清洗刷材质与刷洗速度对内镜导光软管内吸引管道清洗质量的影响

目的富士胃镜EG-450WR5与富士结肠镜EC-600WM导光软管内吸引管道的长度一致,选取1.70 m的导光软管内的吸引管道,分析不同刷洗速度与不同材质清洗刷对相同长度的胃镜和结肠镜导光软管内吸引管道清洗质量的影响,探讨内镜导光软管内吸引管道最佳的刷洗速度与清洗刷材质.方法选取该院内镜室2017年3月-2017年9月应用的160条内镜,胃镜EG-450WR5和结肠镜EC-600WM各80条,随机分为4组(A、B、C和D组),每组又分为两组(Ⅰ组,Ⅱ组),塑料材质海绵刷头清洗刷(Ⅰ组)和钢丝材质塑料刷头清洗刷(Ⅱ组),每组中均包括20条胃镜和20条肠镜.应用不同材质的清洗刷对4组(A、B、C和D组)采取速度分别为0.57、0.34、0.21和0.17 m/s,耗时分别用3、5、8和10 s,每条均进行100人次的清洗之后,对吸引管道进行菌落数监测,从而得出最佳的刷洗速度.对自购的8条导光软管内的吸引管道采用的速度分别为0.57、0.34、0.21和0.17 m/s,应用不同材质(塑料材质海绵刷头清洗刷;钢丝材质塑料刷头清洗刷)对吸引管道进行100次的清洗,之后用手术剪刀纵向抛开吸引管道用放大内镜进行观察,查看管道损害程度.结果 C组中钢丝材质塑料刷头速度在0.21 m/s清洗胃镜和结肠镜导光软管内的吸引管道时,细菌采样菌落数明显优于其他3组的清洗效果,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).对自购的8条导管软管内的吸引管道以4个速度、两种材质的刷子模拟进行100人次刷洗,C组管道内壁损坏程度优于其他3组.结论采用钢丝材质塑料刷头的清洗刷、刷洗速度在0.21 m/s(清洗时间为8 s),对胃镜和结肠镜导光软管内吸引管道清洗质量最佳.

Fabrication of Tl_(2)Ba_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(8) superconducting films without thallium pellets

A new improved two-step method in fabricating Tl_(2)Ba_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(8)(Tl-2212)thin films is presented in this paper.In the first process of dc magnetron sputtering,the thallium content in the precursor film is largely increased by adjusting the ratio of thallium in the sputtering targets.After the second annealing process in the absence of additional thallium pellets or powder source,high-quality Tl-2212 thin films can be obtained.The proper content of thallium in the precursor film provides a relatively stable atmosphere to guarantee the growth of Tl-2212 film.This method avoids the repeated production of the thallium pellets in the post-annealing process,the repeatability and controllability of the experiment are greatly improved.X-ray diffraction(XRD)scans show that all of the sharp peaks of the sample films can be assigned to the(00 l)peaks of Tl-2212 phase.The highest superconducting critical temperature(T_(c))of the films is 105 K and the critical current density(J_(c))can achieve 1.93 MA/cm^(2) in zero magnetic field at 77 K for a 600 nm film.

Growth of TlBa_2Ca_2Cu_3O_9 Epitaxial Thin Films by Two-Step Method in Argon

TlBa_2 Ca_2 Cu_3 O_9(Tl-1223) films have promising applications due to their high critical temperature and strong magnetic flux pinning. Nevertheless, the preparation of pure phase Tl-1223 film is still a challenge. We successfully fabricate Tl-1223 thin films on LaAlO_3(001) substrates using dc magnetic sputtering and a post annealing two-step method in argon atmosphere. The crystallization temperature of Tl-1223 films in argon is reduced by 100℃ compared to that in oxygen. This greatly reduces the volatilization of Tl and improves the surface morphology of films. The lower annealing temperature can effectively improve the repeatability of the Tl-1223 film preparation. In addition, pure Tl-1223 phase can be obtained in a broad temperature zone,from 790℃ to 830℃. In our study, the films show homogenous and dense surface morphology using the presented method. The best critical temperature of Tl-1223 films is characterized to be 110 K, and the critical current J_c(77 K, 0 T) is up to 2.13 × 106 A/cm^2.

Erratum to“Fabrication of Tl_(2)Ba_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(8) superconducting films without thallium pellets

The rocking curve of Tl-2212 thin films in Fig.2 of our original paper[1]should be replaced with the following new one.Accordingly,in the fifth paragraph of Section 3 of the original paper,the statement“The full width at half maximum(FWHM)of the(0012)peak of the Tl-2212 phase is about 0.24°”should be“The full width at half maximum(FWHM)of the(0012)peak of the Tl-2212 phase is about 0.42°”.

Erratum:Growth of TlBa2Ca2Cu3O9 Epitaxial Thin Films by Two-Step Method in Argon[Chin.Phys.Lett.36(2019)057401]

In Fig.2 of the article,[1]the figure caption should be“Rocking curve of the(006)peak of the Tl-1223 thin film”instead of“Rocking curve of the(003)peak of the Tl-1223 thin film”.The corresponding description of this figure should be“As shown in Fig.2,the full width at half maximum(FWHM)of the Tl-1223(006)reflection peak is only 0.58∘,which shows that the film possesses a good crystalline structure”,instead of“As shown in Fig.2,the FWHM of the Tl-1223(003)reflection peak is only 0.58∘,which shows that the film possesses a good crystalline structure”.

Pion-photon and kaon-photon transition distribution amplitudes in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model

The Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model is utilized to investigate the pion-and kaon-photon leading-twist transition distribution amplitudes using proper time regularization.Separately,the properties of the vector and axial vector pion-photon transition distribution amplitudes are examined,and the results meet the desired properties.Our study involves sum rule and polynomiality condition.The vector and axial vector pion-photon transition form factors that are present in theπ^(+)→γe^(+)νprocess are the first Mellin moments of the pion-photon transition distribution amplitudes.The vector transition form factor originates from the internal structure of hadrons,the axial current can be coupled to a pion,this pion is virtual,and its contribution will be present independently of the external hadrons.The kaon transition form factors are similar.The vector form factor's value at zero momentum transfer is determined by the axial anomaly,while this is not the case for the axial one.The vector and axial form factors,as well as the neutral pion vector form factor F_(πγγ)(t),are depicted.According to our findings,the pion axial transition form factor is harder than the vector transition form factor and harder than the electromagnetic form factor.We also discuss the link betweenπ−γandγ−πtransitions distribution amplitudes.

FoxO is required for optimal fitness of the migratory brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

The forkhead box O(FoxO)protein is the main transcriptional effector downstream of the insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway and regulates many developmental and physiological processes.Holometabolous insects with loss-of-function mutations in FoxO exhibit phenotypes distinct from those of hemimetabolous insects in which RNA interference was used.Despite the functional importance of FoxO,whether hemimetabolous insects share an evolutionally conserved function of FoxO with holometabolous insects remains to be clarified.We used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9(CRISPR/Cas9)genome editing-system to establish a homozygous FoxO-null mutant(NlFoxO^(4E))of the wing-dimorphic brown planthopper(BPH)Nilaparvata lugens,an economically important insect pest of rice fields.The phenotypes of NlFoxO^(4E) mutants included extended nymphal duration,shortened lifespan,reduced reproduction,and decreased stress resistance.In addition,depletion of NlFoxO promoted cell proliferation in wing buds and led to 100%long-winged morphs,in stark contrast to short-winged wild-type BPHs.These findings indicate that NlFoxO is highly functionally conserved with its counterpart in holometabolous insects,and is required for optimal fitness of N.lugens.The insights from FoxO studies may facilitate the identification of potential target genes for BPH control applications.

Regularization dependence of pion generalized parton distributions

Pion generalized parton distributions are calculated within the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model using different regularization schemes,including the proper time regularization scheme,the three-dimensional(3D)momentum cutoff scheme,the four-dimensional momentum cutoff scheme,and the Pauli-Villars regularization scheme.Furthermore,we check the theoretical constraints of pion generalized parton distributions required by the symmetries of quantum chromodynamics in different regularization schemes.The diagrams of pion parton distribution functions are plotted,in addition,we evaluate the Mellin moments of generalized parton distributions,which are related to the electromagnetic and gravitational form factors of pion.Pion generalized parton distributions are continuous but not differential at x=±ξ,when considering the effect of the contact contribution term,generalized parton distributions become not continuous at x=±ξin all the four regularization schemes.Generalized parton distributions in impact parameter space are considered,the width distribution of u quark in the pion and the meansquared<b_(⊥)^(2)>πu are calculated.The light-front transverse-spin distributions are studied when quark polarized in the light-front-transverse+x direction,the transverse-spin density is no longer symmetric around(bx=0,by=0),the peaks shift to(bx=0,by>0),we compare the average transverse shift<b_(⊥)^(y)>1u and<b_(⊥)^(y)>2u in different regularization schemes.The light-cone energy radius rE,LC and the light-cone charge radius rc,LC are also evaluated,we found that in the proper time regularization scheme the values of these quantities were the largest,in the 3 D momentum cutoff scheme they were the smallest.

Skyrmion stability at finite isospin chemical potential and temperature

The skyrmion stability at finite isospin chemical potentialμ_I is studied using the Skyrme Lagrangian with a finite pion mass m_π.A critical valueμ_(Ic)=■,above which a stable soliton does not exist,is found.We also explore some properties of the skyrmion as function of i.e.,the isoscalar rms radius and the isoscalar magnetic rms radius.Finally,considering the finite temperature effect on the skyrmion mass,we obtain a critical temperature T_c,using the profile function of the skyrmion,above which the skyrmion mass does not have a minimum,which can be interpreted as the occurrence of the deconfinement phase transition.

Discussion of thermodynamic features within the PNJL model

We discuss some thermodynamical features of a QCD system within the two-flavor Polyakov loop ex- tended Nambu Jona-Lasinio （PNJL） model. Several thermodynamical quantities of interest （pressure, energy density, specific heat, speed of sound, etc.） are investigated and discussed in detail with two different forms of Polyakov loop potential. The effective coupling strength G incorporating a quark feedback （quark condensate） through operator product expansion is also discussed, as well as the relationship between color deconfinement and chiral phase crossover. We find that some thermodynamical quantities have quite different behavior for different Polyakov loop potentials. By changing the characteristic temperature To of the pure Yang-Mills feld, we find that when To becomes small, color deconfinement might happen earlier than chiral phase crossover, while their relationship can be determined via some thermodynamical quantities. Furthermore, the behavior of the thermodynamical quantities is quite different in the two different forms of Polyakov loop potential studied. Especially, one of the potentials, specific heat, has two peaks, which correspond to color deconfinement and chiral phase crossover respectively. This interesting phenomenon may shed some light on whether the inflection points at the same temperature or not for lattice QCD and of the chiral condensate and deconfinement transitions happen experimental studies.