肝细胞癌的免疫治疗研究进展

肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)约占原发肝癌的75%~85%,是全球发病率较高的恶性肿瘤之一,免疫治疗目前被认为是较有前景的防治肝癌术后复发及病情进展的治疗手段。肝癌免疫治疗方案主要分为主动和被动免疫治疗,包括肿瘤疫苗、免疫检查点抑制剂和过继性免疫细胞输注治疗等。本文就近年肝癌免疫治疗的现状和研究进展进行概述。

Identification of a 10-pseudogenes signature as a novel prognosis biomarker for ovarian cancer

The outcomes of ovarian cancer are complicated and usually unfavorable due to their diagnoses at a late stage.Identifying the efficient prognostic biomarkers to improve the survival of ovarian cancer is urgently warranted.The survival-related pseudogenes retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas database were screened by univariate Cox regression analysis and further assessed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)method.A risk score model based on the prognostic pseudogenes was also constructed.The pseudogene-mRNA regulatory networks were established using correlation analysis,and their potent roles in the ovarian cancer progression were uncovered by functional enrichment analysis.Lastly,ssGSEA and ESTIMATE algorithms was used to evaluate the levels of immune cell infiltrations in cancer tissues and explore their relationship with risk signature.A prediction model of 10-pseudogenes including RPL10P6,AC026688.1,FAR2P4,AL391840.2,AC068647.2,FAM35BP,GBP1P1,ARL4AP5,RPS3AP2,and AMD1P1 was established.The 10-pseudogenes signature was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor in patient with ovarian cancer in the random set(hazard ratio[HR]=2.512,95%confidence interval[CI]=2.03–3.11,P<0.001)and total set(HR=1.71,95%CI=1.472–1.988,P<0.001).When models integrating with age,grade,stage,and risk signature,the Area Under Curve(AUC)of the 1-year,3-year,5-year and 10-year Receiver Operating Characteristic curve in the random set and total set were 0.854,0.824,0.855,0.805 and 0.679,0.697,0.739,0.790,respectively.The results of functional enrichment analysis indicated that the underlying mechanisms by which these pseudogenes influence cancer prognosis may involve the immune-related biological processes and signaling pathways.Correlation analysis showed that risk signature was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune score.We identified a novel 10-pseudogenes signature to predict the survival of patients with ovarian cancer,and that may serve as novel possible prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.

Risk-averse Robust Interval Economic Dispatch for Power Systems with Large-scale Wind Power Integration

This paper presents a robust interval economic dispatch(RIED)model for power systems with large-scale wind power integration.Differing from existing interval optimization(IO)approaches that merely rely on the upper and lower boundaries of random variables,the distribution information retained in the historical data is introduced to the IO method in this paper.Based on the available probability distribution function(PDF),wind power curtailment and load shedding are quantified as the operational risk and incorporated into the decision-making process.In this model,we need not rely on the forecasted value of wind power,which is randomly fluctuating and quite unpredictable.Furthermore,when the PDFs of wind power are taken into account,the resulting dispatch solution makes a good tradeoff between the generation cost and the operational risk.Finally,the RIED model yields an optimal dispatch solution for thermal units and the allowable intervals of wind power for the wind farms,which efficiently mitigates the uncertainty in wind power generation and provides more practical suggestions for system operators.Simulation studies are conducted on a modified IEEE-118 bus system and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed RIED model.

Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of influenza viruses A (H3N2) and B/ Victoria during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guangdong, China

Background Non-pharmaceutical measures and travel restrictions have halted the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and influenza.Nonetheless,with COVID-19 restrictions lifted,an unanticipated outbreak of the influ-enza B/Nictoria virus in late 2021 and another influenza H3N2 outbreak in mid-2022 occurred in Guangdong,southern China.The mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown.To better prepare for potential influenza out-breaks during COVID-19 pandemic,we studied the molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of influenza A(H3N2)and BNictoria that circulated during the COVID-19 pandemic in this region.Methods From January 1,2018 to December 31,2022,we collected throat swabs from 173,401 patients in Guang-dong who had acute respiratory tract infections.Influenza viruses in the samples were tested using reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction,followed by subtype identification and sequencing of hemagglutinin(HA)and neuraminidase(NA)genes.Phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses were performed on both genes from 403 samples.A rigorous molecular clock was aligned with the phylogenetic tree to measure the rate of viral evolution and the root-to-tip distance within strains in different years was assessed using regression curve models to determine the correlation.Results During the early period of COVID-19 control,various influenza viruses were nearly undetectable in respiratory specimens.When control measures were relaxed in January 2020,the influenza infection rate peaked at 4.94%(39/789)in December 2021,with the influenza B/Victoria accounting for 87.18%(34/39)of the total influenza cases.Six months later,the influenza infection rate again increased and peaked at 11.34%(255/2248)in June 2022;influenza A/H3N2 accounted for 94.51%(241/255)of the total influenza cases in autumn 2022.The diverse geographic distribution of HA genes of B/Nictoria and A/H3N2 had drastically reduced,and most strains originated from China.The rate of B/Victoria HA evolution(3.11×10^(-3),P<0.05)was 1.7 times faster than before the COVID-19 outbreak(1.80×10^(-3),P<0.05).Likewise,the H3N2 HA gene's evolution rate was 7.96×10^(-3)(P<0.05),which is 2.1 times faster than the strains'pre-COVID-19 evolution rate(3.81×10^(-3),P<0.05).Conclusions Despite the extraordinarily low detection rate of influenza infection,concealed influenza transmission may occur between individuals during strict COVID-19 control.This ultimately leads to the accumulation of viral mutations and accelerated evolution of H3N2 and BVictoria viruses.Monitoring the evolution of influenza may provide insights and alerts regarding potential epidemics in the future.

产教融合视域下专业课程思政一体化建设的实践探索

针对传统医学检验技术专业课程教学实施过程中存在的“课堂知识与临床实践链条脱节”“思政教育融入医学课堂不足”两大痛点问题,基于国家级现代产业学院产教融合建设和立德铸魂深化“三全育人”教育背景下,该教研组针对痛点问题进行教学改革,按照临床检验科工作流程重构知识体系深化产教融合,深挖课程思政元素实现德育渗透并贯穿于教与学全过程。以临床基础检验技术课程为例,总结了在产教融合背景下专业教育与课程思政一体化建设的教学实践。以期通过加强交流,在产教融合育人模式下更好地促进专业育才与思政育人的深度融合。

Enhanced dynamic deformability and strengthening effect via twinning and microbanding in high density NiCoFeCrMoW high-entropy alloys

High density alloys with enhanced deformability and strength are urgently required in energy,military and nuclear industries,etc.In this work,we present a new kind of NiCoFeCrMoW high entropy alloys(HEAs)which possess higher densities and sound velocities than copper.We systematically investigate the phase structure,quasi-static tensile,dynamic compression and related deformation mechanism of these HEAs.It is shown that single FCC or FCC+μdual phases were formed in the HEAs depending on Mo and W content and annealing temperature.Excellent quasi-static tensile and dynamic compression properties have been achieved for these HEAs,e.g.Ni_(30)Co_(30)Fe_(21)Cr_(10)W_(9)HEA annealed at 1573 K exhibited a yield and ultimate tensile strength and elongation of~364 MPa,~866 MPa and~32%,respectively,in quasi-static test;a yield strength of~710 MPa and no fracture under the dynamic strain rate of 4100 s^(-1).Superior strain rate sensitivity(SRS)of yield strength than that of previously reported FCC HEAs have been evidenced.The dynamic stress-strain constitutive relation can be described by the modified Johnson-Cook model.As for the dynamic deformation mechanism,it is envisaged that the regulation of stacking fault energy and Peierls barrier in current HEAs resulted in occurrences of abundant nanoscale deformation twins and microbands during high strain rate compression.The synergistic microbanding and twinning effectively contributes to the enhanced dynamic deformability and strengthening effect.Besides,the interactions of dislocations with precipitates,stacking faults(SFs)with twins,and between SFs also contribute to extraordinary work-hardening capacity.