Polysaccharides of Aspergillus cristatus attenuate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites

Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesity effect.However,the classification of golden-flower fungi is still controversial;the anti-obesity effect of golden-flower fungus polysaccharides remains unknown.In this study,we identify a golden-flower strain as Aspergillus cristatus based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny analysis,which resolves the controversy of classification.Moreover,we find A.cristatus polysaccharides(ACPS)attenuate obesity in rats.ACPS modulate gut bacterial composition.in which Akkermansia,Akkermansia muciniphila,Bacteroides,Romboutsia,Blautia,and Desulfovibrio are considered the core microbes regulated by ACPS.ACPS increase fecal total short-chain fatty acid content and serum,hepatic,and fecal total bile acid content.Furthermore,ACPS-induced gut microbiota alteration plays a causal role in the protection from obesity,according to a fecal transplantation experiment.Thus,ACPS ameliorate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites.

A Cloud-Fog Enabled and Privacy-Preserving IoT Data Market Platform Based on Blockchain

The dynamic landscape of the Internet of Things(IoT)is set to revolutionize the pace of interaction among entities,ushering in a proliferation of applications characterized by heightened quality and diversity.Among the pivotal applications within the realm of IoT,as a significant example,the Smart Grid(SG)evolves into intricate networks of energy deployment marked by data integration.This evolution concurrently entails data interchange with other IoT entities.However,there are also several challenges including data-sharing overheads and the intricate establishment of trusted centers in the IoT ecosystem.In this paper,we introduce a hierarchical secure data-sharing platform empowered by cloud-fog integration.Furthermore,we propose a novel non-interactive zero-knowledge proof-based group authentication and key agreement protocol that supports one-to-many sharing sets of IoT data,especially SG data.The security formal verification tool shows that the proposed scheme can achieve mutual authentication and secure data sharing while protecting the privacy of data providers.Compared with previous IoT data sharing schemes,the proposed scheme has advantages in both computational and transmission efficiency,and has more superiority with the increasing volume of shared data or increasing number of participants.

Full-frame Data Reduction Method:A Data Mining Tool to Detect the Potential Variations in Optical Photometry

A Synchronous Photometry Data Extraction(SPDE)program,performing indiscriminate monitoring of all stars appearing in the same field of view of an astronomical image,is developed by integrating several Astropy affiliated packages to make full use of time series observed by traditional small/medium aperture ground-based telescopes.The complete full-frame stellar photometry data reductions implemented for the two time series of cataclysmic variables:RX J2102.0+3359 and Paloma J0524+4244 produce 363 and 641 optimal light curves,respectively.A cross-identification with SIMBAD finds 23 known stars,of which 16 are red giant-/horizontal-branch stars,2 W UMa-type eclipsing variables,2 program stars,an X-ray source and 2 Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System variables.Based on the data products from the SPDE program,a follow-up light curve analysis program identifies 32 potential variable light curves,of which 18 are from the time series of RX J2102.0+3359,and 14 are from that of Paloma J0524+4244.They are preliminarily separated into periodic,transient,and peculiar types.By querying for the 58 VizieR online data catalogs,their physical parameters and multi-band brightness spanning X-ray to radio are compiled for future analysis.

甘肃大学生网络语言暴力行为调查研究

网络的匿名性、虚拟性和信息碎片化特性放大了社会公众的消极情绪,网民采用网络语言暴力,污染了语言和社会生态。大学生是"互联网"的主流群体之一,也是网络语言暴力的主要实施群体,对大学生网络语言暴力行为调查具有重大意义。通过对甘肃6所大学的600名在校生进行调查问卷,探讨了甘肃在校大学生对网络语言暴力的认知和使用现状,分析了其使用网络语言暴力的原因,并提出了相应的防治措施。

基于租户的访问控制模型T-ARBAC

SaaS服务模式极大地降低了企业成本、提高了企业效率,同时也提高了企业的管理水平及加快了其创新步伐。但由于租户数据存储于服务提供商数据存储平台,如何保障租户的数据安全是一个无法回避的问题,并且平台用户数量巨大,如何有效地对用户进行管理也是一个值得探索的问题。本文结合基于角色的访问控制模型,设计出一个支持多租户、方便租户权限控制与管理的SaaS平台访问控制模型T-ARBAC (Tenant-Admin- istrative Role Based Access Control),满足了租户访问控制策略多样性与安全、独立访问共存数据的要求。

依达拉奉对氧诱导视网膜病变乳鼠的作用及其机制研究

目的探讨自由基清除剂依达拉奉对氧诱导视网膜病变乳鼠的抑制作用及可能机制。方法将60只乳鼠根据随机数字表法分为正常对照组、高氧诱导组和药物治疗组,每组20只。高氧诱导复制视网膜病变乳鼠模型,采用黄嘌呤法测定视网膜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察视网膜病理变化,二磷酸腺苷(ADP)染色测定视网膜无灌注区面积,免疫组织化学染色测定视网膜中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、CD34的表达。结果3组乳鼠体重在不同时间、不同组间、变化趋势上有差异(P<0.05)。3组乳鼠视网膜SOD、MDA,以及VEGF和CD34光密度值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与正常对照组比较,高氧诱导组乳鼠视网膜SOD活力降低(P<0.05),MDA含量升高(P<0.05),VEGF、CD34累积光密度值和平均光密度值升高(P<0.05);与高氧诱导组比较,药物治疗组乳鼠视网膜SOD活力升高(P<0.05),MDA含量降低(P<0.05),VEGF、CD34累积光密度值和平均光密度值降低(P<0.05)。药物治疗组ADP染色无灌注区面积小于高氧诱导组(P<0.05)。HE染色结果显示,正常对照组乳鼠视网膜未见病变;高氧诱导组乳鼠视网膜见大量血管增生、管腔扩张、出血;药物治疗组视网膜病变较高氧诱导组轻,未见出血。结论依达拉奉对氧诱导视网膜病变乳鼠具有保护作用,可抑制视网膜氧化应激反应和新生血管形成。

Electro-acupuncture therapy to improve spatial learning and memory in APPswe/ PS1dE9 transgenic mice through the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway

Objective:To determine whether electro-acupuncture (EA) therapy could improve the cognitive functions of amyloid precursor protein Swedish mutation (APPswe)/presenilin 1 deleted in exon 9 (PS1dE9) mice and examine whether EA treatment could attenuate neuroinflammation by targeting the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response factor 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway.Methods:Twenty-seven double transgenic APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were randomly allocated into three groups:an Alzheimer's disease model group (AD group),a medication group (M group) and an EA treatment group (EA group).Each group contained nine mice,and nine wild-type mice were used in a normal group (N group).The animals in the M group were treated with oral administrations of 0.92 mg/kg donepezil hydrochloride for 15 days.For animals in the EA group,EA treatments were used on the Yintang (GV 29) and Baihui (GV 20) acupoints for 20 minutes,and the Shuigou (GV 26) acupoint was pricked without needle retention following EA treatments.Following treatments,the spatial learning and memory of the mice were measured using the Morris water maze test.The expression levels of TLR4,MyD88,nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and western blot.Results:The escape latencies of the M and EA groups were significantly lower than those of the AD group (vs M,P =.002;vs EA,P <.001).Moreover,compared with the AD group,the numbers of platform crossings was higher (vs M,P =.038;vs EA,P =.008) and the latency time for target quadrants was longer (vs M,P =.002;vs EA,P =.001) in the M and EA groups (P <.05).Furthermore,in the M and EA groups,the expression levels of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and iNOS decreased significantly compared with those of the AD group (all P <.01).Conclusion:EA treatment enhanced the memory and learning abilities of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice by regulating the TLR4/MyD88 inflammatory signaling pathway.

Spin and spin-orbit coupling effects in nickel-based superalloys:A first-principles study on Ni_(3)Al doped with Ta/W/Re

Heavy elements(X=Ta/W/Re)play an important role in the performance of superalloys,which enhance the strength,anti-oxidation,creep resistance,and anti-corrosiveness of alloy materials in a high-temperature environment.In the present research,the heavy element doping effects in FCC-Ni(γ)and Ni_(3)Al(γ')systems are investigated in terms of their thermodynamic and mechanical properties,as well as electronic structures.The lattice constant,bulk modulus,elastic constant,and dopant formation energy in non-spin,spin polarized,and spin-orbit coupling(SOC)calculations are compared.The results show that the SOC effects are important in accurate electronic structure calculations for alloys with heavy elements.We find that including spin for bothγandγ'phases is necessary and sufficient for most cases,but the dopant formation energy is sensitive to different spin effects,for instance,in the absence of SOC,even spin-polarized calculations give 1%to 9%variance in the dopant formation energy in our model.Electronic structures calculations indicate that spin polarization causes a split in the metal d states,and SOC introduces a variance in the spin-up and spin-down states of the d states of heavy metals and reduces the magnetic moment of the system.

Construction of prognostic model of cervical cancer based on necroptosis-related lncRNAs

Background:Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)can influence the necroptosis process,which is essential in malignant tumors.But no studies have looked at the predictive value of necroptosis-related lncRNAs in cervical cancer(CC).Using necroptosis-related lncRNAs,we developed a prediction signature to predict the prognosis of CC patients.Method:We gathered the RNA-seq and related clinical data for patients with CC from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.To identify lncRNAs linked to necroptosis,we then conducted univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.Co-expression network analysis,least absolute shrinkage selection operator(LASSO)regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression analyses were subsequently used to further filter necroptosis-related lncRNAs signature and construct a predictive model.Finally,we examined the medication sensitivity between the two risk groups.We performed a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA)to investigate the association between the predictive signature and the tumor immune microenvironment.Result:Six necroptosis-related lncRNAs(AL021807.1,AC026803.2,AC015819.1,AC233728.1,AL158166.1,NKILA)that are independently connected to the overall survival(OS)time of CC patients make up the signature we created.For predicting the 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates,the areas under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)were 0.72,0.791,and 0.808.It was determined that the risk score model was a separate prognostic component.The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the prognosis for CC patients in the high-risk category was worse.Low-risk CC patients had more active immune systems and responded better to PD1/L1 immunotherapy.Conclusion:The signature based on necroptosis-related lncRNAs is a reliable biomarker,which is more likely to independently predict the prognosis of patients with CC and offer a foundation for the pathogenesis of necroptosis-related lncRNAs in CC.It can also be utilized to direct the tailored therapy of CC patients.

Al基含能结构材料的Johnson-Cook本构模型及失效参数研究

利用万能实验机和Hopkinson杆装置测试了Al基含能结构材料在不同温度下的静动态力学性能,分析实验结果得到了温度效应和应变率效应对材料力学性能的影响及该合金的Johnson-Cook本构模型参数.结合二维数字图像相关(DIC)方法,研究了Al基含能结构材料的失效应变与应力三轴度及温度之间的关系,得到了该合金的Johnson-Cook失效模型参数.通过平面撞击实验获得了Al基含能结构材料粒子速度和应力波波速之间的经验线性关系和该合金的Grüneisen系数.基于实验获得的材料本构关系和状态方程参数,完成了Al基含能结构材料超高速撞击多层间隔薄钢板的数值模拟,结果表明,数值模拟中靶板的毁伤模式、破孔直径及弹坑主要散布区和实验结果吻合.

A double transition metal Ti_(2)NbC_(2)T_(x) MXene for enhanced lithium-ion storage

MXene,an emerging two-dimensional(2D)layered material,has received worldwide attention in various energy storage systems because of its excellent properties.Nevertheless,the low capacity of pristine MXene restricts its application in energy storage devices especially for the lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).To address the above issue,herein,a stable and highly conductive double transition metal MXene(Ti_(2)NbC_(2)T_(x)) is successfully fabricated,which provides enlarged interlayer spacing and excellent conductivity for fast ion diffusion and charge transfer.Taking the Ti_(2)NbC_(2)T_(x)s anode for LIBs,a superior specific capacity of 196.2 mAh·g-1and an excellent long-term cycling stability of~100%after 400cycles under 0.1 A·g^(-1) are achieved for LIBs.In particular,Ti_(2)NbC_(2)T_(x) delivers an impressive capacity retention of 81%over 4000 cycle under 1 A·g^(-1),outperforming the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) and various previously reported MXene-based materials.Our results offer an attractive strategy for the future application of MXene-based materials.

Recent advances in metal-free CDs/g-C_(3)N_(4) photocatalysts:Synthetic strategies,mechanism insight,and applications

Carbon dots/graphite carbon nitride(CDs/g-C_(3)N_(4)),a novel composite photocatalyst,has shown great po-tential for applications in energy regeneration and environmental remediation owing to its following advantages:metal-free,low cost,easily tunable,and excellent photocatalytic performance.Hence,we reviewed the development of synthetic strategies,photocatalytic enhancement mechanisms,and pho-tocatalytic applications of CDs/g-C_(3)N_(4) in this study.First,the three composite strategies of CDs and g-C_(3)N_(4)-self-assembly,solvothermal,and calcination polymerization are outlined,and their advantages and disadvantages are described in detail.Moreover,the photocatalytic enhancement mechanism of the com-posite strategies was elucidated according to the variation trends of CDs/g-C_(3)N_(4) band structure,electronic properties,light absorption range,and interfacial charge transfer.Then,the applications of CDs/g-C_(3)N_(4) in hydrogen evolution,pollutant degradation,CO_(2) reduction,and bacterial disinfection in recent years are reviewed systematically.Finally,the current obstacles and future research directions of CDs/g-C_(3)N_(4) are discussed from the perspective of preparation technology and practical applications,respectively.

Imatinib blocks tyrosine phosphorylation of Smad4 and restores TGF-β growth-suppressive signaling in BCR-ABL1-positive leukemia

Loss of TGF-β-mediated growth suppression is a major contributor to the development of cancers,best exemplified by loss-offunction mutations in genes encoding components of the TGF-βsignaling pathway in colorectal and pancreatic cancers.Alternatively,gain-of-function oncogene mutations can also disrupt antiproliferative TGF-βsignaling.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying oncogene-induced modulation of TGF-βsignaling have not been extensively investigated.Here,we show that the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 of chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)and the cellular ABL1 tyrosine kinases phosphorylate and inactivate Smad4 to block antiproliferative TGF-βsignaling.Mechanistically,phosphorylation of Smad4 at Tyr195,Tyr301,and Tyr322 in the linker region interferes with its binding to the transcription co-activator p300/CBP,thereby blocking the ability of Smad4 to activate the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)inhibitors and induce cell cycle arrest.In contrast,the inhibition of BCR-ABL1 kinase with Imatinib prevented Smad4 tyrosine phosphorylation and re-sensitized CML cells to TGF-β-induced antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic responses.Furthermore,expression of phosphorylation-site-mutated Y195F/Y301F/Y322F mutant of Smad4 in Smad4-null CML cells enhanced antiproliferative responses to TGF-β,whereas the phosphorylation-mimicking Y195E/Y301E/Y322E mutant interfered with TGF-βsignaling and enhanced the in vivo growth of CML cells.These findings demonstrate the direct role of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase in suppressing TGF-βsignaling in CML and explain how Imatinib-targeted therapy restored beneficial TGF-βanti-growth responses.

Intra-coronary administration of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products attenuates cardiac remodeling with decreased myocardial transforming growth factor-pl expression and fibrosis in minipigs with ischemia-reperfusion injury

Background The cardioprotective effects of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products （sRAGE） have not been evaluated in large animals and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intra-coronary administration of sRAGE on left ventricular function and myocardial remodeling in a porcine model of ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） injury. Methods Ten male minipigs with I/R injury were randomly allocated to receive intra-coronary administration of sRAGE （sRAGE group, n=5） or saline （control group, n=5）. Echocardiography was performed before and 2 months after infarction. Myocardial expression of transforming growth factor （TGF）-β1 was determined by immunohistochemistry and fibrosis was evaluated by Sirius red staining. Results As compared with the baseline values in the control animals, left ventricular end-diastolic volume （from （19.5±5.1） to （32.3±5.6） ml, P 〈0.05） and end-systolic volume （from （8.3±3.2） to （15.2±4.1） ml, P 〈0.05） were significantly increased, whereas ejection fraction was decreased （from （61.6±13.3）% to （50.2±11.9）%, P 〈0.05）. No obvious change in these parameters was observed in the sRAGE group. Myocardial expression of TGF-β1 was significantly elevated in the infarct and non-infarct regions in the control group, as compared with sRAGE group （both P 〈0.01）. Fibrotic lesions were consistently more prominent in the infarct region of the myocardium in the control animals （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Intra-coronary sRAGE administration attenuates RAGE-mediated myocardial fibrosis and I/R injury through a TGF-β1-dependent mechanism, suggesting a clinical potential in treating RAGE/ligand-associated cardiovascular diseases.

Uncommon N-Methoxyindolediketopiperazines from Acrostalagmus luteoalbus,a Marine Algal Isolate of Endophytic Fungus

Main observation and conclusion Four new N-methoxyindolediketopiperazines(acrozines D—G,1—4)and six known congeners(5—10)were purified from the organic extract of Acrostalagmus luteoalbus TK-43,which was a marine algal-derived fungus obtained from Codium fragile.Their structures were determined by interpretation of NMR and mass spectroscopic data.The structures of compounds 1,2,and 4 including their absolute configurations were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,while the absolute configuration of compound 3 was elucidated by comparative analysis of ECD and TDDFT-ECD calculations.Compounds 1—4,with a unique methoxy substitution at N-2,were rarely discovered among indolediketopiperazine alkaloids.All these compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against human-and aquatic-pathogenic bacteria and plant-related pathogenic fungi,with compounds 5 and 7 exhibiting potent activity against Edwardsiella icataluri(MIC=3 and 5μmol/L,respectively),while compound 9 displayed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities.The four new compounds were further tested for anti-acetylcholinesterase(AChE)properties,and compound 3 exhibited inhibitory activity with IC_(50)value of 8.4μmol/L.

Magnetic resonance imaging for chronic pain:diagnosis,manipulation,and biomarkers

Pain is a multidimensional subjective experience with biological,psychological,and social factors.Whereas acute pain can be a warning signal for the body to avoid excessive injury,long-term and ongoing pain may be developed as chronic pain.There are more than 100 million people in China living with chronic pain,which has raised a huge socioeconomic burden.Studying the mechanisms of pain and developing effective analgesia approaches are important for basic and clinical research.Recently,with the development of brain imaging and data analytical approaches,the neural mechanisms of chronic pain have been widely studied.In the first part of this review,we briefly introduced the magnetic resonance imaging and conventional analytical approaches for brain imaging data.Then,we reviewed brain alterations caused by several chronic pain disorders,including localized and widespread primary pain,primary headaches and orofacial pain,musculoskeletal pain,and neuropathic pain,and present meta-analytical results to show brain regions associated with the pathophysiology of chronic pain.Next,we reviewed brain changes induced by pain interventions,such as pharmacotherapy,neuromodulation,and acupuncture.Lastly,we reviewed emerging studies that combined advanced machine learning and neuroimaging techniques to identify diagnostic,prognostic,and predictive biomarkers in chronic pain patients.

Thermodynamic and economic analyses of a coal and biomass indirect coupling power generation system

The coal and biomass coupling power genera-tion technology is considered as a promising technology for energy conservation and emission reduction.In this paper,a novel coal and biomass indirect coupling system is proposed based on the technology of biomass gasification and co-combustion of coal and gasification gas.For the sake of comparison,a coal and biomass direct coupling system is also introduced based on the technology of co-combustion of coal and biomass.The process of the direct and the indirect coupling system is simulated.The thermodynamic and economic performances of two systems are analyzed and compared.The simulation indicates that the thermodynamic performance of the indirect coupling system is slightly worse,but the economic performance is better than that of the direct coupling system.When the blending ratio of biomass is 20%,the energy and exergy fficiencies of the indirect coupling system are 42.70%and 41.14%,the intemal rate of returm(IRR)and discounted payback period(DPP)of the system are 25.68%and 8.56 years.The price fluctuation of fuels and products has a great influence on the economic performance of the indirect coupling system.The environmental impact analysis indicates that the indirect coupling system can inhibit the propagation of NOx and reduce the environmental cost.

Analysis of COVID-19 Guideline Quality and Change of Recommendations:A Systematic Review

Background.Hundreds of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)and expert consensus statements have been developed and published since the outbreak of the epidemic.However,these CPGs are of widely variable quality.So,this review is aimed at systematically evaluating the methodological and reporting qualities of COVID-19 CPGs,exploring factors that may influence their quality,and analyzing the change of recommendations in CPGs with evidence published.Methods.We searched five electronic databases and five websites from 1 January to 31 December 2020 to retrieve all COVID-19 CPGs.The assessment of the methodological and reporting qualities of CPGs was performed using the AGREE II instrument and RIGHT checklist.Recommendations and evidence used to make recommendations in the CPGs regarding some treatments for COVID-19(remdesivir,glucocorticoids,hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine,interferon,and lopinavir-ritonavir)were also systematically assessed.And the statistical inference was performed to identify factors associated with the quality of CPGs.Results.We included a total of 92 COVID-19 CPGs developed by 19 countries.Overall,the RIGHT checklist reporting rate of COVID-19 CPGs was 33.0%,and the AGREE II domain score was 30.4%.The overall methodological and reporting qualities of COVID-19 CPGs gradually improved during the year 2020.Factors associated with high methodological and reporting qualities included the evidence-based development process,management of conflicts of interest,and use of established rating systems to assess the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.The recommendations of only seven(7.6%)CPGs were informed by a systematic review of evidence,and these seven CPGs have relatively high methodological and reporting qualities,in which six of them fully meet the Institute of Medicine(IOM)criteria of guidelines.Besides,a rapid advice CPG developed by the World Health Organization(WHO)of the seven CPGs got the highest overall scores in methodological(72.8%)and reporting qualities(83.8%).Many CPGs covered the same clinical questions(it refers to the clinical questions on the effectiveness of treatments of remdesivir,glucocorticoids,hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine,interferon,and lopinavirritonavir in COVID-19 patients)and were published by different countries or organizations.Although randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews on the effectiveness of treatments of remdesivir,glucocorticoids,hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine,interferon,and lopinavir-ritonavir for patients with COVID-19 have been published,the recommendations on those treatments still varied greatly across COVID-19 CPGs published in different countries or regions,which may suggest that the CPGs do not make sufficient use of the latest evidence.Conclusions.Both the methodological and reporting qualities of COVID-19 CPGs increased over time,but there is still room for further improvement.The lack of effective use of available evidence and management of conflicts of interest were the main reasons for the low quality of the CPGs.The use of formal rating systems for the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations may help to improve the quality of CPGs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.During the pandemic,we suggest developing a living guideline of which recommendations are supported by a systematic review for it can facilitate the timely translation of the latest research findings to clinical practice.We also suggest that CPG developers should register the guidelines in a registration platform at the beginning for it can reduce duplication development of guidelines on the same clinical question,increase the transparency of the development process,and promote cooperation among guideline developers all over the world.Since the International Practice Guideline Registry Platform has been created,developers could register guidelines prospectively and internationally on this platform.

Identify potential neuroimaging-based scalp acupuncture and neuromodulation targets for anxiety

Anxiety is a common psychiatric symptom with unsatisfactory treatment.Scalp acupuncture is a new type of acupuncture based on the functions of different brain regions.However,recent brain neuroimaging findings have not been well-integrated into scalp acupuncture practice and research since it was developed.In parallel,recently developed brain stimulation methods have also been applied to treat anxiety.In this study,we integrated meta-analysis(using Neurosynth),resting-state functional connectivity,and diffusion tensor imaging(using the amygdala as the region of interest)to identify potential locations of scalp acupuncture/neuromodulation for anxiety.We found that the superior/middle frontal gyrus,middle/superior temporal gyrus,precentral gyrus,supplementary motor area,supramarginal gyrus,angular gyrus,and superior/inferior occipital gyrus are involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety,and,thus,may be used as the target areas of scalp stimulation for alleviating anxiety.Integrating multidisciplinary brain methods to identify key surface cortical areas associated with a certain disorder may shed light on the development of scalp acupuncture/neuromodulation,particularly in the domain of identifying stimulation locations.

Chemical diversity and biological function of indolediketopiperazines from marine-derived fungi

Natural products from marine-derived fungi have attracted considerable attention in the recent two decades.Indolediketopiperazines are one of the most important classes of marine natural products,mainly discovered from the fungal genera Penicillium,Aspergillus and Eurotium.These compounds span a wide range of chemical structures and bioactivities.This review summarizes 155 indolediketopiperazines that were discovered from marine-derived fungi from 2000 to early 2019 and primarily focuses on their chemical diversity and biological function.