Impacts of electroacupuncture at auricular concha on gastrointestinal motility in the rats with type 2 diabetes

Objective:To observe the impacts of electroacupuncture(EA)at auricular concha on gastrointestinal motility in the rats with type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods:A total of 30 SD male rats were collected.8 rats of them were in a control group and the rest22 rats were prepared as the model of T2D by intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin(STZ)and high-fat forage.Blood glucose≥16.7 mmol/L for 3 times was considered as modeling success in rats,thus the rats were collected in a T2D group(n=16).These 16 T2D rats were divided into a model group(n=8)and an intradermal auricular electroacupuncture stimulation(iaES)group(n=8)according to random number table.In the iaES group,intervention with EA was applied at auricular concha unilaterally each time,once daily,on both sides alternatively,5-day treatment as 1 course,at the interval of 2 days between courses,totally for 4 weeks.No any intervention was given in the model group and the control group.At the end of 4 weeks of intervention,the gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion were determined,ELISA method was adopted to determine gastrin(GAS)and motilin(MTL),and random blood glucose value and food intake were recorded in the iaES group,the model group and the control group successively.Results:After modeling,as compared with the control group,the food intake and random blood glucose were increased significantly(both P<0.001)and body weight was reduced obviously(P<0.01)in the T2D group.After intervention for 4 weeks,compared with the model group,the food intake and gastric content weight were obviously reduced(both P<0.05),the serum GAS content,gastric emptying and intestinal transit rate,as well as random blood glucose reduction were all higher(all P<0.05)in the rats of the iaES group,but the difference was not significant in MTL between the iaES groups and the model group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at auricular concha improves gastrointestinal motility in T2D model rats.

Stabilization technology and corrosion mechanism of rust layer on Q370 weathering steel surface

A newly developed rust layer on Q370qENH weathering steel(sample C)was studied under dry–wet cycle test of 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution and salt spray test,compared with the bare weathering steel(sample A)and the weathering steel with additive contents(CuSO_(4)0.2,FeSO_(4)0.1,NaHSO_(3)0.02,NaCl 0.02,Na_(2)HPO_(4)0.01,and water balance,in mass%,termed as sample B).Corrosion mechanism of Q370qENH weathering steel after different surface treatments was investigated by means of surface potential scanning,mass change,polarization curve,and X-ray diffraction.The results of X-ray diffraction indicate that rust of bare weathering steel has rare Fe_(3)O_(4),and a dense oxide layer mainly composed of Fe_(3)O_(4) is formed on rust of both sample B and sample C.The surface potential of sample A gradually increases to−0.2 V in the dry–wet cycle test,while the surface potential of sample A maintains at about−0.6 V in the salt spray test.The surface potential of sample B and sample C is higher than that of sample A in the early stage and remains stable during the short-term accelerated corrosion test.Moreover,the mass change of sample C gradually stabilizes with time in the dry–wet cycle and salt spray test.The corrosion current of the sample A is lower than that of sample C in the initial stage of short-term accelerated corrosion test.However,the corrosion current of sample C is smaller than that of the sample A in the experiment.The main components of the deep rust of sample A areγ-FeOOH andα-FeOOH,while those of the deep rust of sample B and sample C are Fe_(3)O_(4).