Changes in soil organic carbon and aggregate stability following a chronosequence of Liriodendron chinense plantations

The objectives for this study were to determine changes in soil organic carbon(SOC)components and water-stable aggregates for soil profi les from diff erent ages of plantations of Liriodendron chinense and to clarify which organic carbon component is more closely associated with the formation and stability of soil aggregates.Three layers of soil(depths 0–20 cm,20–40 cm,40–60 cm)were collected from young,half-mature and mature stages of L.chinense.SOC,readily oxidizable organic carbon,chemically stable organic carbon and aggregate composition were determined.Intermediate stable organic carbon,the microbial quotient and aggregate stability(mean weight diameter)were calculated.SOC and aggregate stability in the L.chinense plantation did not increase linearly with an increase in L.chinense age;rather,they fi rst decreased,then increased with increasing age of L.chinense.The microbial quotient had a negative eff ect on the level of organic carbon and the stability of aggregates,while chemically stable organic carbon had a positive eff ect,which explained 55.0%and 19.3%of the total variation,respectively(P<0.01).Therefore,more attention should be paid of these two indicators in the future.

Versatile iron-vitamin K_(3) derivative-based nanoscale coordination polymer augments tumor ferroptotic therapy

Ferroptosis is a newly form of regulated cell death,which has attracted great attention for tumor therapy.Herein,we prepared nanoscale coordination polymer Fe-NQA particles to deliver iron and NQA(vitamin K3 derivative)into tumor cells,which synergistically promoted ferroptotic therapy for inhibiting tumor growth,preventing metastasis,and overcoming radioresistance.

Cattle manure biochar and earthworm interactively affected CO_(2)and N_(2)O emissions in agricultural and forest soils:Observation of a distinct difference

The application of manure-derived biochar offers an alternative to avoid the direct application of manure to soil causing greenhouse gas emission.Soil fauna,especially earthworms,can markedly stimulate carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions from soil.This study therefore investigated the effect of cattle manure biochar(added at rates of 0,2%,or 10%,coded as BC0,BC2 and BC10,respectively)application,with or without earthworm Aporrectodea turgida,on emissions of CO_(2) and N_(2)O and changes of physic-chemical properties of agricultural and forest soils in a laboratory incubation experiment.The BC10 treatment significantly enhanced cumulative CO_(2) emissions by 27.9%relative to the untreated control in the agricultural soil.On the contrary,the BC2 and BC10 treatments significantly reduced cumulative CO_(2) emissions by 16.3%–61.1%and N_(2)O emissions by 92.9%–95.1%compared to the untreated control in the forest soil.The addition of earthworm alone significantly enhanced the cumulative CO_(2) and N_(2)O fluxes in agricultural and forest soils.Cumulative CO_(2) and N_(2)O fluxes were significantly increased when BC2 and BC10 were applied with earthworm in the agricultural soil,but were significantly reduced when BC10 was applied with earthworm in the forest soil.Our study demonstrated that biochar application interacted with earthworm to affect CO_(2) and N_(2)O emissions,which were also dependent on the soil type involved.Our study suggests that manure biochar application rate and use of earthworm need to be carefully studied for specific soil types to maximize the climate change mitigation potential of such management practices.