Twin-Capture Rydberg State Excitation Enhanced with Few-Cycle Laser Pulses

Quantum excitation is usually regarded as a transient process occurring instantaneously,leaving the underlying physics shrouded in mystery.Recent research shows that Rydberg-state excitation with ultrashort laser pulses can be investigated and manipulated with state-of-the-art few-cycle pulses.We theoretically find that the efficiency of Rydberg state excitation can be enhanced with a short laser pulse and modulated by varying the laser intensities.We also uncover new facets of the excitation dynamics,including the launching of an electron wave packet through strong-field ionization,the re-entry of the electron into the atomic potential and the crucial step where the electron makes a U-turn,resulting in twin captures into Rydberg orbitals.By tuning the laser intensity,we show that the excitation of the Rydberg state can be coherently controlled on a sub-optical-cycle timescale.Our work paves the way toward ultrafast control and coherent manipulation of Rydberg states,thus benefiting Rydberg-state-based quantum technology.

Construction of an Artificial Intelligence Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Model Based on Syndrome Elements and Small-Sample Data

1.Introduction The combination of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine has advantages in the treatment of chronic and complex diseases,for example,the introduction and application of TCM during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic in Hubei Province,China,had a total effective rate of 90%,thus establishing the efficacy of integrating TCM and Western medicine.However,the integration of TCM diagnosis and treatment methods with modern medicine,as well as their further development,is limited due to several significant challenges.

Cotton GhBRC1 regulates branching,flowering,and growth by integrating multiple hormone pathways

Cotton architecture is partly determined by shoot branching and flowering patterns.Gh BRC1 was previously identified by RNA-seq analysis of nulliplex-branching and normal-branching cotton.However,the roles of Gh BRC1 in cotton remain unclear.In the present study,investigations of nuclear localization and transcriptional activity indicated that Gh BRC1 has characteristics typical of transcription factors.Gene expression analysis showed that Gh BRC1 was highly expressed in axillary buds but displayed different expression patterns between the two branching types.Overexpression of Gh BRC1 in Arabidopsis significantly inhibited the number of branches and promoted flowering.In contrast,silencing Gh BRC1 in cotton significantly promoted seedling growth.Gh BRC1 was induced by multiple hormones,including strigolactones,which promoted seedling growth and seed germination of Arabidopsis plants overexpressing Gh BRC1.Consistent with these findings,RNA-seq analysis of virus-induced gene silencing treated cotton revealed that a large number of genes were differentially expressed between Gh BRC1-silenced and control plants,and these genes were significantly enriched in plant hormone signalling pathways.Together,our data indicates that Gh BRC1 regulates plant branching and flowering through multiple regulatory pathways,especially those regulating plant hormones,with functions partly differing from those of Arabidopsis BRC1.These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling plant architecture,which is important for breeding cotton with ideal plant architecture and high yield.

Laser-Chirp Controlled Terahertz Wave Generation from Air Plasma

We report the laser-chirp controlled terahertz(THz) wave generation from two-color-laser-induced air plasma.Our experimental results reveal that the THz wave is affected by both the laser energy and chirp,leading to radiation minima that can be quantitatively reconstructed using the linear-dipole-array model.The phase difference between the two colors,determined by the chirp and intensity of the laser,can account for the radiation minima.Furthermore,we observe an asynchronous variation in the generated THz spectrum,which suggests a THz frequency-dependent phase matching between the laser pulse and THz wave.These results highlight the importance of laser chirp during the THz wave generation and demonstrate the possibility of modulating the THz yields and spectrum through chirping the incident laser pulse.This work can provide valuable insights into the mechanism of plasma-based THz wave generation and offer a unique means to control THz emissions.

Real-Time Observation of Electron-Hole Coherence Induced by Strong-Field Ionization

We introduce and demonstrate a new approach to measure the electron-hole dynamics and coherence induced by strong-field ionization using hole-assisted high-harmonic spectroscopy.The coherent driving of the infrared and XUV pulses correlates the dynamics of the core-hole and the valence-hole by coupling multiple continua,which leads to the otherwise forbidden absorption and emission of high harmonics.An analytical model is developed based on the strong-field approximation by taking into account the essential multielectron configurations.The emission spectra from the core-valence transition and the core-hole recombination are found to modulate strongly as functions of the time delay between the two pulses,suggesting that the coherent electron wave packets in multiple continua can be utilized to temporally resolve the core-valence transition in attoseconds.

Gene therapy and gene editing strategies in inherited blood disorders

Gene therapy has shown significant potential in treating various diseases,particularly inherited blood disorders such as hemophilia,sickle cell disease,and thalassemia.Advances in understanding the regulatory network of disease-associated genes have led to the identification of additional therapeutic targets for treatment,especially for β-hemoglobinopathies.Erythroid regulatory factor BCL11A offers the most promising therapeutic target for β-hemoglobinopathies,and reduction of its expression using the commercialized gene therapy product Casgevy has been approved for use in the UK and USA in 2023.Notably,the emergence of innovative gene editing technologies has further broadened the gene therapy landscape,presenting possibilities for treatment.Intensive studies indicate that base editing and prime editing,built upon CRISPR technology,enable precise single-base modification in hematopoietic stem cells for addressing inherited blood disorders ex vivo and in vivo.In this review,we present an overview of the current landscape of gene therapies,focusing on clinical research and gene therapy products for inherited blood disorders,evaluation of potential gene targets,and the gene editing tools employed in current gene therapy practices,which provides an insight for the establishment of safer and more effective gene therapy methods for a wider range of diseases in the future.

Coherent emission and attosecond transient absorption of N_(2)^(+)in strong fields

The ionic dynamics induced by strong-field ionization are essential to understand the fundamental physics and chemical reactions.By solving the ionization-coupling equation theoretically,we can simultaneously address strong-field ionization and coupling dynamics in ions.By employing the driving pulse at the wavelength of 1580 nm,we show that the B^(2)Σ_(u)^(+)state of the strong field ionization created N_(2)^(+)could be populated by polarization effect and five-photon resonance but there is no population inversion between X^(2)Σ_(g)^(+)and B^(2)Σ_(u)^(+)states for the nitrogen molecular ions aligning along the laser polarization.In addition,both the ultraviolet supercontinuum and the attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy(ATAS)are calculated to illustrate the characteristics of population and coherence.The Stark shift observed from the transient absorption confirms the origin of ultraviolet supercontinuum.Our results show the evolution of the absorption spectral lineshape,varying from Lorentzian to Fano to inverted Lorentzian and back forth and the optical gain is achieved at 394 e V due to the vibrational coherent dynamics.This study offers valuable insights into the strong-field quantum optics of molecular ions.

Ultrafast Hole Deformation Revealed by Molecular Attosecond Interferometry

Understanding the evolution of molecular electronic structures is the key to explore and control photochemical reactions and photobiological processes.Subjected to strong laser fields,electronic holes are formed upon ionization and evolve in the attosecond timescale.It is crucial to probe the electronic dynamics in real time with attosecond-temporal and atomic-spatial precision.Here,we present molecular attosecond interferometry that enables the in situ manipulation of holes in carbon dioxide molecules via the interferometry of the phase-locked electrons(propagating in opposite directions)of a laser-triggered rotational wave packet.The joint measurement on high-harmonic and terahertz spectroscopy(HATS)provides a unique tool for understanding electron dynamics from picoseconds to attoseconds.The optimum phases of two-color pulses for controlling the electron wave packet are precisely determined owing to the robust reference provided with the terahertz pulse generation.It is noteworthy that the contribution of HOMO-1 and HOMO-2 increases reflecting the deformation of the hole as the harmonic order increases.Our method can be applied to study hole dynamics of complex molecules and electron correlations during the strong-field process.The threefold control through molecular alignment,laser polarization,and the two-color pulse phase delay allows the precise manipulation of the transient hole paving the way for new advances in attochemistry.