Clinical-radiomics predictors to identify the suitability of transarterial chemoembolization treatment in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma:A multicenter study

Background: Although transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) is the first-line therapy for intermediatestage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), it is not suitable for all patients. This study aimed to determine how to select patients who are not suitable for TACE as the first treatment choice. Methods: A total of 243 intermediate-stage HCC patients treated with TACE at three centers were retrospectively enrolled, of which 171 were used for model training and 72 for testing. Radiomics features were screened using the Spearman correlation analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) algorithm. Subsequently, a radiomics model was established using extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost) with 5-fold cross-validation. The Shapley additive explanations(SHAP) method was used to visualize the radiomics model. A clinical model was constructed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The combined model comprising the radiomics signature and clinical factors was then established. This model’s performance was evaluated by discrimination, calibration, and clinical application. Generalization ability was evaluated by the testing cohort. Finally, the model was used to analyze overall and progression-free survival of different groups. Results: A third of the patients(81/243) were unsuitable for TACE treatment. The combined model had a high degree of accuracy as it identified TACE-unsuitable cases, at a sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) of 0.759, 0.885, 0.906 [95% confidence interval(CI): 0.859-0.953] in the training cohort and 0.826, 0.776, and 0.894(95% CI: 0.815-0.972) in the testing cohort, respectively. Conclusions: The high degree of accuracy of our clinical-radiomics model makes it clinically useful in identifying intermediate-stage HCC patients who are unsuitable for TACE treatment.

Liver Transplantation Outcomes of HBV-,HCV-,and Alcohol-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States:Analysis of National Inpatient Samples

Objective Liver transplantation is a current treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The United States National Inpatient Sample database was utilized to identify risk factors that influence the outcome of liver transplantation,including locoregional recurrence,distant metastasis,and in-hospital mortality,in HCC patients with concurrent hepatitis B infection,hepatitis C infection,or alcoholic cirrhosis.Methods This retrospective cohort study included HCC patients(n=2391)from the National Inpatient Sample database who underwent liver transplantation and were diagnosed with hepatitis B or C virus infection,co-infection with hepatitis B and C,or alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver between 2005 and 2014.Associations between HCC etiology and post-transplant outcomes were examined with multivariate analysis models.Results Liver cirrhosis was due to alcohol in 10.5%of patients,hepatitis B in 6.6%,hepatitis C in 10.8%,and combined hepatitis B and C infection in 24.3%.Distant metastasis was found in 16.7%of patients infected with hepatitis B and 9%of hepatitis C patients.Local recurrence of HCC was significantly more likely to occur in patients with hepatitis B than in those with alcohol-induced disease.Conclusion After liver transplantation,patients with hepatitis B infection have a higher risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis.Postoperative care and patient tracking are essential for liver transplant patients with hepatitis B infection.

Tripartite intensive intervention for prevention of rebleeding in elderly patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage(HICH)is the rupture and bleeding of vessels of the cerebral parenchyma caused by continuously elevated or violently fluctuating blood pressure.The condition is characterized by high disability and high mortality.Hematoma formation and resulting space-occupying effects following intracerebral hemorrhage are among the key causes of impaired neurological function and disability.Consequently,minimally invasive clearance of the hematoma is undertaken for the treatment of HICH because it can effectively relieve intracranial hypertension.Therefore,special attention should be given to the quality of medical and nursing interventions in the convalescent period after minimally invasive hematoma clearance.AIM The study aim was to determine the value of intensive intervention,including doctors,nurses,and patient families,for the prevention of rebleeding in elderly patients with HICH during the first hospitalization for rehabilitation after the ictal event METHODS A total of 150 elderly HICH patients with minimally invasive hematoma evacuation in our hospital between May 2018 and May 2020 were selected and equally divided into two groups of 75 each by their planned intervention.The control group was given conventional nursing intervention and the observation group was given tripartite intensive intervention.The length of hospital stay,cost,complication rate,satisfaction rate,and rebleeding rate during hospitalization were recorded.Changes in cerebral blood flow indicators were recorded in both groups.Changes in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score,quality of life index(QLI)score,and health behavior score were evaluated at the National Institutes of Health.RESULTS Duration of hospitalization was shorter in the in the observation group than in the control group,the hospitalization cost was less than in the control group,and the rate of rebleeding during hospitalization was lower than in the control group(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups before treatment(all P>0.05).The mean flow rate(Qmean)and mean velocity(Vmean)of the two groups increased(P<0.05),and the dynamic resistance and peripheral resistance decreased(P<0.05).The Qmean and Vmean in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,the dynamic resistance and peripheral resistance of the blood vessels were also lower in the intervention group than in the control group(P<0.05).The difference in health behavior scores between the two groups before treatment was not significant(P>0.05).In both groups,the scores for healthy behaviors such as emotion control,medication adherence,dietary management,exercise management,and selfmonitoring were higher after than before treatment(P<0.05),and the scores of healthy behaviors in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the NIHSS and QLI scores between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).The QLI scores of the two groups increased(P<0.05),and the NIHSS scores decreased(P<0.05).The QLI scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the NIHSS score was correspondingly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of respiratory infections,pressure sores,central hyperpyrexia,and deep venous thrombosis was lower in the intervention group than in the control group.Accordingly,the satisfaction rate was higher in the treatment group than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Intensive intervention by doctors,nurses,and families of elderly patients with HICH reduced the rate of rebleeding during hospitalization.It also reduced the incidence of complications,promoted rehabilitation,improved the quality of life,and enhanced nerve function.Additionally,it improved satisfaction and promoted healthy behaviors.

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of exenatide in monkey plasma by tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry

A highly sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectro- metry （UPLC/MS/MS） method was developed for the quantification of the synthetic peptide drug of exenatide in monkey plasma. Sample preparation was carried out by solid-phase extraction （SPE）, and bivalirudin was used as the internal standard （IS）. An excellent chromatographic separation was obtained on a reversed-phase C1s column with a gradient elution. Detection utilized a Qtrap 5500 system operated in the positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring （MRM）. The proposed method was validated by assessing the specificity, linearity, intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy, recovery, and stability. The method resulted in a linear calibration range of 0.10-30 ng/mL, extracting with only 50 μL monkey plasma aliquots. The intra- and inter-day precisions （as relative standard deviation） were less than 7.5% and 9.6%, respectively. The methodcould be successfully utilized for the pharrnacokinetic study of exenatide in monkeys following a single subcutaneous injection of Byetta.

Morphologic characters and element content during development of Pinus tabuliformis seeds

An embryo classification system for Pinus tabuliformis Carr. was established by time-tracing sam- pling and observation of zygotic embryos. The zygotic embryos were divided into nine stages. Key elements of the zygotic embryo and female gametophyte （FG） tissue of P. tabuliformis were analyzed, using inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy. Several elements--includ- ing aluminum, iron, sodium, and copper--are found in both embryo and FG tissue. Boron, phosphorus, magnesium,zinc, and calcium are also required for zygotic embryo development and therefore accumulated. Manganese is selectively excluded from the embryo. The zygotic embryo development needs a low-sodium and high-potassium nutrition proportion. The results of elemental analysis from zygotic embryos and FGs can provide the mineral targets for optimizing the formulation of culture medium for somatic embryogenesis.

Dissociation of gas hydrates by hydrocarbon migration and accumulation-derived slope failures:An example from the South China Sea

The mechanism of slope failure associated with overpressure that is caused by hydrocarbon migration and accumulation remains unclear.High-resolution seismic data and gas hydrate drilling data collected from the Shenhu gas hydrate field(site SH5)offer a valuable opportunity to study the relations between submarine slope failure and hydrocarbon accumulation and flow that is associated with a~2 kmdiameter gas chimney developed beneath site SH5 where none gas hydrates had been recovered by drilling and sampling despite the presence of distinct bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs)and favorable gas hydrate indication.The mechanism of submarine slope failure resulted from buoyancy extrusion and seepage-derived deformation which were caused by overpressure from a~1100 m-high gas column in a gas chimney was studied via numerical simulation.The~9.55 MPa overpressure caused by hydrocarbons that migrated through the gas chimney and then accumulated beneath subsurface gas hydratebearing impermeable sediments.This may have resulted in a submarine slope failure,which disequilibrated the gas hydrate-bearing zone and completely decomposed the gas hydrate once precipitated at site SH5.Before the gas hydrate decomposition,the largely impermeable sediments overlying the gas chimney may have undergone a major upward deformation due to the buoyancy extrusion of the overpressure in the gas chimney,and slope failure was initiated from plastic strain of the sediments and reduced internal strength.Slope failure subsequently resulted in partial gas hydrate decomposition and sediment permeability increase.The pressurized gas in the gas chimney may have diffused into the overlying sediments controlled by seepage-derived deformation,causing an effective stress reduction at the base of the sediments and significant plastic deformation.This may have formed a new cycle of submarine slope failure and finally the total gas hydrate dissociation.The modeling results of buoyancy extrusion and seepage-derived deformation of the overpressure in the gas chimney would provide new understanding in the development of submarine slope failure and the link between slope failure and gas hydrate accumulation and dissociation.

Multiple enlarged growth of single crystal diamond by MPCVD with PCD-rimless top surface

We report the simultaneous enlarged growth of seven single crystal diamond(SCD) plates free from polycrystalline diamond(PCD) rim by using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition(MPCVD) system. Optical microscope and atomic force microscope(AFM) show the typical step-bunching SCD morphology at the center, edge, and corner of the samples. The most aggressively expanding sample shows a top surface area three times of that of the substrate. The effective surface expanding is attributed to the utilization of the diamond substrates with(001) side surfaces, the spacial isolation of them to allow the sample surface expanding, and the adoption of the reported pocket holder. Nearly constant temperature of the diamond surfaces is maintained during growth by only decreasing the sample height, and thus all the other growth parameters can be kept unchanged to achieve high quality SCDs. The SCDs have little stress as shown by the Raman spectra. The full width at half maximum(FWHM) data of both the Raman characteristic peak and(004) x-ray rocking curve of the samples are at the same level as those of the standard CVD SCD from Element Six Ltd. The nonuniformity of the sample thickness or growth rate is observed, and photoluminescence spectra show that the nitrogen impurity increases with increasing growth rate. It is found that the reduction of the methane ratio in the sources gas flow from 5% to 3% leads to decrease of the vertical growth rate and increase of the lateral growth rate. This is beneficial to expand the top surface and improve the thickness uniformity of the samples. At last, the convenience of the growth method transferring to massive production has also been demonstrated by the successful simultaneous enlarged growth of 14 SCD samples.

Rate-distortion optimized bitstream switching for peer-to-peer live streaming

Peer-to-peer (P2P) technology provides a cost-effective and scalable way to distribute video data. However, high heterogeneity of the P2P network, which rises not only from heterogeneous link capacity between peers but also from dynamic variation of available bandwidth, brings forward great challenge to video streaming. To attack this problem, an adaptive scheme based on rate-distortion optimization (RDO) is proposed in this paper. While low complexity RDO based frame dropping is exploited to shape bitrate into available bandwidth in peers, the streamed bitstream is dynamically switched among multiple available versions in an RDO way by the streaming server. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme based on RDO achieves great gain in overall perceived quality over simple heuristic schemes.

Successful treatment of congenital palate perforation: A case report

Congenital palate perforation is extremely rare.There is controversy about its exact etiology and appropriate management.Here,a case of congenital palatal perforation is reported.The diagnosis and treatment of the disease are summarized.CASE SUMMARY A full-term neonate boy was referred for oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery with a finding of a hole in the palate at birth.The operation was postponed after pediatric consultation because of the patient’s poor nutrition and underweight for his age.At the age of 10 mo,the patient underwent modified von Langenbeck palatoplasty.He was followed for four years after surgery without any signs of re-rupture.His speech was satisfactory.CONCLUSION Considering the anatomy and etiology,congenital palate perforation can be classified as isolated or associated with submucous cleft palate,and the treatment procedure should be altered accordingly.

Ascomycetes from karst landscapes of Guizhou Province, China

This study documents the morphology and phylogeny of ascomycetes collected from karst landscapes of Guizhou Prov-ince,China.Based on morphological characteristics in conjunction with DNA sequence data,70 species are identified and distributed in two classes(Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes),16 orders,41 families and 60 genera.One order Plani-sphaeriales,four families Leptosphaerioidaceae,Neoleptosporellaceae,Planisphaeriaceae and Profundisphaeriaceae,ten genera Conicosphaeria,Karstiomyces,Leptosphaerioides,Neoceratosphaeria,Neodiaporthe,Neodictyospora,Planispha-eria,Profundisphaeria,Stellatus and Truncatascus,and 34 species(Amphisphaeria karsti,Anteaglonium hydei,Atracto-spora terrestris,Conicosphaeria vaginatispora,Corylicola hydei,Diaporthe cylindriformispora,Dictyosporium karsti,Hysterobrevium karsti,Karstiomyces guizhouensis,Leptosphaerioides guizhouensis,Lophiotrema karsti,Murispora hydei,Muyocopron karsti,Neoaquastroma guizhouense,Neoceratosphaeria karsti,Neodiaporthe reniformispora,Neodictyospora karsti,Neoheleiosa guizhouensis,Neoleptosporella fusiformispora,Neoophiobolus filiformisporum,Ophioceras guizhouen-sis,Ophiosphaerella karsti,Paraeutypella longiasca,Paraeutypella karsti,Patellaria guizhouensis,Planisphaeria karsti,Planisphaeria reniformispora,Poaceascoma herbaceum,Profundisphaeria fusiformispora,Pseudocoleophoma guizhouen-sis,Pseudopolyplosphaeria guizhouensis,Stellatus guizhouensis,Sulcatispora karsti and Truncatascus microsporus)are introduced as new to science.Moreover,13 new geographical records for China are also reported,which are Acrocalymma medicaginis,Annulohypoxylon thailandicum,Astrosphaeriella bambusae,Diaporthe novem,Hypoxylon rubiginosum,Ophio-sphaerella agrostidis,Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis,Patellaria atrata,Polyplosphaeria fusca,Psiloglonium macrosporum,Sarimanas shirakamiense,Thyridaria broussonetiae and Tremateia chromolaenae.Additionally,the family Eriomycetaceae was resurrected as a non-lichenized family and accommodated within Monoblastiales.Detailed descriptions and illustrations of all these taxa are provided.

双层横向振荡格栅紊流特性的实验研究

该文设计制作了一套双层横向振荡格栅水槽,实验率定了双层横向振荡格栅中心区域紊流速度与振荡格栅冲程和频率的关系,并拟合出中心区域紊流三维均方根流速和紊动强度公式。同时实验确定了不同振幅和频率作用下均匀紊流区域的范围,计算了振荡格栅中心区域紊流的紊动积分尺度,并分析了紊动能量谱分布。实验研究证明双层横向振荡格栅中心区域一定范围内可以生成平均流速接近为零,近似天然明渠紊流特征的紊流场。据此,双层横向振荡格栅水槽可以为研究盐度扩散和泥沙运动规律等提供良好可控的水动力基础。

Size-controllable synthesis and high-performance formic acid oxidation of polycrystalline Pd nanoparticles

A facile approach was developed for the synthesis of polycrystalline palladium nanoparticles(Pd NPs)by using tannic acid(TA) as green reagent and stabilizer in a 30 ℃ water bath. The size of Pd NPs can be tuned in a range of 10–60 nm simply by adjusting the concentration of Pd precursor. The catalytic activity and stability of the as-obtained Pd NPs toward formic acid oxidation were analyzed. It is found that these Pd NPs with different sizes exhibit size-dependent and enhanced formic acid oxidation performance compared to the commercial Pd black catalyst. It should be noted that the Pd catalysts with an average size of 24 nm demonstrate the best catalytic activity and stability among the other prepared Pd NPs, which can be ascribed to its larger electrochemical surface area(ECSA)and polycrystalline structure with defects.

Influence of pump noise on the health of fish in a large pumping station

The axial flow pump,characteristic of a large flow,is widely used in pumping stations of hydraulic engineering.However,the internal noise of the axial-flow pump of a high sound pressure level is notable,with a great influence on the fishing livelihood.At present,the studies of the impact of the noise on fish are mainly focused on the explosion,the offshore wind power plant,the ship and other fields,with little attention on the noise generated by the pumping station.This paper applies the combination of the computational fluid dynamics and the Actran to study the sound pressure level distribution in the high-noise area inside the axial-flow pump and the noise distribution in the downstream areas of the pumping station.Extensive comparisons are made of the hearing threshold and the hearing damage threshold of fish,and it is revealed that the noise inside the axial-flow pump exceeds the hearing damage threshold of fish,which could lead to the hearing damage of over-pumped fish.Further,the noises emitted from the pumping station to the downstream are beyond the fish hearing threshold and will also have a significant impact on the fish around the pumping station.This study can provide a reference for studying the impact of the noise generated by various large-scale water transfer projects on fish.

Fungal diversity notes 367-490:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic papers where materials are examined,described and novel combinations are proposed where necessary to improve our traditional species concepts and provide updates on their classification.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets(rDNA,TEF-a,RBP2 and b-Tubulin)to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic position of taxa within appropriate ranks.Wherever new species or combinations are being proposed,we apply an integrative approach(morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable).Notes on 125 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including eight new genera,101 new species,two new combinations,one neotype,four reference specimens,new host or distribution records for eight species and one alternative morphs.The new genera introduced in this paper are Alloarthopyrenia,Arundellina,Camarosporioides,Neomassaria,Neomassarina,Neotruncatella,Paracapsulospora and Pseudophaeosphaeria.The new species are Alfaria spartii,Alloarthopyrenia italica,Anthostomella ravenna,An.thailandica,Arthrinium paraphaeospermum,Arundellina typhae,Aspergillus koreanus,Asterina cynometrae,Bertiella ellipsoidea,Blastophorum aquaticum,Cainia globosa,Camarosporioides phragmitis,Ceramothyrium menglunense,Chaetosphaeronema achilleae,Chlamydotubeufia helicospora,Ciliochorella phanericola,Clavulinopsis aurantiaca,Colletotrichum insertae,Comoclathris italica,Coronophora myricoides,Cortinarius fulvescentoideus,Co.nymphatus,Co.pseudobulliardioides,Co.tenuifulvescens,Cunninghamella gigacellularis,Cyathus pyristriatus,Cytospora cotini,Dematiopleospora alliariae,De.cirsii,Diaporthe aseana,Di.garethjonesii,Distoseptispora multiseptata,Dis.tectonae,Dis.tectonigena,Dothiora buxi,Emericellopsis persica,Gloniopsis calami,Helicoma guttulatum,Helvella floriforma,H.oblongispora,Hermatomyces subiculosa,Juncaceicola italica,Lactarius dirkii,Lentithecium unicellulare,Le.voraginesporum,Leptosphaeria cirsii,Leptosphaeria irregularis,Leptospora galii,Le.thailandica,Lindgomyces pseudomadisonensis,Lophiotrema bambusae,Lo.fallopiae,Meliola citri-maximae,Minimelanolocus submersus,Montagnula cirsii,Mortierella fluviae,Muriphaeosphaeria ambrosiae,Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi,Neomassaria fabacearum,Neomassarina thailandica,Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisi,Neo.cytisinus,Neo.minima,Neopestalotiopsis cocoe¨s,Neopestalotiopsis musae,Neoroussoella lenispora,Neotorula submersa,Neotruncatella endophytica,Nodulosphaeria italica,Occultibambusa aquatica,Oc.chiangraiensis,Ophiocordyceps hemisphaerica,Op.lacrimoidis,Paracapsulospora metroxyli,Pestalotiopsis sequoiae,Peziza fruticosa,Pleurotrema thailandica,Poaceicola arundinis,Polyporus mangshanensis,Pseudocoleophoma typhicola,Pseudodictyosporium thailandica,Pseudophaeosphaeria rubi,Purpureocillium sodanum,Ramariopsis atlantica,Rhodocybe griseoaurantia,Rh.indica,Rh.luteobrunnea,Russula indoalba,Ru.pseudoamoenicolor,Sporidesmium aquaticivaginatum,Sp.olivaceoconidium,Sp.pyriformatum,Stagonospora forlicesenensis,Stagonosporopsis centaureae,Terriera thailandica,Tremateia arundicola,Tr.guiyangensis,Trichomerium bambusae,Tubeufia hyalospora,Tu.roseohelicospora and Wojnowicia italica.New combinations are given for Hermatomyces mirum and Pallidocercospora thailandica.A neotype is proposed for Cortinarius fulvescens.Reference specimens are given for Aquaphila albicans,Leptospora rubella,Platychora ulmi and Meliola pseudosasae,while new host or distribution records are provided for Diaporthe eres,Di.siamensis,Di.foeniculina,Dothiorella iranica,Do.sarmentorum,Do.vidmadera,Helvella tinta and Vaginatispora fuckelii,with full taxonomic details.An asexual state is also reported for the first time in Neoacanthostigma septoconstrictum.This paper contributes to a more comprehensive update and improved identification of many ascomycetes and basiodiomycetes.

Fungal diversity notes 111-252-taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa,including five new families,20 new genera,and 100 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new families,Ascocylindricaceae,Caryosporaceae and Wicklowiaceae(Ascomycota)are introduced based on their distinct lineages and unique morphology.The new Dothideomycete genera Pseudomassariosphaeria(Amniculicolaceae),Heracleicola,Neodidymella and Pseudomicrosphaeriopsis(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces(Didymosphaeriaceae),Brunneoclavispora,Neolophiostoma and Sulcosporium(Halotthiaceae),Lophiohelichrysum(Lophiostomataceae),Galliicola,Populocrescentia and Vagicola(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Ascocylindrica(Ascocylindricaceae),Elongatopedicellata(Roussoellaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria(Latoruaceae)and Pseudomonodictys(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae)are introduced.The newly described species of Dothideomycetes(Ascomycota)are Pseudomassariosphaeria bromicola(Amniculicolaceae),Flammeascoma lignicola(Anteagloniaceae),Ascocylindrica marina(Ascocylindricaceae),Lembosia xyliae(Asterinaceae),Diplodia crataegicola and Diplodia galiicola(Botryosphaeriaceae),Caryospora aquatica(Caryosporaceae),Heracleicola premilcurensis and Neodidymella thailandicum(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces palmicola(Didymosphaeriaceae),Floricola viticola(Floricolaceae),Brunneoclavispora bambusae,Neolophiostoma pigmentatum and Sulcosporium thailandica(Halotthiaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria fagi(Latoruaceae),Keissleriella dactylidicola(Lentitheciaceae),Lophiohelichrysum helichrysi(Lophiostomataceae),Aquasubmersa japonica(Lophiotremataceae),Pseudomonodictys tectonae(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae),Microthyrium buxicola and Tumidispora shoreae(Microthyriaceae),Alloleptosphaeria clematidis,Allophaeosphaeria cytisi,Allophaeosphaeria subcylindrospora,Dematiopleospora luzulae,Entodesmium artemisiae,Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria,Loratospora luzulae,Nodulosphaeria senecionis,Ophiosphaerella aquaticus,Populocrescentia forlicesenensis and Vagicola vagans(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Elongatopedicellata lignicola,Roussoella magnatum and Roussoella angustior(Roussoellaceae)and Shrungabeeja longiappendiculata(Tetraploasphaeriaceae).The new combinations Pseudomassariosphaeria grandispora,Austropleospora archidendri,Pseudopithomyces chartarum,Pseudopithomyces maydicus,Pseudopithomyces sacchari,Vagicola vagans,Punctulariopsis cremeoalbida and Punctulariopsis efibulata Dothideomycetes.The new genera Dictyosporella(Annulatascaceae),and Tinhaudeus(Halosphaeriaceae)are introduced in Sordariomycetes(Ascomycota)while Dictyosporella aquatica(Annulatascaceae),Chaetosphaeria rivularia(Chaetosphaeriaceae),Beauveria gryllotalpidicola and Beauveria loeiensis(Cordycipitaceae),Seimatosporium sorbi and Seimatosporium pseudorosarum(Discosiaceae),Colletotrichum aciculare,Colletotrichum fusiforme and Colletotrichum hymenocallidicola(Glomerellaceae),Tinhaudeus formosanus(Halosphaeriaceae),Pestalotiopsis subshorea and Pestalotiopsis dracaenea(Pestalotiopsiceae),Phaeoacremonium tectonae(Togniniaceae),Cytospora parasitica and Cytospora tanaitica(Valsaceae),Annulohypoxylon palmicola,Biscogniauxia effusae and Nemania fusoideis(Xylariaceae)are introduced as novel species to order Sordariomycetes.The newly described species of Eurotiomycetes are Mycocalicium hyaloparvicellulum(Mycocaliciaceae).Acarospora septentrionalis and Acarospora castaneocarpa(Acarosporaceae),Chapsa multicarpa and Fissurina carassensis(Graphidaceae),Sticta fuscotomentosa and Sticta subfilicinella(Lobariaceae)are newly introduced in class Lecanoromycetes.In class Pezizomycetes,Helvella pseudolacunosa and Helvella rugosa(Helvellaceae)are introduced as new species.The new families,Dendrominiaceae and Neoantrodiellaceae(Basidiomycota)are introduced together with a new genus Neoantrodiella(Neoantrodiellaceae),here based on both morphology coupled with molecular data.In the class Agaricomycetes,Agaricus pseudolangei,Agaricus haematinus,Agaricus atrodiscus and Agaricus exilissimus(Agaricaceae),Amanita melleialba,Amanita pseudosychnopyramis and Amanita subparvipantherina(Amanitaceae),Entoloma calabrum,Cora barbulata,Dictyonema gomezianum and Inocybe granulosa(Inocybaceae),Xerocomellus sarnarii(Boletaceae),Cantharellus eucalyptorum,Cantharellus nigrescens,Cantharellus tricolor and Cantharellus variabilicolor(Cantharellaceae),Cortinarius alboamarescens,Cortinarius brunneoalbus,Cortinarius ochroamarus,Cortinarius putorius and Cortinarius seidlii(Cortinariaceae),Hymenochaete micropora and Hymenochaete subporioides(Hymenochaetaceae),Xylodon ramicida(Schizoporaceae),Colospora andalasii(Polyporaceae),Russula guangxiensis and Russula hakkae(Russulaceae),Tremella dirinariae,Tremella graphidis and Tremella pyrenulae(Tremellaceae)are introduced.Four new combinations Neoantrodiella gypsea,Neoantrodiella thujae(Neoantrodiellaceae),Punctulariopsis cremeoalbida,Punctulariopsis efibulata(Punctulariaceae)are also introduced here for the division Basidiomycota.Furthermore Absidia caatinguensis,Absidia koreana and Gongronella koreana(Cunninghamellaceae),Mortierella pisiformis and Mortierella formosana(Mortierellaceae)are newly introduced in the Zygomycota,while Neocallimastix cameroonii and Piromyces irregularis(Neocallimastigaceae)are introduced in the Neocallimastigomycota.Reference specimens or changes in classification and notes are provided for Alternaria ethzedia,Cucurbitaria ephedricola,Austropleospora,Austropleospora archidendri,Byssosphaeria rhodomphala,Lophiostoma caulium,Pseudopithomyces maydicus,Massariosphaeria,Neomassariosphaeria and Pestalotiopsis montellica.

Refined families of Dothideomycetes:orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes

Numerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013.A recent publication by Honsanan et al.in 2020 expanded information of families in Dothideo-mycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae with modern classifications.In this paper,we provide a refined updated document on orders and families incertae sedis of Dothideomycetes.Each family is provided with an updated description,notes,including figures to represent the morphology,a list of accepted genera,and economic and ecological significances.We also provide phylogenetic trees for each order.In this study,31 orders which consist 50 families are assigned as orders incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes,and 41 families are treated as families incertae sedis due to lack of molecular or morphological evidence.The new order,Catinellales,and four new families,Catinellaceae,Morenoinaceae Neobuelliellaceae and Thyrinulaceae are introduced.Seven genera(Neobuelliella,Pseudomicrothyrium,Flagellostrigula,Swinscowia,Macroconstrictolumina,Pseudobogoriella,and Schummia)are introduced.Seven new species(Acrospermum urticae,Bogoriella complexoluminata,Dothiorella ostryae,Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus,Macroconstrictolumina megalateralis,Patellaria microspora,and Pseu-domicrothyrium thailandicum)are introduced base on morphology and phylogeny,together with two new records/reports and five new collections from different families.Ninety new combinations are also provided in this paper.

Effects of organic matter and salinity on the flocculation of kaolinites in a settling column

The flocculation and the settling of the cohesive sediment play an important role in the sediment transport process,and they are affected by many factors.On the coasts and in the estuaries,the organic matter and the salinity are two significant factors.In this study,experiments are carried out to evaluate the flocculation and the settling of the kaolinite in cases of various organic matter and salinity solutions in quiescent waters.The optical multi-channel suspended concentration monitoring system is used to measure the sediment concentration and the floc size.The results show that the settling velocity decreases with the increase of the organic matter content,and the floc size increases with the increase of the organic matter content.In addition,an empirical formula for the settling velocity under the influence of the organic matter and the salinity based on the experimental results is proposed.

Development of two-dimensional numerical wave tank based on lattice Boltzmann method

A 2-D numerical wave tank(NWT)is developed using the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)and a multi-relaxation-time(MRT)collision model coupled with an algebraic volume of fluid(VOF)scheme for free surface tracking.An external force based on the momentum source function is used to generate the waves,and a zone of porous media is used to absorb the waves.Numerical simulations of the progressive and standing waves show that the NWT can generate stable wave trains in agreement with the analytical solutions and eliminate the re-reflection waves.The NWT is used to simulate two problems encountered in practice,namely:the wave transformation over a submerged breakwater and the wave runup on a sea dike.The numerical predictions are in good agreement with the measured data.

Fungal diversity notes 1036-1150:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes,where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla,ten classes,30 orders and 53 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include one new family(viz.Pseudoberkleasmiaceae in Dothideomycetes),five new genera(Caatingomyces,Cryptoschizotrema,Neoacladium,Paramassaria and Trochilispora)and 71 new species,(viz.Acrogenospora thailandica,Amniculicola aquatica,A.guttulata,Angustimassarina sylvatica,Blackwellomyces lateris,Boubovia gelatinosa,Buellia viridula,Caatingomyces brasiliensis,Calophoma humuli,Camarosporidiella mori,Canalisporium dehongense,Cantharellus brunneopallidus,C.griseotinctus,Castanediella meliponae,Coprinopsis psammophila,Cordyceps succavus,Cortinarius minusculus,C.subscotoides,Diaporthe italiana,D.rumicicola,Diatrypella delonicis,Dictyocheirospora aquadulcis,D.taiwanense,Digitodesmium chiangmaiense,Distoseptispora dehongensis,D.palmarum,Dothiorella styphnolobii,Ellisembia aurea,Falciformispora aquatic,Fomitiporia carpinea,F.lagerstroemiae,Grammothele aurantiaca,G.micropora,Hermatomyces bauhiniae,Jahnula queenslandica,Kamalomyces mangrovei,Lecidella yunnanensis,Micarea squamulosa,Muriphaeosphaeria angustifoliae,Neoacladium indicum,Neodidymelliopsis sambuci,Neosetophoma miscanthi,N.salicis,Nodulosphaeria aquilegiae,N.thalictri,Paramassaria samaneae,Penicillium circulare,P.geumsanense,P.mali-pumilae,P.psychrotrophicum,P.wandoense,Phaeoisaria siamensis,Phaeopoacea asparagicola,Phaeosphaeria penniseti,Plectocarpon galapagoense,Porina sorediata,Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense,Pyrenochaetopsis sinensis,Rhizophydium koreanum,Russula prasina,Sporoschisma chiangraiense,Stigmatomyces chamaemyiae,S.cocksii,S.papei,S.tschirnhausii,S.vikhrevii,Thysanorea uniseptata,Torula breviconidiophora,T.polyseptata,Trochilispora schefflerae and Vaginatispora palmae).Further,twelve new combinations(viz.Cryptoschizotrema cryptotrema,Prolixandromyces australi,P.elongatus,P.falcatus,P.longispinae,P.microveliae,P.neoalardi,P.polhemorum,P.protuberans,P.pseudoveliae,P.tenuistipitis and P.umbonatus),an epitype is chosen for Cantharellus goossensiae,a reference specimen for Acrogenospora sphaerocephala and new synonym Prolixandromyces are designated.Twenty-four new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions are also reported(i.e.Acrostalagmus annulatus,Cantharellus goossensiae,Coprinopsis villosa,Dothiorella plurivora,Dothiorella rhamni,Dothiorella symphoricarposicola,Dictyocheirospora rotunda,Fasciatispora arengae,Grammothele brasiliensis,Lasiodiplodia iraniensis,Lembosia xyliae,Morenoina palmicola,Murispora cicognanii,Neodidymelliopsis farokhinejadii,Neolinocarpon rachidis,Nothophoma quercina,Peroneutypa scoparia,Pestalotiopsis aggestorum,Pilidium concavum,Plagiostoma salicellum,Protofenestella ulmi,Sarocladium kiliense,Tetraploa nagasakiensis and Vaginatispora armatispora).

Wave effects on the anti-liquefaction of the seabed around composite bucket foundation of offshore wind turbines

By using the open-source software OpenFOAM and the grid generation tool the integrated computer engineering and manufacturing code for computational fluid dynamics(ICEM CFD),a computational fluid dynamics-computational structural dynamics(CFD-CSD)coupling model is established.The dynamic response and the liquefaction of the seabed around the composite bucket foundation of the offshore wind turbines in the Xiangshui area of Jiangsu Province are investigated.The pore water pressure,the effective stress,the liquefaction depth and the anti-liquefaction effect of the overlying stones are analyzed.It is shown that the seabed around the composite bucket foundation will be liquefied under 50 year return waves,the liquefaction width is approximately 1/3 of the wavelength,and the maximum liquefaction depth is approximately 1/4 of the wave height.In addition,the overlying stones provide an effective anti-liquefaction method.Thicker,less porous overlying stones have a better anti-liquefaction effect.