PM3 method was used in this paper to optimize cellulose molecular structure which is the main component of biomass and a series of struc-tural parameter was attained. The single chain of cellulose (the degree of polym...PM3 method was used in this paper to optimize cellulose molecular structure which is the main component of biomass and a series of struc-tural parameter was attained. The single chain of cellulose (the degree of polymerization is 9) was simulated in different force fields by mo-lecular dynamic method. Energy history, depo-sition temperature and the cracked groups of simulation process in different force fields was gotten, of which Amber force field is quite matched to the experiments data. By simulating the process of cellulose thermal decomposition with MD which is based on Amber force field and quantum mechanics, we get the sequence of bond break of cellulose molecule and the first cracked group. Also, the first production was analyzed. The heating process includes two stages: vibrate at low temperature and break at high temperature (273k-375k) and breaking stage when the temperature of the system ar-rived at 375K.展开更多
Grapevine anthracnose is an important disease,responsible for mild to severe yield losses in grape production,and is also an important post harvest disease.The disease was studied in vineyards in six provinces in Chin...Grapevine anthracnose is an important disease,responsible for mild to severe yield losses in grape production,and is also an important post harvest disease.The disease was studied in vineyards in six provinces in China,with 34 isolates obtained from diseased grapes.Multi-gene(ACT,ITS,GAPDH,TUB2 and CHS)analysis coupled with morphology showed that Colletotrichum aenigma,C.hebeiense sp.nov.and C.viniferum were associated with grapevine anthracnose in China.Colletotrichum aenigma is reported for the first time as associated with grapevine anthracnose.Colletotrichum hebeiense is a new species introduced here.Pathogenicity testing showed that all species can infect grapes,causing anthracnose however,virulence of species and isolates showed great variation.Phylogenetic analysis showed that C.viniferum is a cryptic species and its taxonomy needs to be resolved in the future.展开更多
文摘PM3 method was used in this paper to optimize cellulose molecular structure which is the main component of biomass and a series of struc-tural parameter was attained. The single chain of cellulose (the degree of polymerization is 9) was simulated in different force fields by mo-lecular dynamic method. Energy history, depo-sition temperature and the cracked groups of simulation process in different force fields was gotten, of which Amber force field is quite matched to the experiments data. By simulating the process of cellulose thermal decomposition with MD which is based on Amber force field and quantum mechanics, we get the sequence of bond break of cellulose molecule and the first cracked group. Also, the first production was analyzed. The heating process includes two stages: vibrate at low temperature and break at high temperature (273k-375k) and breaking stage when the temperature of the system ar-rived at 375K.
基金The study is funded by CARS-30.There are many people to thank for their assistance with this work.The authors would like to thank Miss.Qin Tian for the help given to perform the pathogenicity tests and Miss.K.W.T.Chethana for the help given in phylogenetic analysis.Authors would like to thank the grape cultivators who provided the diseased fruits.K.D.Hyde thanks the National Research Council of Thailand,Colletotrichum grant number 54201020003 and The Chinese Academy of Sciences,project number 2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.This work was also supported by a grant from the National Plan of Science and Technology,King Abdulaziz City of Science and Technology,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia(10-Bio-965-02).M.M.R.S.Jayawardena would like to thank H.A.Ariyawansa,D.Udayanga for the support given.
文摘Grapevine anthracnose is an important disease,responsible for mild to severe yield losses in grape production,and is also an important post harvest disease.The disease was studied in vineyards in six provinces in China,with 34 isolates obtained from diseased grapes.Multi-gene(ACT,ITS,GAPDH,TUB2 and CHS)analysis coupled with morphology showed that Colletotrichum aenigma,C.hebeiense sp.nov.and C.viniferum were associated with grapevine anthracnose in China.Colletotrichum aenigma is reported for the first time as associated with grapevine anthracnose.Colletotrichum hebeiense is a new species introduced here.Pathogenicity testing showed that all species can infect grapes,causing anthracnose however,virulence of species and isolates showed great variation.Phylogenetic analysis showed that C.viniferum is a cryptic species and its taxonomy needs to be resolved in the future.
