China Ramps up Anti-Corruption Eforts

WE are in a new era,and China’s anti-corruption drive is pressing ahead with new momentum.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)the central leadership has cracked a series of high-profile corruption cases that involve both high-ranking "tigers" and lowly "flies" as well as those who have fled the country,demonstrating its zero-tolerance for such misfeasance.It has been evident,

Foreign-invested Companies are Self-willed or China's Antitrust Law Enforcement is Prejudicial?

It is the ninth year for China to implement the Antitrust Law and the law enforcement has been seeing plenty of new measures,which helps the Law keep improving.Since the year of 2014,the antitrust law enforcement division of the State Council has disclosed a series of sensational antitrust investigation cases and the foreign-invested companies serve as a target among these cases.For instance,the"

China Grows Amid Reform

China is now entering a vital stage of economic transformation and industrial upgrading.The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in November is expected to start a new round of reform and inject new impetus into China’s growth.

The Intellectual Property Court Edges Its Way Forward

INTELLECTUAL property is highly valued the world over,including in China.The Decision on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform,released in November 2013 at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,said explicitly:"We will strengthen the application and protection of intellectual property rights(IPR),improve the technological innovation incentive mechanism,and explore ways

Revised Budget Law——A Reflection of Transformation

THE revisions last August to China’s Budget Law were the first since it took effect in 1995.It has thus taken more than a decade to revise a law so important it has been dubbed the"Economic Constitution."Response to the Demand for Change China’s Budget Law was promulgated in 1994 and took effect in 1995.Over the ensuing two decades Chinese society has witnessed dramatic changes–in economic development,state governance,and also public opinion and understanding of the budget.Social

Social Equity and Justice via Judicial Reform

AS China undergoes rapid economic and social development and its people’s judicial demands exponentially grow,it becomes more and more important that the population feels proper justice is served in every legal case.This is to be achieved by deepening the reform of the judicial system and enhancing judicial credibility.Resolved to comprehensively promote the rule of law,

Multinationals in China Must Operate According to Law

A few months ago,the Glaxo SmithKline(GSK)China bribery allegations have sent shockwaves through the country’s pharmaceutical sector,stirring uproar both in China and overseas.On July 11,2013,the Ministry of Public Security in China officially opened investigations into the suspected economic crimes of some of GSK’s senior executives.The company was accused of bribing,in cash or other benefits,gov-

论我国竞争政策实施机制的体系性优化路径

竞争政策是现代国家治理经济的基础性工具,也是我国推进经济治理现代化的制度选择。尽管我国已通过修法在《反垄断法》中确立了竞争政策基础地位,但实践中如何贯彻落实这一政策定位仍面临着诸多挑战和瓶颈,因而亟需通过评估我国竞争政策实施现状,坚持问题导向、以解决问题为指引,在尊重市场规律和遵循法治逻辑基础上,构建竞争政策实施优化原则,并依此健全我国竞争政策实施机制体系,进一步推进竞争形势分析、重点行业竞争失序监测预警、市场竞争状况评估以及执法效果评估等重要机制的完善和实施,以更好地满足我国经济治理的内在要求和高质量发展的制度需要。

公平竞争审查机制的制度检讨及路径优化

我国建立的公平竞争审查制度的定位是以自我审查为主要实践路径的行政机关内部决策合法性审查机制,这其实只是依法行政原则在行政权力内部运行机制中的具体展开和实践体现,而非创新之举。公平竞争审查制度实施的文本规范呈现出严重的同质化倾向,且实践模式单一僵化,无法形成有效的外部化约束,预设的制度效果难以期至,确有反思与检讨之必要。在考量现行制度的基础上,应重新审视公平竞争审查机制在经济治理中的地位和作用,适时将其拓展为行政权力运行的外部监督机制,并内化至现行的法律法规等规范性文件制定程序约束机制之中,从整个法治体系层面优化其实践路径并不断完善外在保障机制,从而以最低的治理成本获得最优的竞争效果、营造公平有序的营商环境。

中国平台经济反垄断监管的挑战及其应对

平台经济领域的垄断问题随着平台经济的兴起而逐渐成为全球关注的话题,如何有效规制平台经济中的垄断行为是中国经济高质量发展进程中无法回避的课题。平台经济领域确实涌现了诸如“二选一”“大数据杀熟”“封禁”“自我优待”等行为,但究其本质来说与既有反垄断法调整的垄断行为并无二致,可通过法律解释操作机制将具体个案涵摄于相应的条文规范之中。然而,这其中仍面临不少挑战,对平台经济的认知、对现行反垄断规则的解释以及经济分析的应用等因素都可能制约反垄断监管的效果。因此,优化平台经济反垄断监管规则和机制确有必要,但首先应对平台经济开展市场竞争状况评估,明确平台经济领域竞争状况和垄断问题,在此基础上以修法为契机明确国家鼓励平台经济发展的态度并以指南或部门规章等形式完善相应的监管规则,充分发挥经济分析的积极作用,以切实提高平台经济反垄断监管的质量和效果。

竞争治理的逻辑体系及其法治化

竞争是市场经济的核心机制,是现代国家获得经济增长与繁荣的最有效手段。我国在全面深化改革进程中推进竞争治理,既是市场规律的法治化表达,也是宪法承诺的制度实践,更是打破转型与增长并存这一困境的治理要求。我国经济的发展已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,但仍面临着竞争与法治双重短缺的挑战,经济增长呈现出竞争先天不足与后天垄断并存的问题。仅凭反垄断法这一单向线性规制工具,该问题无法得以消解,因而我们不得不将治理范式转向包容性思维,从战略、规划和政策三个逻辑层面来构建竞争治理体系,通过法治化路径将竞争确立为经济增长的内生驱动机制,以法治保障竞争,以竞争促进法治,从而实现高质量发展。

《反垄断法》文本的优化及其路径选择——以《反垄断法》修订为背景

《中华人民共和国反垄断法》自颁布实施以来在打击垄断、维护竞争方面着实发挥了积极作用,但因经济形势变化、简约型立法思维以及法律解释机制局限性等原因使得《中华人民共和国反垄断法》文本在实践中时常呈现出规范供给不足的结构性缺陷,无法有效满足垄断规制的规范诉求。通过对我国反垄断实践进行总结和梳理发现,《中华人民共和国反垄断法》文本存在着诸如语辞表达过于原则、逻辑结构不周延以及规范回应性不足等结构性问题,难以凭借法律解释机制予以弥补或解决,因而适时启动《中华人民共和国反垄断法》修订工作不仅必要而且十分紧迫。修法应当强化竞争政策在我国经济治理中的基础性地位,但不宜无限放大反垄断法的功能与边界,而应维护其纯粹性,尊重立法宗旨并优化相应的制度安排。因此,理顺逻辑、弥补缺陷、消减错位条款等具体举措成为《中华人民共和国反垄断法》文本优化的路径选择,这不仅有利于消弭文本规范的结构性缺陷,而且能够有效回应我国垄断规制的制度需求,从而使得《中华人民共和国反垄断法》文本更好地适应垄断规制需求、促进经济治理效益最优化。

平台经济领域监管问题研讨

2021年3月15日召开的中央财经委员会第九次会议强调,从构筑国家竞争新优势的战略高度出发,坚持发展和规范并重,把握平台经济发展规律,建立健全平台经济治理体系。基于此,2021年4月1日,中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所《国际经济评论》编辑部、中国世界经济学会联合组织"平台经济领域监管问题"研讨会。与会学者就反垄断、公平竞争等平台经济领域监管问题展开了深入研讨。数字经济的产生机制和运行规范与传统经济存在较大差异,平台经济领域的监管应充分考虑数据要素的特征,科学构筑竞争政策体系,有效区分竞争政策工具与其他政策工具之间的关系。掌握适当尺度,既有序监管又促进创新。开展实证研究来判定企业家决策行为,借鉴国际经验加强市场研究来系统梳理行业中存在的问题。区分垄断、资本无序扩张、不正当竞争、隐私泄露、网络安全等不同问题,防止"一刀切"的监管现象,进行精准施策、分类监管。增强监管的确定性,避免过分刻意在法律文本里追求创新。