Nephrotoxicity and carcinogenesis of aristolochic acids and their derivates

Aristolochic acids （AAs）, a natural mixture of 8-methoxy-6-nitro-phenanthro-（3,4-d）-1,3-dioxolo-5-carboxylic acid （AAI）and 6-nitro-phenanthro-（3,4-d）-1,3-dioxolo-5-carboxylic acid （AAII）, derived from aristolochiaceae species, has beenreported to cause AAS-induced nephropathy and upper urothelial cancer. In this review, we summarize the informationon the nephrotoxicity and carcinogenesis of AAs and their derivatives. AAs nephrotoxicity can lead to apoptosis andoxidative stress of renal tubular cells, and inhibition of the expression of aquaporins. AAs can also reduce the capabilityfor renal tubular epithelial cell repair after acute injury and further produce renal fibrosis by activating TGF-β-Smadsignaling and promoting the migration of macrophages. Moreover, AAs-induced carcinogenesis may be due to theformation of covalent adducts with DNA which can lead to the mutation in certain tumor suppressor genes orproto-oncogenes and the different catalyzing capacity of the microsomal cytochrome P450 of individuals in AAImetabolism.

Network pharmacology： an important breakthrough in traditional Chinese medicine research

Objective： To study the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） research and network pharmacology. Methods： Discuss the common features of TCM and network pharmacology through the analysis of the characteristics of TCM, the background of network pharmacology, so as better interpretation of TCM and in-depth understanding of TCM research and network pharmacology. Results： Multicomponent and multitarget characteristics of TCM as same as the study thought of network pharmacology. Network pharmacology breaks through the research model of linear and coincides with the complexity of TCM, provides technical support for rational design of TCM formulae, both and a new way in the research of TCM. It becomes a new strategy for modern TCM research. Conclusion： Network pharmacology is an important breakthrough in TCM research, its research promote modernization and internationalization process of TCM conduce to the research and development of TCM and have important significance for the integration of Chinese and Western medicine.

On the regulation of PP2A and its role in controlling sister chromatid cohesion and microtubule-kinetochore attachment

Protein phosphatase 2A(PP2A)plays a critical multi-faceted role in the regulation of the cell cycle.PP2A is involved in such diverse processes by the formation of structurally distinct families of holoenzymes,which are regulated spatially and temporally by specific regulators.Mitosis requires the correct arrangement of sister chromatids so that replicated chromosomes can bind correctly to microtubules and segregate towards opposite poles.A large number of studies have shown that PP2A is mainly involved in a series of phosphorylation processes during the G2/M phase transition and the termination of M phase.Moreover,PP2A shows a more substantial contribution to sister chromatid cohesion and microtubule-kinetochore attachment.These processes are all crucial for proper cell survival and proliferation and are often deregulated in cancer and other diseases.

A novel and facile synthesis of 4-arylquinolin-2(1H)-ones under metal-free conditions

A novel and facile synthesis of 4-arylquinolin-2（1H）-ones without metal catalysis has been developed.This reaction involved cyclization/elimination steps and was performed under metal-free conditions using inexpensive reagents such as NaI, selectfluor and KOH.

KMnO4-mediated direct selective radical cross-coupling：An effective strategy for C2 arylation of quinoline N-oxide with arylboronic acids

Direct C—H functionalization of quinoline N-oxides with arylboronic acids is achieved using KMnOas the sole and efficient oxidative system.This method provides an efficient protocol to construct regioselectively 2-arylquinoline N-oxides via radical cross-coupling reaction in moderated to good yields under mild conditions.