Grain boundaries(GBs)in perovskite polycrystalline films are the most sensitive place for the formation of the defect states and the accumulation of impurities.Thus,abundant works have been carried out to explore thei...Grain boundaries(GBs)in perovskite polycrystalline films are the most sensitive place for the formation of the defect states and the accumulation of impurities.Thus,abundant works have been carried out to explore their properties and then try to solve the induced problems.Currently,two important issues remain.First,the role of GBs in charge carrier dynamics is unclear due to their component complexity/defect tolerance nature and the insufficiency in testing accuracy.Some works conclude that GBs are benign,while others consider GBs as carrier recombination centers.Things for sure are the deterioration in ion transport and perovskite decomposition.Second,to solve the known hazards of GBs,a lot of additives have been added to anchoring ions and passivate defects.But in most of those works,GBs and perovskite surfaces are treated in the same manner ignoring the fact that GB is essentially a homogeneous junction in a narrow and slender space,while surface is a heterogeneous junction with a stratified structure.In this review,we focus on works insight into GBs and additives for them.Additionally,we also discuss the prospects of the maturity of GB exploration toward upscaling the manufacture of perovskite photovoltaic and related optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have great potential as the next generation of high-energy-density storage systems.However,the practical viability of Li-S batteries is largely hampered by undesirable shuttling behavior ...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have great potential as the next generation of high-energy-density storage systems.However,the practical viability of Li-S batteries is largely hampered by undesirable shuttling behavior and sluggish conversion kinetics of polysulfides.Herein,a multifunctional separatormodified layer(In/Zr-BTB nanosheets)with the merits of robust structures and efficient catalytic metal sites has been presented.In/Zr-BTB nanosheets inherit the stable structure from Zr-BTB and strengthen the catalytic performance due to the introduction of highly catalytic species indium via metal-ion exchange.The thickness and areal mass loading of the modified layer are only 260 nm and 0.011 mg/cm2,respectively.Nevertheless,the ultrathin modification layers with efficient catalytic species,compact structures,and uniform pore channels can realize fast Li+transport,effective polysulfide interception,and rapid catalytic conversion.Therefore,the In/Zr-BTB@PP cell with a high sulfur content of 80 wt%could maintain high capacity retention of 85.6%with a low capacity fading rate of 0.048%per cycle after 300 cycles even at a high current rate of 2 C.This work opens a new door toward the design of versatile metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets and multifunctional separators for high-energy-density Li-S batteries.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52001066,21805039,22005054,21975044,21971038,and 22271046)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2023J01500)young teacher training program of Fujian Normal University(SDPY2023013).
文摘Grain boundaries(GBs)in perovskite polycrystalline films are the most sensitive place for the formation of the defect states and the accumulation of impurities.Thus,abundant works have been carried out to explore their properties and then try to solve the induced problems.Currently,two important issues remain.First,the role of GBs in charge carrier dynamics is unclear due to their component complexity/defect tolerance nature and the insufficiency in testing accuracy.Some works conclude that GBs are benign,while others consider GBs as carrier recombination centers.Things for sure are the deterioration in ion transport and perovskite decomposition.Second,to solve the known hazards of GBs,a lot of additives have been added to anchoring ions and passivate defects.But in most of those works,GBs and perovskite surfaces are treated in the same manner ignoring the fact that GB is essentially a homogeneous junction in a narrow and slender space,while surface is a heterogeneous junction with a stratified structure.In this review,we focus on works insight into GBs and additives for them.Additionally,we also discuss the prospects of the maturity of GB exploration toward upscaling the manufacture of perovskite photovoltaic and related optoelectronic devices.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22005054,22101048,21805039,21971038,and 21975044)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(grant no.2021J01149)State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry(grant no.20200007).
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have great potential as the next generation of high-energy-density storage systems.However,the practical viability of Li-S batteries is largely hampered by undesirable shuttling behavior and sluggish conversion kinetics of polysulfides.Herein,a multifunctional separatormodified layer(In/Zr-BTB nanosheets)with the merits of robust structures and efficient catalytic metal sites has been presented.In/Zr-BTB nanosheets inherit the stable structure from Zr-BTB and strengthen the catalytic performance due to the introduction of highly catalytic species indium via metal-ion exchange.The thickness and areal mass loading of the modified layer are only 260 nm and 0.011 mg/cm2,respectively.Nevertheless,the ultrathin modification layers with efficient catalytic species,compact structures,and uniform pore channels can realize fast Li+transport,effective polysulfide interception,and rapid catalytic conversion.Therefore,the In/Zr-BTB@PP cell with a high sulfur content of 80 wt%could maintain high capacity retention of 85.6%with a low capacity fading rate of 0.048%per cycle after 300 cycles even at a high current rate of 2 C.This work opens a new door toward the design of versatile metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets and multifunctional separators for high-energy-density Li-S batteries.
