Geographical Traceability of Clinacanthus nutans with Near-Infrared Pectroscopy and Chemometrics

In this study, a seed origin discrimination model for Clinacanthus nutans was developed. First, 81 C. nutans samples from three seed origin locations were collected, and their Near-Infrared (NIR) spectra were obtained. Next, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on the NIR spectra of the 81 C. nutans samples. Then, MSC (multiplicative scatter correction), SNV (standard normal variate), first derivative, and second derivative pre-treatments of the C. nutans spectra were performed and combined with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for modelling and analysis. Among these methods, first-order derivative pre-treatment achieved the best SVM model effectiveness, with a training set accuracy of 93.44% (57/61) and a test set accuracy of 85.00% (17/20). In order to further improve the discrimination accuracy of the model, three optimization algorithms Grid Search (GS), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) were employed to identify the best c and g parameters for the SVM model. The results demonstrated that the PSO optimization algorithm yielded the best parameters of c = 0.8343, g = 57.8741, with corresponding model training set the accuracy of 96.36% (60/61) and test set the accuracy of 95.00% (20/21). Therefore, developing a seed origin classification model for C. nutans based on NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics is feasible and has the advantages of being simple, rapid, and green.

Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for the rapid analysis of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos solution extracted by water

A rapid quantitative analytical method for three components of Lonicerae Japornicae Flos solution(Lonicera Japonica Thumb.)extracted by water was developed using near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy and the partial least-squares(PLS)method.The NIR spectra of 81 samples collected from a production line were obtained.The concentrations of secologanic acid,chlorogenicacid and galuteolin were detemmined by using high-performance liquid chromatography-diodearray detection as the reference method.Several pretreatment methods for the NIR spectra wereusedi during PLS calibration.The most appropriate latent variable number of the PLS factor wasselected based on the standard error of cross-validation(SECV).The performance of the finalPLS models was evaluated according to SECV,standard error of predliction(SEP)and deter-mination coeficient(R^(2)).The compounds secologanic acid,chlorogenic acid and galuteolin hadSEP values of 0.030,0.061 and 1.668μg/mL,respectively and R^(2) values over 0.85.This workshows that NIR spectroscopy is a rapid and convenient method for the analysis of LoniceraeJaponicae Flos solution extracted by water.The proposed method can help in the application ofprocs analytical technology in the pha maceutical industry,particularly in tra ditional Chinesemedicine injections.

A Rapid and Simple Quantitative Method for the Active Ingredients of Aescin in the Extraction Process Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

To achieve a rapid and simple detection for the active ingredients of Aescin in the extraction process using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and to realize the state monitoring and quality control of the extraction process. Partial least square regression (PLS) was applied to build the near-infrared calibration models, and the applicability of the model was investigated by predicting the unknown samples in the extraction process. The correlation coefficients of the established Aescin models (A, B, C, D) were 0.9836, 0.9831, 0.9833, 0.9824, and the prediction standard deviations (SEP) were 0.05636, 0.05043, 0.02412, 0.05636, respectively. This study suggests that the proposed model has superior stability and accuracy. NIR spectroscopy technique provides a novel efficient and environmentally friendly approach to the rapid determination of four Aescin key quality indicators (A, B, C, D) in the extraction, which was solved the problem that the lack of state monitoring during the extraction of Aescin, thereby improved the quality of Aescin.

Clinical characteristics and pre-surgery diagnostic criteria of aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma

To the Editor:Primary aldosteronism,characterized by hypertension,with or without hypokalemia,is the most frequent form of endocrine hypertension,which is mostly caused by bilateral adrenal hyperplasia or aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenomas(APAA).However,it can also be induced by aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma(APAC),which is rare.Because of the rarity and malignancy.

Histological analysis of hypoglycemic agents on liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:a systematic review

To the Editor:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a spectrum of diseases:simple steatosis,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),and the related fibrosis and cirrhosis.[1]The treatment of NAFLD should aim to reverse or prevent liver fibrosis,which is associated with liver-specific morbidity or mortality,rather than just to reduce circulating liver enzyme activities and improve NASH.

Phenotypical and structural characterization of the Arabidopsis mutant involved in shoot apical meristem

An Arabidopsis mutant induced by T-DNA insertion was studied with respect to its phenotype,microstructure of shoot apical meristem(SAM)and histochemical localization of the GUS gene in comparison with the wild type.Phenotypical observation found that the mutant exhibited a dwarf phenotype with smaller organs(such as smaller leaves,shorter petioles),and slower development and flowering time compared to the wild type.Optical microscopic analysis of the mutant showed that it had a smaller and more flattened SAM,with reduced cell layers and a shortened distance between two leaf primordia compared with the wild type.In addition,analysis of the histo-chemical localization of the GUS gene revealed that it was specifically expressed in the SAM and the vascular tissue of the mutant,which suggests that the gene trapped by T-DNA may function in the SAM,and T-DNA insertion could influence the functional activity of the related gene in the mutant,leading to alterations in the SAM and a series of phenotypes in the mutant.