Study on the Girder-End Displacement of a Suspension Bridge Based on Field Measurements

The load-response correlation is a great concern for the management and maintenance agency of bridges. Based on both the load test data and the long-term structural health monitoring data, this study aims to characterize the variation in the girder-end longitudinal displacement of a long-span suspension bridge, i.e., the Zhaoyun Bridge in Guangdong Province of China. The load test provides a valuable chance to investigate the structural deformation in high loading levels, while the structural health monitoring system records the real-time, in-site, and long-term measurements in the normal operational stage of bridges. During the load test, the movement direction of the main girder is found to depend on the relative position of the center of gravity of the girder and the loading vehicles. However, over the period of normal operation, the quasi-static displacement at the ends of the main girder along the bridge axis is dominated by the temperature variations, rather than the traffic loading. The temperature-induced deformation is considerable so it should be filtered out from the structural total responses to highlight the live load effects or the anomalies of the bridge. As a case study, the temperature-displacement baseline model of the Zhaoyun Bridge is established and then utilized to identify the erroneous measurements in the structural health monitoring system. This paper serves as a reference for the structural behavior interpretation and performance evaluation of similar bridges.

无机纳米材料在骨代谢调控中的应用

与有机和高分子纳米材料相比,无机纳米材料具有化学性质稳定、力学性能优良、生物相容性和骨诱导性良好等优势,是用于骨代谢调控的主要材料。文章分别从细胞、分子及动物水平总结了羟基磷灰石、稀土纳米材料、金纳米颗粒、碳纳米管等无机纳米材料在骨代谢调控中的作用及其机制,并对无机纳米材料在骨代谢调控中面临的挑战进行了展望。

Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Livable City Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method

This paper firstly introduced the degree of livability of a city from the social civilization,economic affluence,environmental beauty,resource carrying capacity,and life convenience. Based on the principle of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,it analyzed the connection between influencing factors,and established a comprehensive evaluation model for calculation of the livability index of a city. Finally,it obtained the relative livability of each city and the ranking of livability of each city.

The influence of intestine-based treatment using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang on the concentration of trace elements in the main organs of COPD rats

Objective:To test two theories from traditional Chinese medicine:'exterior -interior relationship between the lung and large intestine' and 'treating from the intestine principle for lung disorders'.The influence of intestine-based treatment using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang (XBCQT) on the concentration of three trace elements-copper (Cu),zinc (Zn),and manganese (Mn)-was observed in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,large intestine,and stomach of rats suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided randomly and equally into five groups:control;model;Fei treatment (A);Chang treatment (B);and Fei-Chang treatment (C).A rat model of COPD was prepared by tracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide plus exposure to cigarette smoke.Treatments with medicinal herbs started day-22 of administration and exposure to cigarette smoke for 7 days.The control group and model group were administered physiologic (0.9%) saline solution via the stomach.After 7 days of intervention,the tissues of the lung,small intestine,large intestine,and stomach were removed.Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy was used to detect the levels of Cu,Zn,and Mn in those tissues.Results:Compared with the control group,the Cu concentration in the tissues of the small intestine,large intestine,and stomach increased significantly in the model group (P <.05);the Mn concentration in the tissues of the lung,large intestine,and stomach increased significantly in the model group (P <.05);the Zn concentration in the tissues of the lung and large intestine decreased significantly in the model group (P <.05).In comparison of the model group:the Cu concentration in the tissues of the lung and large intestine decreased significantly in the B group (P <.05);the Mn concentration in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,and large intestine decreased significantly in the B group (P <.05);the Zn concentration in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,and large intestine increased significantly in the B group (P <.05).For the A group versus C group comparison,the Zn concentration in the tissues of the small intestine and stomach increased significantly in the latter (P <.05).Conclusion:This study showed that 'treating from the intestine' using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang and its modified formulae can regulate the concentration of trace elements in the main organs of COPD rats.This may be one of the mechanisms for intestine-based treatment for COPD.

Carboniferous tectono-magmatic evolution of the northern Luliang arc: evidence from geochemistry and petrography of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the northern Luliang Uplift,NW China

The Northern Junggar Basin experienced extensive subduction and a complex tectono-magmatic evolution during the Late Paleozoic,resulting in a heterogeneous distribution of volcanic rocks in the Junggar Basin.In this study,the Carboniferous tectono-magmatic evolution of the northern Luliang arc was described by exploring the petrography and geochemistry of Carboniferous volcanic rocks collected from well Y-2 and outcrop WW' in the northern Luliang Uplift.The distribution,types,and formation ages of these volcanic rocks were characterized and the volcanic sequence in well Y-1 was divided into upper and lower parts according to vertical variations in selected geochemical data.Then the petrogenesis and tectonic settings of different volcanic rocks were evaluated and this was used to infer the tectonomagmatic evolution of the northern Luliang arc during the Carboniferous.The results indicate that:(1) Carboniferous high-K calc-alkali andesite-dacite associations are distributed in the west of the northern Luliang Uplift,and Lower Carboniferous calc-alkali basalt-dacite-rhyolite assemblages are preserved in its east.(2) The intermediateacid volcanic rocks in wells Y-1 and Y-2 were derived from calc-alkali basaltic magma through melting of the juvenile lower crust,and geochemical variations indicate increasing addition of slab melting in a subduction-related arc environment.The bimodal volcanic rocks from outcrop WW' were derived from lithospheric underplating of basaltic magma in an intra-arc extensional setting.(3) The closure of the eastern Keramaili Oceanic basin occurred before the Early Carboniferous,and the tectono-magmatic difference between the east and the west of the northern Luliang Uplift appeared before the Carboniferous period.

mRNA-based modalities for infectious disease management

The novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is still rampant all over the world,causing incalculable losses to the world.Major pharmaceutical organizations around the globe are focusing on vaccine research and drug development to prevent further damage caused by the pandemic.The messenger RNA(mRNA)technology has got ample of attention after the success of the two very effective mRNA vaccines during the recent pandemic of COVID-19.mRNA vaccine has been promoted to the core stage of pharmaceutical industry,and the rapid development of mRNA technology has exceeded expectations.Beyond COVID-19,the mRNA vaccine has been tested for various infectious diseases and undergoing clinical trials.Due to the ability of constant mutation,the viral infections demand abrupt responses and immediate production,and therefore mRNA-based technology offers best answers to sudden outbreaks.The need for mRNA-based vaccine became more obvious due to the recent emergence of new Omicron variant.In this review,we summarized the unique properties of mRNA-based vaccines for infectious diseases,delivery technologies,discussed current challenges,and highlighted the prospects of this promising technology in the future.We also discussed various clinical studies as well preclinical studies conducted on mRNA therapeutics for diverse infectious diseases.

The Yin and Yang of the protein corona on the delivery journey of nanoparticles

Nanoparticles-based drug delivery systems have attracted significant attention in biomedical fields because they can deliver loaded cargoes to the target site in a controlled manner.However,tremendous challenges must still be overcome to reach the expected targeting and therapeutic efficacy in vivo.These challenges mainly arise because the interaction between nanoparticles and biological systems is complex and dynamic and is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles and the heterogeneity of biological systems.Importantly,once the nanoparticles are injected into the blood,a protein corona will inevitably form on the surface.The protein corona creates a new biological identity which plays a vital role in mediating the bio–nano interaction and determining the ultimate results.Thus,it is essential to understand how the protein corona affects the delivery journey of nanoparticles in vivo and what we can do to exploit the protein corona for better delivery efficiency.In this review,we first summarize the fundamental impact of the protein corona on the delivery journey of nanoparticles.Next,we emphasize the strategies that have been developed for tailoring and exploiting the protein corona to improve the transportation behavior of nanoparticles in vivo.Finally,we highlight what we need to do as a next step towards better understanding and exploitation of the protein corona.We hope these insights into the“Yin and Yang”effect of the protein corona will have profound implications for understanding the role of the protein corona in a wide range of nanoparticles.

Liposome-coated CaO_(2)nanoblockers for enhanced checkpoint blockade therapy by inhibiting PD-L1 de novo biosynthesis

The blocking of the immune checkpoint pathway with antibodies,especially targeting to programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1(PD-1/PD-L1)pathway,was currently a widely used treatment strategy in clinical practice.However,the shortcomings of PD-L1 antibodies were constantly exposed with the deepening of its research and their therapeutic effect was limited by the translocation and redistribution of intracellular PD-L1.Herein,we proposed to improve immune checkpoint blockade therapy by using liposomes-coated CaO_(2)(CaO_(2)@Lipo)nanoparticles to inhibit the de novo biosynthesis of PD-L1.CaO_(2)@Lipo would produce oxygen and reduce hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)level,which then downregulated the expression of PD-L1.Our in vitro and in vivo results have confirmed CaO_(2)@Lipo promoted the degradation of HIF-1αand then downregulated the expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells for avoiding immune escape.Furthermore,to mimicking the clinical protocol of anti-PD-L1 antibodies+chemo-drugs,CaO_(2)@Lipo was combined with doxorubicin(DOX)to investigate the tumor inhibition efficiency.We found CaO_(2)@Lipo enhanced DOX-induced immunogenic cell death(ICD)effect,which then promoted the infiltration of T cells,strengthened the blocking effect,thus provided an effective means to overcome the traditional immune checkpoint blockade treatment.

Construction of AIEgen functionalized nanomicelles and their stability study through‘seesaw-like'fluorescence changes

As nanocarriers,nanomicelles play vital roles in the toolbox of drug delivery.The stability of nanomicelles affects the nanomedicines'bioactivity.Therefore,it is important to understand the stability of nanomicelles for further improvements.Here,we report a strategy to construct new nanomicelles(NM)by introducing aggregation-induced emission(AIE)functional group tetraphenylethylene(TPE)in the component polymer vitamin E(D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate)(TPGS).The stability of doxorubicin(DOX)loaded nanomicelles DOX@NM in different conditions was studied by fluorescence analysis.The fluorescence changes of DOX@NM are‘seesaw-like'when they transform between assembled and disassembled forms.In the assembled form,TPE gives emission from AIE effect,while in the disassembled form,the fluorescence of DOX is observed due to the disappearance of ACQ effect.

Assessment of CO_(2)geological storage capacity based on adsorption isothermal experiments at various temperatures:A case study of No.3 coal in the Qinshui Basin

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is an important pathway for China to achieve its“2060 carbon neutrality”strategy.Geological sequestration of CO_(2)in deep coals is one of the methods of CCUS.Here,the No.3 anthracite in the Qinshui Basin was studied using the superposition of each CO_(2)geological storage category to construct models for theoretical CO_(2)geological storage capacity(TCGSC)assessment,and CO_(2)adsorption capacity variation with depth.CO_(2)geological storage potential of No.3 anthracite coal was assessed by integrating the adsorption capacity with the static storage and dissolution capacities.The results show that(1)CO_(2)adsorption capacities of XJ and SH coals initially increased with depth,peaked at 47.7 cm3/g and 41.5 cm3/g around 1000 m,and later decreased with depth.(2)four assessment areas and their geological model parameters were established based on CO_(2)phase variation and spatial distribution of coal thickness,(3)the abundance of CO_(2)geological storage capacity(ACGSC),which averages 40 cm3/g,shows an analogous circularity-sharp distribution,with the high abundance area influenced by depth and coal rank,and(4)the TCGSC and the effective CO_(2)geological storage capacity(ECGSC)are 9.72 Gt and 6.54 Gt;the gas subcritical area accounted for 76.41%of the total TCGSC.Although adsorption-related storage capacity accounted for more than 90%of total TCGSC,its proportion,however,decreased with depth.Future CO_(2)-ECBM project should focus on highrank coals in gas subcritical and gas-like supercritical areas.Such research will provide significant reference for assessment of CO_(2)geological storage capacity in deep coals.

Tumor Microenvironment Activated Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Precisely Controlled Tumor Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy

Therapeutic failures are always accompanied by surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy when metastasis or therapeutic resistance is present in tumors.Thus,it is of critical importance to optimize the therapeutic strategy to realize a high curative effect along with the best safety for patients.To achieve this goal,therapeutic agents that can differentiate tumors from normal tissues and exert specific and controlled cancer treatments are highly desirable.In this work,we constructed a multifunctional nanoplatform specifically responsive to the acidic tumor microenvironment using polyaniline and indocyanine green(ICG)loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles.The proton-activable photothermal property facilitates the differentiation and targeted damage of tumor tissues.Then,these nanoparticles generated reactive oxygen species(ROS)and local heat simultaneously upon single laser irradiation to exert a high tumor ablation efficiency.Overall,the combination therapy of photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)derived from the multifunctional nanoparticles has realized an elevated therapeutic efficacy compared to one single treatment mode.This unique nanomedicine represents a new design of tumor microenvironment-responsive therapeutical system for efficient cancer treatment,especially for the development of combined nanomedicine for further personalized cancer treatment.

无机纳米材料在骨组织工程与再生医学中的应用

自组织工程与再生医学概念提出以来,组织工程与再生医学特别是骨组织工程与再生医学得到了突飞猛进的发展.支架材料作为骨组织工程与再生医学三要素之一扮演着至关重要的角色.10余年来,大量的研究工作围绕支架材料展开.纳米生物材料尤其是无机纳米生物材料,具有优良的机械性能和生物相容性,成为制备骨组织工程与再生医学支架材料的理想选择,呈现出广阔的应用前景.本文对近年来无机纳米材料,包括羟基磷灰石、硅基纳米材料,含碳纳米材料及几种金属纳米材料在骨组织工程与再生医学中的应用进行综述.

开放环境下钛合金激光熔覆的局部气氛保护模型

针对开放环境下钛合金在激光熔覆过程中易被氧化的问题,提出了一种局部气氛保护模型。采用Fluent软件分析了不同保护气体流量下局部保护喷嘴可提供的有效保护气氛范围,并通过三次多项式拟合建立了气流有效保护长度的数学模型;然后利用响应面法建立了包括保护气体流量在内的工艺参数与熔覆过程中待保护高温区域长度之间的二次回归模型;对两个模型进行联立分析,最终建立了开放环境下钛合金激光熔覆的局部气氛保护模型。验证试验所得单道熔覆层形貌良好,表面呈银白色的金属光泽,说明熔覆过程中熔池及其周围高温区域得到了有效保护。所建局部气氛保护模型可用于指导开放环境下钛合金激光熔覆过程中保护气体流量的选用。

一种“硫醇-色烯点击反应”的荧光探针的合成及应用

本文设计合成了一种基于硫醇-色烯点击反应的荧光探针CHMPC-Ac,用于半胱氨酸(Cys)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的识别检测.这些生物硫醇因巯基的强亲核性而与探针的不饱和酮发生迈克尔加成反应,导致色烯分子开环等分子内级联反应,生成具有强荧光的香豆素衍生物,分别使荧光强度增强107、69和66倍.CHMPC-Ac具有灵敏度高(Cys:15 nM;Hcy:26 nM;GSH:22 nM)和响应快(Cys:20 s;Hcy:50 s;GSH:30 s)等优点,并已应用于HepG 2细胞和斑马鱼体内生物硫醇的识别检测.

Correlation between lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms and quality of life in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJECTIVE:To explore correlations between the symptoms of constipation and abdominal distention and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in patients with stable disease.METHODS:We studied 191 patients with stable COPD(according to defined criteria)in this cross-sectional study from four three-level class A Chinese medicine hospitals in China.We built an Epidata 3.0 database and performed statistical analysis with SPSS,version 17.0.We analyzed correlations between the frequency of lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms(constipation and abdominal distention)and scores for major pulmonary symptoms(cough,sputum and wheezing)based on the St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),6-minute walking distance(6MWD)and frequency of acute exacerbations of COPD(AECOPD).RESULTS:In addition to their pulmonary symptoms,39.79%and 40.31%of study patients withstable COPD reported constipation and abdominal distention,respectively.Scores for major pulmonary symptoms(cough,sputum and wheezing),AECOPD and SGRQ values in patients with constipation and abdominal distention were significantly greater,and the 6MWD markedly shorter,than in those without them.According to Pearson's correlation analysis,there were strong correlations between these lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms and scores for pulmonary symptoms,SGRQ,6MWD and AECOPD.CONCLUSION:Lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as constipation and abdominal distention can adversely affect pulmonary symptoms,frequency of acute exacerbations and quality of life in patients with stable COPD.

Cyanobacteria-based near-infrared light-excited self-supplying oxygen system for enhanced photodynamic therapy of hypoxic tumors

Tumor hypoxia has been considered to induce tumor cell resistance to radiotherapy and anticancer chemotherapy,as well as predisposing for increased tumor metastases.Therefore,strategies for the eradication of the hypoxic tumor are highly desirable.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a new technique that can be used to treat tumors using laser irradiation to photochemically activate a photosensitizer.Compared to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy,photodynamic therapy has many advantages,such as good selectivity,low toxicity,and less trauma and resistance.However,PDT is oxygen-dependent,and the lack of oxygen in hypoxic tumors renders photodynamic therapy ineffective.Cyanobacteria,the earliest photosynthetic oxygen-generating organisms,can utilize water as an electron donor to reduce CO_(2) into organic carbon compounds along with continuously releasing oxygen under sunlight.Inspired by this,herein,cyanobacteria were used as a living carrier of photosensitizer conjugated upconversion nanoparticles(UCNP)to construct a self-supplying oxygen PDT system.Improvement in the PDT efficiency for hypoxic tumors can be achieved as a result of in situ oxygen production by cyanobacteria under near-infrared(NIR)light using UCNP as a light harvesting antenna.A successful demonstration of this concept would be of great significance and could open the door to a new generation of carrier systems in the field of hypoxia-targeted drug transport platforms.

Gold nanorods-mediated efficient synergistic immunotherapy for detection and inhibition of postoperative tumor recurrence

Tumor recurrence after surgery is the main cause of treatment failure.However,the initial stage of recurrence is not easy to detect,and it is difficult to cure in the late stage.In order to improve the life quality of postoperative patients,an efficient synergistic immunotherapy was developed to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of post-surgical tumor recurrence,simultaneously.In this paper,two kinds of theranostic agents based on gold nanorods(AuNRs)platform were prepared.AuNRs and quantum dots(QDs)in one agent was used for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),using fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)technology to indicate the occurrence of in situ recurrence,while AuNRs in the other agent was used for photothermal therapy(PTT),together with antiPDL1 mediated immunotherapy to alleviate the process of tumor metastasis.A series of assays indicated that this synergistic immunotherapy could induce tumor cell death and the increased generation of CD3;/CD4;T-lymphocytes and CD3+;CD8;T-lymphocytes.Besides,more immune factors(IL-2,IL-6,and IFN-γ)produced by synergistic immunotherapy were secreted than mono-immunotherapy.This cooperative immunotherapy strategy could be utilized for diagnosis and treatment of postoperative tumor recurrence at the same time,providing a new perspective for basic and clinical research.

Defect-related luminescent bur-like hydroxyapatite microspheres induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells by lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways

When orthopedic joints coated by hydroxyapatite(HA) were implanted in the human body, they release wear debris into the surrounding tissues. The generation and accumulation of wear particles will induce aseptic loosening. However, the potential bioeffect and mechanism of HA-coated orthopedic implants on bone cells are poorly understood. In this study, defect-related luminescent bur-like hydroxyapatite(BHA) microspheres with the average diameter of 7–9 μm which are comparable to that of the wear-debris particles from aseptically loosened HA implants or HA debris have been synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis and the MC3 T3-E1 cells were set as a cells model to study the potential bioeffect and mechanism of BHA microspheres. The studies demonstrated that BHA microspheres could be taken into MC3 T3-E1 cells via endocytosis involved in micropinocytosisand clathrin-mediated endocytosis process, and exert cytotoxicity effect. BHA microspheres could induce the cell apoptosis by intracellular production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), which led to not only an increase in the permeability of lysosome and release of cathepsins B, but also mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. Our results provide novel evidence to elucidate their toxicity mechanisms and might be helpful for more reasonable applications of HA-based orthopaedic implants in the future.

Compositional dependence of hydrogenation performance of Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb high-entropy alloys for hydrogen/tritium storage

A series of Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb high-entropy alloys with different Mo concentrations were developed as candidate materials for hydrogen/tritium storage in solid phase.The crystal structures and hydrogenation properties of the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry techniques.All the alloys have a body-centred cubic single phase structure.The results demonstrate that the cell volume of the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb hydride decreases with increasing Mo concentration,which reduces their thermal stability.The theoretical calculation proposes that the lower binding energy of the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb hydride decreases the thermal stability of Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb alloys with higher Mo content.The great hydrogenation performance for all the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb alloys is owing to their reversible single-phase transformation during the hydrogen absorption-desorption cycle,which would be bene ficial to improving the hydrogen recycling rate and preventing the disproportionation.The compositional dependence of the hydrogenation performance of the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb alloys was established and will be useful in designing novel hydrogen/tritium storage materials to satisfy the requirements of diffe rent application fields in hydrogen,solar thermal and nuclear energy.

Effects of the physicochemical properties of gold nanostructures on cellular internalization

Unique physicochemical properties of Au nanomaterials make them potential star materials in biomedicalapplications. However, we still know a little about the basic problem of what really mattersin fabrication of Au nanomaterials which can get into biological systems, especially cells, with highefficiency. An understanding of how the physicochemical properties of Au nanomaterials affecttheir cell internalization is of significant interest. Studies devoted to clarify the functions of variousproperties of Au nanostructures such as size, shape and kinds of surface characteristics in cell internalizationare under way. These fundamental investigations will give us a foundation for constructingAu nanomaterial-based biomedical devices in the future. In this review, we present the current advancesand rationales in study of the relationship between the physicochemical properties of Aunanomaterials and cell uptake. We also provide a perspective on the Au nanomaterial-cell interactionresearch.