基于加权TOPSIS法的氨甲环酸氯化钠注射液药物利用评价

目的建立氨甲环酸氯化钠注射液药物利用评价(DUE)标准,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法以药品说明书为基础,参照相关指南及文献,制定DUE标准细则,采用加权优劣解距离法(TOPSIS)对山西医科大学第一医院2022年2—8月出院病历进行合理性评价。结果171份病历中,用药方案与最优方案接近程度(C_(i))≥0.8(合理)的有66例,占38.60%;C_(i)介于0.6~0.8(基本合理)的73例,占42.69%;C_(i)<0.6(不合理)的32例,占18.71%。不合理用药主要表现在不良反应监护、给药剂量、适应证等方面。结论采用加权TOPSIS法对氨甲环酸氯化钠注射液进行合理性评价,其评价结果更加直观、方便。

内镜治疗食管胃底静脉合并直肠静脉曲张破裂大出血2例

背景食管胃底静脉曲张破裂是肝硬化失代偿期门静脉高压最常见、最严重的并发症之一,但合并直肠静脉曲张破裂大出血的情况在临床上较少见,若处理不及时或方法不当会造成致命性的后果.病例简介本文报道的2例患者都是食管胃底静脉合并直肠静脉曲张破裂大出血,在内科药物治疗同时,在内镜下行硬化套扎治疗后成功止血.结论临床医师在治疗消化道出血时,应拓宽思路,考虑此类情况的发生.

COMBINATION OF γ-INTERFERON WITH TRAIL AND CISPLATIN OR ETOPOSIDE INDUCES APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA CELL LINE SH-SY5Y

Objective To study the effect of γ-interferon （IFNγ）, tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand （TRAIL）, and cisplatin or etoposide induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and its possible molecular mechanisms. Methods The expressions of Caspase 8 mRNA and protein were detected with RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The effects of IFNγ, TRAIL, IFNγ ＋ TRAIL, IFNγ ＋ Caspase 8 inhibitor ＋ TRAIL, IFNγ ＋ cisplatin ＋ TRAIL, and IFNγ ＋ etoposide ＋ TRAIL on the growth and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells were detected with the methods of MTT and flow cytometry. The relative Caspase 8 activity was measured with colorimetric assay. Results Caspase 8 was undetectable in SH-SY5Y cells but an increased expression of Caspase 8 mRNA and protein was found after treatment with IFNγ. SH-SY5Y ceils themselves were not sensitive to TRAIL, but those expressing Caspase 8 after treatment with IFNγ were. The killing effect of TRAIL on SH-SY5Y cells expressing Caspase 8 was depressed by Caspase 8 inhibitor. Cisplatin and etoposide could enhance the sensitivity of TRAIL on SH-SY5Y cells. The relative Caspase 8 activity of SH-SY5Y cells in IFNγ ＋ TRAIL group was significantly higher than those of control group, IFNγ group, TRAIL group, and inhibitor group （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. There was no significant difference among IFNγ ＋ TRAIL group, IFNγ ＋ cisplatin ＋ TRAIL group, and IFNγ ＋ etoposide ＋ TRAIL group. Conclusions IFNγ could sensitize SH-SY5Y cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and this may be realized by the up-regulation of Caspase 8. Cisplatin and etoposide could enhance the killing effect of TRAIL on SH-SY5Y cells.

Germinomas of the basal ganglia and thalamus: Four case reports

BACKGROUND The early diagnosis of basal ganglia and thalamus germinomas is often difficult due to the absence of elevated tumor markers,and atypical clinical symptoms and neuroimaging features.CASE SUMMARY Four male children aged 8 to 15 years were diagnosed with germinomas in the basal ganglia and thalamus by stereotactic biopsy from 2017 to 2019.All patients developed hemiplegia except patient 4 who also had cognitive decline,speech disturbance,nocturnal enuresis,polydipsia,polyuria,precocious puberty and abnormalities of thermoregulation.All four cases were alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin(p-HCG)negative except patient 3 who had slightly elevated p-HCG in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF).No malignant cells were detected in the patients'CSF.Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings were diverse in these patients with the exception of the unique and common characteristics of ipsilateral hemisphere atrophy,especially in the cerebral peduncle.All patients were diagnosed with germinomas of the basal ganglia and thalamus by stereotactic brain biopsy.CONCLUSION Stereotactic brain biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of ectopic germinomas.Serial neuroimaging studies can not only differentiate disease but also determine the biopsy site.

Carbon ion irradiation-induced DNA damage evokes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the pRb/E2F1/c-Myc signaling pathway in p53-deficient prostate cancer PC-3 cells

Carbon ion radiotherapy has the advantages of better therapeutic effect and fewer side effects compared with those of X-rays in many kinds of tumors,including prostate cancer,and thus is an attractive treatment approach for prostate cancer.However,the biological effects and underlying mechanisms of carbon ion irradiation in prostate cancer are not yet fully understood.Therefore,this study systematically compared the effects of carbon ion irradiation with those of X-ray irradiation on DNA damage response and found that carbon ion irradiation was more effective than X-ray irradiation.Carbon ion irradiation can induce a high level of DNA double-strand break damage,reflected by the number of y-H2 A histone family member X foci,as well as by the foci lasting time and size.Moreover,carbon ion irradiation exhibited strong and long-lasting inhibitory effect on cell survival capability,induced prolonged cell cycle arrest,and increased apoptosis in PC-3 cells.As an underlying mechanism,we speculated that carbon ion irradiation-induced DNA damage evokes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the pRb/E2 F1/c-Myc signaling pathway to enhance the radiosensitivity of p53-deficient prostate cancer PC-3 cells.Collectively,the present study suggests that carbon ion irradiation is more efficient than X-ray irradiation and may help to understand the effects of different radiation qualities on the survival potential of p53-deficient prostate cancer cells.

MG132 Induced Apoptosis Pathway in HL-60 Cells and Impact of Allogeneic Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction

Objective： To investigate the proteasome inhibitor MG132-induced apoptosis pathway in HL-60 cells and the role of allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Methods： Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of p21 protein, p27 protein and p53 protein in HL-60 ceils treated with MG132 were measured by Western blot. The proliferation of, peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMNCs） after treatment with 75 Gy irradiated HL-60 cells treated with MG132 was measured with CCK-8. Results： High-dose MG132 induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. No significant change was observed in MG132-induced apoptosis after inhibiting caspase-8 and caspase-9 pathway. The expressions of p21 protein and p27 protein increased in MG132-induced apoptosis. HL-60 cells treated with low-dose MG132 improved the proliferation of PBMNCs from healthy volunteers. Conclusion： High-dose MG132 induced apoptosis and directly killed HL-60 ceils. MG132 induced apoptosis in a caspase-8- and caspase-9-independent pathway, p21 protein and p27 protein were involved in MG132-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. HL-60 cells treated with Low-dose MG132 improved the effect of promoting the proliferation of PBMNCs from healthy volunteers.

Acute esophageal obstruction caused by reverse migration of gastric bezoars: A case report

BACKGROUND Bezoars can be found anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract.Esophageal bezoars are rare.Esophageal bezoars are classified as either primary or secondary.It is rarely reported that secondary esophageal bezoars caused by reverse migration from the stomach lead to acute esophageal obstruction.Guidelines recommend urgent upper endoscopy(within 24 h)for these impactions without complete esophageal obstruction and emergency endoscopy(within 6 h)for those with complete esophageal obstruction.Gastroscopy is regarded as the mainstay for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal bezoars.CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old man was hospitalized due to nausea,vomiting and diarrhea for 2 d and sudden retrosternal pain and dysphagia for 10 h.He had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus for 9 years.Computed tomography revealed dilated lower esophagus,thickening of the esophageal wall,a mass-like lesion with a flocculent high-density shadow and gas bubbles in the esophageal lumen.On gastroscopy,immovable brown bezoars were found in the lower esophagus,which led to esophageal obstruction.Endoscopic fragmentation was successful,and there were no complications.The symptoms of retrosternal pain and dysphagia disappeared after treatment.Mucosal superficial ulcers were observed in the lower esophagus.Multiple biopsy specimens from the lower esophagus revealed nonspecific findings.The patient remained asymptomatic,and follow-up gastroscopy 1 wk after endoscopic fragmentation showed no evidence of bezoars in the esophagus or the stomach.CONCLUSION Acute esophageal obstruction caused by bezoars reversed migration from the stomach is rare.Endoscopic fragmentation is safe,effective and minimally invasive and should be considered as the first-line therapeutic modality.

Flank gland-secreted putative chemosignals pertaining to photoperiod,endocrine states,and sociosexual behavior in golden hamsters

Behavioral studies have shown that flank glands are involved in chemical communication in golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus but little chemical analysis has been conducted on volatiles arising from these glands. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we detected compounds from the flank glands of males, only eight of which were also produced in females. Based on these chemical data we performed a number of further experiments. By manipulating light we found that males exposed to short-photoperiods developed smaller flank glands than those exposed to long-photoperiods. Six flank gland volatiles reduced in relative abundance, which possibly coded for reproductive status of males of this seasonally breeding hamster species. Through dyadic encounters, we were able to induce the formation of dominant-subordinate relationships and show that two glandular compounds became high in relative abundance and may function as dominance pheromones. Castration eliminated all male-specific compounds resulting from flank glands, but bilateral ovariectomies only affected one compound in females. Once these ovariectomized females were treated with testosterone, their glandular compounds resembled those of males, suggesting these compounds are under the main control of androgen. Two female putative pheromones, tetradeeanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid, were used in binary choice tests and were both found to attract males over females. Applying a solution of these pheromone compounds to adult males also suppressed their agonistic behavior [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 800-812, 2010].

Probabilistic resumable quantum teleportation in high dimensions

Teleportation is a quantum information process without classical counterparts, in which the sender can disembodiedly transfer unknown quantum states to the receiver. In probabilistic teleportation through a partial entangled quantum channel,the transmission is exact(with fidelity 1), but may fail in a probability and the initial state is destroyed simultaneously.We propose a scheme for nondestructive probabilistic teleportation of high-dimensional quantum states. With the aid of an ancilla in the hands of the sender, the initial quantum information can be recovered when teleportation fails. The ancilla acts as a quantum apparatus to measure the sender’s subsystem. Erasing the information recorded in it can resume the initial state.

Correlation between bladder compliance and the content of detrusor collagen fibers

Objective： To explore the possible correlation between bladder compliance （BC） and the changes in detrusor collagen fiber content after bladder outlet obstruction （BOO）. Methods： Ninety healthy female Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were enrolled in this experiment and divided into an experimental group and a control group randomly, using the randomizing table method, with 70 rats in the experimental group and 20 rats in the control group. Six weeks after BOO modeling was established, BC was evaluated through bladder testing. Bladder tissues were then fixed and embedded in paraffin. The tissues were cut into thin slices, followed by Masson staining and observation under a microscope. Results： Compared with the control group, the BC of the experimental group rats increased, and the difference had statistical significance （P 〈 0.05）; the content of detrusor collagen fibers of the rats in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group. Conclusions： The content of detrusor collagen fibers increased significantly after BOO, and BC was higher.

Species recognition and the divergences in the chemical and ultrasonic signals between two coexisting Rattus species

The ability to recognize and differentiate between conspecifics and heterospecifics as well as their signals is critical for the coexistence of closely related species.In the genus Rattus,species are morphologically similar and multiple species often coexist.Here,we investigated the interspecific recognition and signal differentiation of two sympatric rat species,the brown rat(Rattus norvegicus,RN)and the Asian house rat(Rattus tanezumi,RT).In a two-way choice test,both RN and RT females showed a preference for conspecific male rats to heterospecific ones.RT females showed a significant preference for accessible urine of males of same species to those of other species,but not for the inaccessi-ble urine.On the other hand,there were significant differences in the structural characteristics of the ultrasonic vocalization emitted by males of these two rat species.Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and isoelectric focusing electrophoresis unveiled that major urinary proteins(MUPs)in voided urine were more highly expressed in RN males versus RT males.The interspecific dif-ferences of urinary volatile compounds were also discussed.In conclusion,female rats had the ability to distinguish between males of either species.

Discrimination of coherent states via atom–field interaction without rotation wave approximation

Quantum state discrimination is an important part of quantum information processing.We investigate the discrimination of coherent states through a Jaynes-Cummings(JC)model interaction between the field and the ancilla without rotation wave approximation(RWA).We show that the minimum failure probability can be reduced as RWA is eliminated from the JC model and the non-RWA terms accompanied by the quantum effects of fields(e.g.the virtualphoton process in the JC model without RWA)can enhance the state discrimination.The JC model without RWA for unambiguous state discrimination is superior to ambiguous state discrimination,particularly when the number of sequential measurements increases.Unambiguous state discrimination implemented via the non-RWA JC model is beneficial to saving resource costs.

Pheromone-trapping the nun moth, Lymantria monacha （Lepidoptera： Lymantriidae）in Inner Mongolia, China

The nun moth, Lymantria monacha L., is one of the most important defoliators of Eurasian coniferous forests. Outbreaks during 2011-2015 in the natural/planted larch, and larch-birch mixed forests of the Greater Khingan Range in Inner Mongolia, China, caused tremendous timber losses from severe defoliation and tree mortality. A series of trapping experiments were conducted in these outbreak areas to evaluate the efficacy of a synthetic species-specific pheromone lure based on the female pheromone blend of European nun moth populations. Our results clearly show that the nun moth in Inner Mongolia is highly and specifically attracted to this synthetic pheromone, with few gypsy moths （Lymantria dispar） captured. Flight activity monitoring ofL. monacha male moths using pheromone-baited Unitraps at 2 locations during the summer of 2015 indicated that the flight period started in mid-July, peaking in early August at both locations. Based on male moth captures, there was a strong diurnal rhythm of flight activity throughout the entire scotophase, peaking between 22：00 and 24：00. Unitraps and wing traps had significantly and surprisingly higher catches than the gypsy moth traps. Unitraps fastened to tree trunks 2 m above ground caught significantly more male moths than those at the ground level or at 5 m height. Male L. monacha moths can be attracted to pheromone- baited traps in open areas 150-200 m distant from the infested forest edge. Our data should allow improvement on the performance of pheromone-baited traps for monitoring or mass-trapping to combat outbreaks of this pest in northeastern China.

Inactivation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis suppresses the innate fear responses of rats induced by the odor of cat urine

In this study,we investigated whether two brain regions,the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis(BNST)and the basolateral amygdala(BLA),affected male rats(Rattus norvigicus)ability to innately discriminate between a predator odor(cat urine)and female rat urine.Muscimol,a GABAa receptor agonist,was bilaterally microinjected into either the BNST or BLA of rats through