Controllable decoration of Ni-MOF on TiO_(2):Understanding the role of coordination state on photoelectrochemical performance

Decoration of metal-organic framework(MOF)has been considered as an effective route to improve the photoelectrochemical(PEC)performance of TiO_(2),but there is still a lack of understanding of the regulatory structure.Herein,Ni-MOF was rationally introduced by in-situ etching method,which helps for artificially regulating the coordination state of Ni sites.The photocurrent density(0.81 mA/cm^(2))and IPCE value(33.1%)of TiO_(2)-MOF-2 are about twice higher than that of pristine TiO_(2) due to the rich unsaturated sites of Ni-MOF.Meanwhile,the saturated coordination has caused the decline of PEC performance because of the obvious steric hindrance.Therefore,this work presents an insight for the effect of coordination state on PEC activity especially in MOF system.

Heterozygous CARD9 mutation favors the development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Background:Previous research demonstrated that a homozygous mutation of g.136372044G>A(S12N)in caspase recruitment domain family member 9(CARD9)is critical for producing Aspergillus fumigatus-induced(Af-induced)T helper 2(T_(H)2)-mediated responses in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA).However,it remains unclear whether the CARD9^(S12N)mutation,especially the heterozygous occurrence,predisposes the host to ABPA.Methods:A total of 61 ABPA patients and 264 controls(including 156 healthy controls and 108 asthma patients)were recruited for sequencing the CARD9 locus to clarify whether patients with this heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms are predisposed to the development of ABPA.A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments,such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,flow cytometry,and RNA isolation and quantification,were used to illuminate the involved mechanism of the disease.Results:The presence of the p.S12N mutation was associated with a significant risk of ABPA in ABPA patients when compared with healthy controls and asthma patients,regardless of Aspergillus sensitivity.Relative to healthy controls without relevant allergies,the mutation of p.S12N was associated with a significant risk of ABPA(OR:2.69 and 4.17 for GA and AA genotypes,P=0.003 and 0.029,respectively).Compared with patients with asthma,ABPA patients had a significantly higher heterozygous mutation(GA genotype),indicating that p.S12N might be a significant ABPA-susceptibility locus(aspergillus sensitized asthma:OR:3.02,P=0.009;aspergillus unsensitized asthma:OR:2.94,P=0.005).The mutant allele was preferentially expressed in ABPA patients with heterozygous CARD9^(S12N),which contributes to its functional alterations to facilitate Af-induced T_(H)2-mediated ABPA development.In terms of mechanism,Card9 wild-type(Card9^(WT))expression levels decreased significantly due to Af-induced decay of its messenger RNA compared to the heterozygous Card9 S12N.In addition,ABPA patients with heterozygous CARD9^(S12N)had increased Af-induced interleukin-5 production.Conclusion:Our study provides the genetic evidence showing that the heterozygous mutation of CARD9^(S12N),followed by allele expression imbalance of CARD9^(S12N),facilitates the development of ABPA.

Eligibility of C-BIOPRED severe asthma cohort for type-2 biologic therapies

To the Editor:Patients with severe persistent asthma experience greater morbidity with more impairment in quality of life despite higher use of health care resources and being treated with existing asthma treatments such as inhaled corticosteroids and b-agonists,and sometimes oral corticosteroid(OCS)therapy.Type-2(T2)high asthma has been identified as a phenotype that responds to targeted T2 biologic therapies such as anti-IgE,anti-interleukin(IL)5,or anti-IL5Ra and anti-IL4Ra monoclonal antibodies,which are currently available in Europe and North America,and are currently introduced in the rest of the world.[1]

Diagnosis,treatment,and potential causative mutations of cryptogenic plastic bronchitis

To the Editor:Plastic bronchitis(PB)is a rare pulmonary disease characterized by the production of branching bronchial casts that fill the airways.It is less common in adults than in children,and occurs after 1%to 4%of Fontan surgeries.[1]

Executive summary of Chinese expert consensus for topical application of anti-microbial agents for lower respiratory tract infection in adults

In recent years,with the increased prevalence of multi-drug resistant(MDR)bacterial infection and chronic pulmonary infection,the topical application of anti-microbial agents,mainly inhaled antibiotics,has come back to clinical practice.Several formulations for nebulization and dry powder inhaler(DPI)have been approved for inhaled anti-infective therapy.Meanwhile,evidence and experience have been accumulated in the use of anti-microbial agents delivered via airway.However,the available studies in this field are heterogenous in the study population,drug delivery route and dosages.The efficacy and safety of inhaled anti-infective therapy in various types of lower respiratory tract infections(LRTIs)need to be evaluated.Moreover.