Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease,which leads to decreased bone mass and an increased risk of fragility fractures.Currently,there are many anti-resorption drugs and osteosynthesis drugs,which are effective in th...Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease,which leads to decreased bone mass and an increased risk of fragility fractures.Currently,there are many anti-resorption drugs and osteosynthesis drugs,which are effective in the treatment of osteoporosis,but their usage is limited due to their contraindications and side effects.In regenerative medicine,the unique repair ability of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)has been favored by researchers.The exosomes secreted by MSCs have signal transduction and molecular delivery mechanisms,which may have therapeutic effects.In this review,we describe the regulatory effects of MSCs-derived exosomes on osteoclasts,osteoblasts,and bone immunity.We aim to summarize the preclinical studies of exosome therapy in osteoporosis.Furth-ermore,we speculate that exosome therapy can be a future direction to improve bone health.展开更多
Dear Editor,Artemisinin,which has potent antimalarial properties,is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide originally isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua.However,the artemisinin content in wild...Dear Editor,Artemisinin,which has potent antimalarial properties,is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide originally isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua.However,the artemisinin content in wild-type(WT)A.annua is low(1-10 mg/g dry weight),leading to its erratic supply and price fluctuations[1].展开更多
The performance degradation of gate-recessed metal–oxide–semiconductor high electron mobility transistor(MOSHEMT)is compared with that of conventional high electron mobility transistor(HEMT)under direct current(DC)s...The performance degradation of gate-recessed metal–oxide–semiconductor high electron mobility transistor(MOSHEMT)is compared with that of conventional high electron mobility transistor(HEMT)under direct current(DC)stress,and the degradation mechanism is studied.Under the channel hot electron injection stress,the degradation of gate-recessed MOS-HEMT is more serious than that of conventional HEMT devices due to the combined effect of traps in the barrier layer,and that under the gate dielectric of the device.The threshold voltage of conventional HEMT shows a reduction under the gate electron injection stress,which is caused by the barrier layer traps trapping the injected electrons and releasing them into the channel.However,because of defects under gate dielectrics which can trap the electrons injected from gate and deplete part of the channel,the threshold voltage of gate-recessed MOS-HEMT first increases and then decreases as the conventional HEMT.The saturation phenomenon of threshold voltage degradation under high field stress verifies the existence of threshold voltage reduction effect caused by gate electron injection.展开更多
BACKGROUND Fat embolism syndrome(FES)is a rare disease characterized by pulmonary distress,neurologic symptoms,and petechial rash and seriously threatens human life and health.It is still neglected clinically because ...BACKGROUND Fat embolism syndrome(FES)is a rare disease characterized by pulmonary distress,neurologic symptoms,and petechial rash and seriously threatens human life and health.It is still neglected clinically because of the lack of verifiable diagnostic criteria and atypical clinical symptoms.No studies on FES with pulmonary embolism(PE)and tympanic membrane perforation have been reported to date.Here,we report a rare case of concomitant FES,PE and tympanic membrane perforation after surgery in a patient with a tibiofibular fracture.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old man presented with right lower extremity pain due to a car accident while driving a motorbike on the road.X-ray and computed tomography scans revealed a fracture of the right mid-shaft tibia and proximal fibula categorized as a type A2 fracture according to the AO classification.A successful minimally invasive operation was performed 3 d after the injury.Postoperatively,the patient developed sudden symptoms of respiratory distress and hearing loss.Early diagnosis was made,and supportive treatments were used at the early stage of FES.Seven days after surgery,he presented a clear recovery from respiratory symptoms.The outcome of fracture healing was excellent,and his hearing of the left ear was mildly impaired at the last follow-up of 4 mo.CONCLUSION Concomitant FES,PE and tympanic membrane perforation are very rare but represent potentially fatal complications of trauma or orthopedic surgery and present with predominantly pulmonary symptoms.Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the mortality of FES,and prevention is better than a cure.展开更多
Influences of off-state overdrive stress on the fluorine-plasma treated AlGaN/GaN high-electronic mobility transistors(HEMTs)are experimentally investigated.It is observed that the reverse leakage current between the ...Influences of off-state overdrive stress on the fluorine-plasma treated AlGaN/GaN high-electronic mobility transistors(HEMTs)are experimentally investigated.It is observed that the reverse leakage current between the gate and source decreases after the off-state stress,whereas the current between the gate and drain increases.By analyzing those changes of the reverse currents based on the Frenkel–Poole model,we realize that the ionization of fluorine ions occurs during the off-state stress.Furthermore,threshold voltage degradation is also observed after the off-state stress,but the degradations of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs treated with different F-plasma RF powers are different.By comparing the differences between those devices,we find that the F-ions incorporated in the GaN buffer layer play an important role in averting degradation.Lastly,suggestions to obtain a more stable fluorine-plasma treated AlGaN/GaN HEMT are put forwarded.展开更多
An ordered hollow M0S2 nanocages/RGO nanocomposite is constructed by a simple solvothermal-assisted assembly method combined with freeze-drying and annealing.In this novel nanostructure,hollow M0S2 nanocages are homog...An ordered hollow M0S2 nanocages/RGO nanocomposite is constructed by a simple solvothermal-assisted assembly method combined with freeze-drying and annealing.In this novel nanostructure,hollow M0S2 nanocages are homogeneously distributed on graphene sheets with a tight bond of C-O-Mo.The nanosized and hollow MoS2 nanocages can effectively accommodate the huge volume change during charge/discharge process and increase the number of electrochemical reaction active sites,accelerating the kinetics of lithiation/delithiation.The tight C-O-Mo bond between graphene and MoS2 further reinforces the structural stability,thus improve the electrical conductivity and substantially enhance the lithium storage performance of M0S2 anode material.As a result,this novel nanocomposite shows a long-cycle stability of 717.4 mAh·g^-1 after 800 cycles at a high current density of 3 A·g^-1,exhibiting great potential as an anode nanocomposite for advanced lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81703533Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,No.20ZR1449500+2 种基金Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical Engineering Cross Fund,No.YG2019GD02Science Technology Development Fund of Shanghai Pudong New Area,No.PKJ2020-Y28Medical Discipline Construction Project of Pudong Health Committee of Shanghai,No.PWYts2021-05.
文摘Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease,which leads to decreased bone mass and an increased risk of fragility fractures.Currently,there are many anti-resorption drugs and osteosynthesis drugs,which are effective in the treatment of osteoporosis,but their usage is limited due to their contraindications and side effects.In regenerative medicine,the unique repair ability of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)has been favored by researchers.The exosomes secreted by MSCs have signal transduction and molecular delivery mechanisms,which may have therapeutic effects.In this review,we describe the regulatory effects of MSCs-derived exosomes on osteoclasts,osteoblasts,and bone immunity.We aim to summarize the preclinical studies of exosome therapy in osteoporosis.Furth-ermore,we speculate that exosome therapy can be a future direction to improve bone health.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0900600)the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(OPP1199872 and INV-027291)+6 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722851)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274047,31770327,32070329,82003889)SJTU Trans-med Awards Research(20190104)SJTU Global Strategic Partnership Fund(2020 SJTU-CORNELL)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ21H280004)National Young Qihuang Scholars Training Programthe National‘Ten-thousand Talents Program’for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation in China.
文摘Dear Editor,Artemisinin,which has potent antimalarial properties,is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide originally isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua.However,the artemisinin content in wild-type(WT)A.annua is low(1-10 mg/g dry weight),leading to its erratic supply and price fluctuations[1].
基金the Laboratory Open Fund of Beijing Smart-chip Microelectronics Technology Co.Ltd and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11690042)+1 种基金the Science Challenge Project,China(Grant Nos.TZ2018004 and 12035019)the National Major Scientific Research Instrument Projects,China(Grant No.61727804)。
文摘The performance degradation of gate-recessed metal–oxide–semiconductor high electron mobility transistor(MOSHEMT)is compared with that of conventional high electron mobility transistor(HEMT)under direct current(DC)stress,and the degradation mechanism is studied.Under the channel hot electron injection stress,the degradation of gate-recessed MOS-HEMT is more serious than that of conventional HEMT devices due to the combined effect of traps in the barrier layer,and that under the gate dielectric of the device.The threshold voltage of conventional HEMT shows a reduction under the gate electron injection stress,which is caused by the barrier layer traps trapping the injected electrons and releasing them into the channel.However,because of defects under gate dielectrics which can trap the electrons injected from gate and deplete part of the channel,the threshold voltage of gate-recessed MOS-HEMT first increases and then decreases as the conventional HEMT.The saturation phenomenon of threshold voltage degradation under high field stress verifies the existence of threshold voltage reduction effect caused by gate electron injection.
基金The Subject Leadership Project of Shanghai Pudong New Area,No.PWRd2016-06the Featured Clinical Discipline Project of Shanghai Pudong,No.PWYts2018-03.
文摘BACKGROUND Fat embolism syndrome(FES)is a rare disease characterized by pulmonary distress,neurologic symptoms,and petechial rash and seriously threatens human life and health.It is still neglected clinically because of the lack of verifiable diagnostic criteria and atypical clinical symptoms.No studies on FES with pulmonary embolism(PE)and tympanic membrane perforation have been reported to date.Here,we report a rare case of concomitant FES,PE and tympanic membrane perforation after surgery in a patient with a tibiofibular fracture.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old man presented with right lower extremity pain due to a car accident while driving a motorbike on the road.X-ray and computed tomography scans revealed a fracture of the right mid-shaft tibia and proximal fibula categorized as a type A2 fracture according to the AO classification.A successful minimally invasive operation was performed 3 d after the injury.Postoperatively,the patient developed sudden symptoms of respiratory distress and hearing loss.Early diagnosis was made,and supportive treatments were used at the early stage of FES.Seven days after surgery,he presented a clear recovery from respiratory symptoms.The outcome of fracture healing was excellent,and his hearing of the left ear was mildly impaired at the last follow-up of 4 mo.CONCLUSION Concomitant FES,PE and tympanic membrane perforation are very rare but represent potentially fatal complications of trauma or orthopedic surgery and present with predominantly pulmonary symptoms.Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the mortality of FES,and prevention is better than a cure.
基金Project supported by the Laboratory Open Fund of Beijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology Co.,Ltdthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11690042 and 12035019)+1 种基金the National Major Scientific Research Instrument Projects(Grant No.61727804)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2022-JM-386)。
文摘Influences of off-state overdrive stress on the fluorine-plasma treated AlGaN/GaN high-electronic mobility transistors(HEMTs)are experimentally investigated.It is observed that the reverse leakage current between the gate and source decreases after the off-state stress,whereas the current between the gate and drain increases.By analyzing those changes of the reverse currents based on the Frenkel–Poole model,we realize that the ionization of fluorine ions occurs during the off-state stress.Furthermore,threshold voltage degradation is also observed after the off-state stress,but the degradations of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs treated with different F-plasma RF powers are different.By comparing the differences between those devices,we find that the F-ions incorporated in the GaN buffer layer play an important role in averting degradation.Lastly,suggestions to obtain a more stable fluorine-plasma treated AlGaN/GaN HEMT are put forwarded.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51772150,21808103)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20171012)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).The authors are grateful to Dr.Lin Gao and the Reviewers for their helpful suggestions and comments.
文摘An ordered hollow M0S2 nanocages/RGO nanocomposite is constructed by a simple solvothermal-assisted assembly method combined with freeze-drying and annealing.In this novel nanostructure,hollow M0S2 nanocages are homogeneously distributed on graphene sheets with a tight bond of C-O-Mo.The nanosized and hollow MoS2 nanocages can effectively accommodate the huge volume change during charge/discharge process and increase the number of electrochemical reaction active sites,accelerating the kinetics of lithiation/delithiation.The tight C-O-Mo bond between graphene and MoS2 further reinforces the structural stability,thus improve the electrical conductivity and substantially enhance the lithium storage performance of M0S2 anode material.As a result,this novel nanocomposite shows a long-cycle stability of 717.4 mAh·g^-1 after 800 cycles at a high current density of 3 A·g^-1,exhibiting great potential as an anode nanocomposite for advanced lithium-ion batteries.