patient in the background of HT. SCC was found within local lymph node metastasis. Pathomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular pathology have confirmed that the SCC was derived from PTC, and then developed into poorly differentiated SCC and/or anaplastic carcinoma. We also conducted a comprehensive literature review.

具有石油化工特色的应用化学一流专业建设的思考与实践

以具有“石油化工”特色的应用化学一流专业人才培养为例,重点阐述了建设一流专业过程中在理论教学体系、实验教学体系、实践教学体系及校企协同育人方面一些做法和经验,对其他石油、石化以及化工类高等院校的一流专业建设和人才培养体系构建具有参考价值。

基于化学的新工科专业——“智慧分子工程”专业建设思路及建议

依据新工科建设的理念,论述了设置智慧分子工程专业的必要性,分析了专业人才培养需求状况,阐述了智慧分子工程专业的建设思路与建设草案,包括培养目标、毕业要求、教学内容、师资队伍及教学条件等。对指导"智慧分子工程"专业设计及建设具有一定的指导意义。

基于石化行业智能炼化需求构建应用化学“五结合”人才培养体系研究与实践

为了应对石化行业发展新态势,十三五期间,中石油、中石化、中海油、恒力石化、盛虹石化等一大批石油化工企业纷纷开始转型升级,新一代"一体化""智慧化"炼厂不断涌现。同时新兴的信息化技术开始深度融入石油化工生产过程,石化企业一体化、智慧化程度明显提升。作为紧密服务石油化工行业43年的辽宁石油化工大学应用化学专业,同步对标行业升级路径,积极开展"五结合"(专思结合、校企结合、内外结合、理工结合、新旧结合)人才培养模式建设。经过多年探索和实践,"五结合"人才培养模式取得了较好的实践效果。本研究以具有典型意义的地方和石油化工行业特色高校应用化学专业为例,重点研究专业所服务行业的形态和内涵发生变化后,专业在培养过程、课程体系以及教学内容等方面应该如何与之匹配,进而联动调整,以适应企业对人才需求的新变化。

钛酸四丁酯/季铵化壳聚糖无机/有机杂化膜的制备及耐碱性

将钛酸四丁酯(TBT)均匀地掺入到季铵化壳聚糖(QCS)中制备无机/有机杂化膜。借助红外光谱、扫描电镜等分析膜样品的结构和形貌;通过力学性能、含水率、离子交换量、电导率等性能指标进行膜性能测试。试验过程中,将膜浸渍在3 mol/L和6 mol/L的Na OH溶液中,考察不同浓度、不同时间对膜耐碱性能的影响,以此探讨其作为燃料电池电解质膜使用的可行性。结果表明,随着TBT含量的增加,膜的力学性能增加,而膜的含水率、离子交换量和电导率均呈现降低趋势。碱处理之后除了膜的含水率增加,其余各项性能指标均比相应未碱处理的膜样品有所降低,降低幅度小于5%;电导保留率随着温度升高、碱液浓度增加也在一定程度上有所降低,但均保持在90%以上,而且膜外观形貌无明显变化,说明该膜具有较好的耐碱稳定性能。

A new method for multi-point pollution source identification

对于污染源源项特征(数量,位置及排放强度)的快速且精确估计是污染事件应急响应的关键.与单点源估计相比,多点源的重建更具挑战性.本文提出了一种新的针对于多点源污染事件的两步反演算法,该算法通过结合大气化学模式与有限的浓度观测数据以实现对于未知数量的多点源的准确估计.在其计算过程中,无需任何未知量的先验信息,且可以自动识别污染源的数量,并确定每一个污染源的位置及强度.本文通过使用若干组理想试验验证了算法的适用性,试验结果表明,该算法可准确估计单点源,两点源和三点源的个数及位置,强度的估计误差可基本忽略,且该算法的估计精度和计算效率不会随着点源个数的增加而减弱.

Alkali metal cation engineering in organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells

The past decade has witnessed the rapid advance in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Owing to unique optoelectronic properties of perovskites,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs has jumped from 3.8%to25.5%[1–4].However,under the stimulus of illumination,moisture,oxygen and heat,perovskites exhibit unsatisfactory stability due to weak bonding among the components in these soft-lattice crystals[5–7].Doping and passivation engineering with alkali metal cations can enhance the intrinsic stability of perovskite materials.Here,the recent progress of alkali metal cations engineering is reviewed,and the impact on the crystallization,lattice structure,photovoltaic performance and stability is discussed.

Inversion method for multi-point source pollution identification:Sensitivity analysis and application to European Tracer Experiment data

快速并且准确地识别未知污染源,在大气污染应急响应和源头控制过程中起着至关重要的作用.本文利用敏感性试验及欧洲示踪物测场试验(ETEX-1)数据研究了新提出的两步反演算法的实用性,并将其反演结果与现有的两种算法进行了对比分析.敏感试验表明,在观测数据较为丰富的情况下,三种算法对观测误差和风场误差的敏感性均较低;而当观测数据较为稀疏时,所有算法的估计精度都将随着误差的增加而下降,但与其他两种算法相比,两步反演算法具有更高的估计精度以及更稳定的估计性能.此外,欧洲示踪物测场试验的源项估计结果也表明,在三个算法中,两步反演算法具有最小的位置估计误差.

Single crystals of perovskites

During last decade,metal halide perovskites(MHPs)have become research hotspot due to their superior optoelectronic properties[1−15].MHP single crystal was first reported in 1978[16].Up to now,MHP single crystals with various compositions have been synthesized and characterized.Compared with perovskite polycrystalline films,perovskite single crystals show lower defect density,higher carrier mobility,longer carrier diffusion length.Here,we summarize the growth methods of perovskite single crystals,and discuss their optoelectronic applications,including perovskite solar cells(PSCs),photodetectors(PDs)and light-emitting diodes(LEDs).

Large-area organic solar cells

Organic solar cells(OSCs)have made significant progress due to the fast advances in nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)since 2015^([1−7]).The power conversion efficiency(PCE)for small-area single-junction OSCs is around 19%with an active area<0.1 cm^(2[8−11]).Scalability is a key factor in developing this technology.When scaling lab cells to large-area modules,the device performance might drop.Brabec et al.proposed a stage–gate process for OSCs from R&D effort to commercialization,which includes materials development,processing,prototyping,pilot process and upscaling[12].

Integrative multi-omics approaches reveal that Asian cultivated rice domestication influences its symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Potential changes in the symbiotic relationship between rice(Oryza sativa)and microorganisms have occurred during the domestication of Asian cultivated rice(O.sativa)from common wild rice(Oryza rufipogon)and in response to global climate change,along with evolving adaptations to the environment.The potential genes may express differently or dominate the symbiotic relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and plants,which may be beneficial to rice breeding.To date,research on this important topic has been limited.In this study,we aimed to examine the symbiotic relationships of Asian common wild and cultivated rice species with AMF.By conducting a comparative metagenomic analysis of the rhizospheres of wild and cultivated rice species,we identified differences in Rhizophagus intraradices-related genes associated with wild and cultivated rice,as well as functional genes of AMF.Furthermore,we obtained root-related genes associated with AMF from transcriptome data of rice roots.Our results collectively suggest that R.intraradices-related genes in the rhizosphere of wild rice may be more conducive to its colonization.Additionally,bacteria from the Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrospiraceae families identified in the rhizosphere of wild rice exhibited positive correlations with R.intraradices-related genes with protein identifiers 1480749 and1871253,which may indicate that nitrobacteria can enhance the functions of R.intraradices in association with wild rice.Next,in a case study using comparative transcriptome analysis of root samples obtained from R.intraradices-inoculated wild and cultivated rice plants,we found significantly higher expression levels of the strigolactone pathway-related genes DWARF3(D3)and DWARF14(D14)in R.intraradices-inoculated common wild rice than in R.intraradices-inoculated cultivated rice.This study provides a theoretical basis for identifying the effects of domestication on mycorrhizal symbiosis-related genes,which could be promoted in wild rice in the future.

Boron nitride microribbons strengthened and toughened alumina composite ceramics with excellent mechanical,dielectric,and thermal conductivity properties

Aluminum oxide(Al_(2)O_(3))ceramics have been widely utilized as circuit substrates owing to their exceptional performance.In this study,boron nitride microribbon(BNMR)/Al_(2)O_(3)composite ceramics are prepared using spark plasma sintering(SPS).This study examines the effect of varying the amount of toughened phase BNMR on the density,mechanical properties,dielectric constant,and thermal conductivity of BNMR/Al_(2)O_(3)composite ceramics while also exploring the mechanisms behind the toughening and increased thermal conductivity of the fabricated ceramics.The results showed that for a BNMR content of 5 wt%,BNMR/Al_(2)O_(3)composite ceramics displayed more enhanced characteristics than pure Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics.In particular,the relative density,hardness,fracture toughness,and bending strength were 99.95%±0.025%,34.11±1.5 GPa,5.42±0.21 MPa·m^(1/2),and 375±2.5 MPa,respectively.These values represent increases of 0.76%,70%,35%,and 25%,respectively,compared with the corresponding values for pure Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics.Furthermore,during the SPS process,BNMRs are subjected to high temperatures and pressures,resulting in the bending and deformation of the Al_(2)O_(3)matrix;this leads to the formation of special thermal pathways within it.The dielectric constant of the composite ceramics decreased by 25.6%,whereas the thermal conductivity increased by 45.6%compared with that of the pure Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics.The results of this study provide valuable insights into ways of enhancing the performance of Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic substrates by incorporating novel BNMRs as a second phase.These improvements are significant for potential applications in circuit substrates and related fields that require high-performance materials with improved mechanical properties and thermal conductivities.

Sub-Nyquist sampling-based wideband spectrum sensing:a compressed power spectrum estimation approach

In this paper,we introduce a sub-Nyquist sampling-based receiver architecture and method for wideband spectrum sensing.Instead of recovering the original wideband analog signal,the proposed method aims to directly reconstruct the power spectrum of the wideband analog signal from sub-Nyquist samples.Note that power spectrum alone is sufficient for wideband spectrum sensing.Since only the covariance matrix of the wideband signal is needed,the proposed method,unlike compressed sensing-based methods,does not need to impose any sparsity requirement on the frequency domain.The proposed method is based on a multi-coset sampling architecture.By exploiting the inherent sampling structure,a fast compressed power spectrum estimation method whose primary computational task consists of fast Fourier transform(FFT)is proposed.Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Preparation and toughening mechanism of Al_(2)O_(3) composite ceramics toughened by B_(4)C@TiB_(2) core–shell units

In this paper, the concept of incorporating core–shell structured units as secondary phases totoughen Al_(2)O_(3) ceramics is proposed. Al_(2)O_(3) composite ceramics toughened by B_(4)C@TiB_(2) core–shellunits are successfully synthesized using a combination of molten salt methodology and spark plasmasintering. The synthesis of B_(4)C@TiB_(2) core–shell toughening units stems from the prior production ofcore–shell structural B_(4)C@TiB_(2) powders, and this core–shell structure is effectively preserved withinthe Al_(2)O_(3) matrix after sintering. The B_(4)C@TiB_(2) core–shell toughening unit consists of a micron-sizedB4C core enclosed by a shell approximately 500 nm in thickness, composed of numerous nanosizedTiB2 grains. The regions surrounding these core–shell units exhibit distinct geometric structures andencompass multidimensional variations in phase composition, grain dimensions, and thermal expansioncoefficients. Consequently, intricate stress distributions emerge, fostering the propagation of cracks inmultiple dimensions. This behavior consumes a considerable amount of crack propagation energy,thereby enhancing the fracture toughness of the Al_(2)O_(3) matrix. The resulting Al_(2)O_(3) composite ceramicsdisplay relative density of 99.7%±0.2%, Vickers hardness of 21.5±0.8 GPa, and fracture toughness6.92±0.22 MPa·m1/2.

ASAP3 regulates microvilli structure in parietal cells and presents intervention target for gastric acidity

Gastric acidity-associated disorders such as peptic ulcer and reflux diseases are widespread,and the reported resistance and side effects of currently used medicines suggest an urgent requirement for alternative therapeutic approaches.Here we demonstrate a critical role of ASAP3 in regulating the microvilli structure of parietal cells in vivo,and reveal the feasibility of controlling gastric acidity by targeting ASAP3.Conditional knockout of ASAP3 in mice caused elongation and stacking of microvilli in parietal cells,and substantially decreased gastric acid secretion.These were associated with active assembly of F-actin caused by a higher level of GTP-bound Arf6 GTPase.Consistently,a small molecular compound QS11 inhibited ASAP3 function and significantly reduced gastric acidity in vivo.Of note,the expression of ASAP3 was positively correlated with gastric acid secretion in 90 human cases,and high expression of ASAP3 was associated with reflux disease and peptic ulcer.These results reveal for the first time that ASAP3 regulates the microvilli structures in parietal cells.Our data also suggest ASAP3 as a feasible and drugable therapeutic target for gastric acidity-associated diseases.