Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor has been shown to lower the incidence of Parkinson's disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.Therefore,using these two treatme...Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor has been shown to lower the incidence of Parkinson's disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.Therefore,using these two treatments may help treat Parkinson's disease.To further investigate the mechanisms of action of these two compounds,we established a model of Parkinson's disease by treating mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and then subcutaneously injected them with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 or the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor linagliptin.We found that both exendin-4 and linagliptin reversed motor dysfunction,glial activation,and dopaminergic neuronal death in this model.In addition,both exendin-4 and linagliptin induced microglial polarization to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.Moreover,in vitro experiments showed that treatment with exendin-4 and linagliptin inhibited activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-and leucine-rich-repeat-and pyrin-domaincontaining 3/caspase-1/interleukin-1βpathway and subsequent pyroptosis by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species.These findings suggest that exendin-4 and linagliptin exert neuroprotective effects by attenuating neuroinflammation through regulation of microglial polarization and the nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain-and leucine-rich-repeat-and pyrin-domain-containing 3/caspase-1/interleukin-1βpathway in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.Therefore,these two drugs may serve as novel anti-inflammatory treatments for Parkinson's disease.展开更多
Flavonoids from Huangqin(dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) have anti-inflammatory effects, and are considered useful for treatment of spinal cord injury. To verify this hypothesis, the T9-10 spinal cord...Flavonoids from Huangqin(dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) have anti-inflammatory effects, and are considered useful for treatment of spinal cord injury. To verify this hypothesis, the T9-10 spinal cord segments of rats were damaged using Allen's method to establish a rat spinal cord injury model. Before model establishment, Huangqin flavonoid extraction(12.5 g/kg) was administered intragastrically for 1 week until 28 days after model establishment. Methylprednisolone(30 mg/kg) was injected into the tail vein at 30 minutes after model establishment as a positive control. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scale scores were used to assess hind limb motor function. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect pathological changes in the injured spinal cord. Immunofluorescence and western blot assays were performed to measure immunoreactivity and expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal marker neurofilament protein, microglial marker CD11 b and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein in the injured spinal cord. Huangqin flavonoid extraction markedly reduced spinal cord hematoma, inflammatory cell infiltration and cavities and scars, and increased the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scale scores; these effects were identical to those of methylprednisolone. Huangqin flavonoid extraction also increased immunoreactivity and expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurofilament protein, and reduced immunoreactivity and expression levels of CD11 b and glial fibrillary acidic protein, in the injured spinal cord. Overall, these data suggest that Huangqin flavonoid extraction can promote recovery of spinal cord injury by inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurofilament protein expression, reducing microglia activation and regulating reactive astrocytes.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,The development of an effective tetravalent vaccine against dengue viruses(DENVs)has become a world priority.We previously showed that four monovalent dengue DNA vaccines expressing premembrane(prM)and env...DEAR EDITOR,The development of an effective tetravalent vaccine against dengue viruses(DENVs)has become a world priority.We previously showed that four monovalent dengue DNA vaccines expressing premembrane(prM)and envelope(E)proteins displayed effective protection against corresponding challenges in mice.Thus,to elucidate the overall immunity and persistence of the tetravalent formulation(TetraME),we evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses as well as the long-term protection in the current study.TetraME-immunized mice displayed increased production of Th1/Th2-typed cytokines upon stimulation with heterologous DENV antigens.Moreover,high levels of tetravalent DENV antibodies and sterilized immunity were detected long-term(30 weeks after immunization).These findings provide feasible validation for the potential utility of this vaccine formulation.展开更多
Graphene(G) was dispersed into 0.5% chitosan(Chit) solution,then the composite films were coated on glassy carbon electrode(GCE),the electrochemical behavior of rutin on a Chit/G modified GCE was investigated an...Graphene(G) was dispersed into 0.5% chitosan(Chit) solution,then the composite films were coated on glassy carbon electrode(GCE),the electrochemical behavior of rutin on a Chit/G modified GCE was investigated and the electrochemical parameters of rutin were calculated.Rutin effectively accumulated on the Chit/G/GCE and caused a pair of redox peaks at around 408 mV and 482 mV(vs.SCE) in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution(pH 4.0).Under optimized conditions,the anodic peak current was linear to the rutin concentration in the range of 5×107-1.04×105M.The regression equation was:y 9.9219x-0.0025,r=0.9958.The proposed method was successfully used for the determination of rutin content in tablet samples with satisfactory results.展开更多
A nonlocal circulator protocol is proposed in a hybrid optomechanical system.By analogy with quantum communication,using the input-output relationship,we establish the quantum channel between two optical modes with lo...A nonlocal circulator protocol is proposed in a hybrid optomechanical system.By analogy with quantum communication,using the input-output relationship,we establish the quantum channel between two optical modes with long-range.The three-body nonlocal interaction between the cavity and the two oscillators is obtained by eliminating the optomechanical cavity mode and verifying the Bell-CHSH inequality of continuous variables.By introducing the phase accumulation between cyclic interactions,the unidirectional transmission of quantum state between the optical mode and two mechanical modes is achieved.The results show that nonreciprocal transmissions are achieved as long as the accumulated phase reaches a certain value.In addition,the effective interaction parameters in our system are amplified,which reduces the difficulty of the implementation of our protocol.Our research can provide potential applications for nonlocal manipulation and transmission control of quantum platforms.展开更多
Objective:To explore the uterine artery and fetal umbilical artery hemodynamic change in patients with HDP.Methods:A total of 80 patients with HDP who came to our hospital from July, 2015 to July, 2016 for pregnancy e...Objective:To explore the uterine artery and fetal umbilical artery hemodynamic change in patients with HDP.Methods:A total of 80 patients with HDP who came to our hospital from July, 2015 to July, 2016 for pregnancy examination were included in the study and served as the observation group, while 80 healthy pregnant women who came for pregnancy examination in the same period were served as the control group. The pregnant women in the two groups were performed with sequential color Doppler ultrasound at gestation 30-40 weeks. The two-dimensional ultrasound apparatus was used to detect the uterine artery and umbilical artery. PI, RI, and S/D were recorded. The fetal BPD, head girth, femur length, and abdominal girth were measured. ELISA was used to detect 8-iso-PGF2α. The immunoturbidimetry was used to detect Cys-C and CRP.Results:The uterine artery PI, RI, and S/D in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The umbilical artery PI, RI, and S/D in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The fetal BPD, head girth, femur length, and abdominal girth in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group. 8-iso-PGF2α, Cys C, and CRP levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Conclusions:The uterine artery and umbilical artery blood flow resistance in patients with HDP are significantly elevated, which can severely affect the placental blood perfusion and fetal growth and development, while the color Doppler ultrasound can provide a non-invasive diagnosis for fetal distress in uterus.展开更多
Background Youth suicide has been a pressing public mental health concern in China,yet there is a lack of gatekeeper intervention programmes developed locally to prevent suicide among Chinese adolescents.Aims The curr...Background Youth suicide has been a pressing public mental health concern in China,yet there is a lack of gatekeeper intervention programmes developed locally to prevent suicide among Chinese adolescents.Aims The current Delphi study was the first step in the systematic development of the Life Gatekeeper programme,the first gatekeeper programme to be developed locally in China that aims to equip teachers and parents with the knowledge,skills and ability to identify and intervene with students at high risk of suicide.Methods The Delphi method was used to elicit a consensus of experts who were invited to evaluate the importance of training content,the feasibility of the training delivery method,the possibility of achieving the training goals and,finally,the appropriateness of the training materials.Two Delphi rounds were conducted among local experts with diversified professional backgrounds in suicide research and practice.Statements were accepted for inclusion in the adjusted training programme if they were endorsed by at least 80%of the panel.Results Consensus was achieved on 201 out of 207 statements for inclusion into the adapted guidelines for the gatekeeper programme,with 151 from the original questionnaire and 50 generated from comments of the panel members.These endorsed statements were synthesised to develop the content of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.Conclusions This Delphi study provided an evidence base for developing the first gatekeeper training programme systematically and locally in China.We hope that the current study can pave the way for more evidence-based suicide prevention programmes in China.Further study is warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.展开更多
The urgent need for effective cancer treatments,particularly for advanced and relapsed cases in which standard therapies are inadequate,has spurred the development of innovative therapeutic drugs1,2.Among the strategi...The urgent need for effective cancer treatments,particularly for advanced and relapsed cases in which standard therapies are inadequate,has spurred the development of innovative therapeutic drugs1,2.Among the strategies to expedite drug development,the use of single-arm trials(SATs)is emerging as a promising avenue with substantial potential to shorten drug approval timelines and accelerate market entry.展开更多
Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has allowed for the profiling of host and virus transcripts and host-virus interactions at single-cell resolution.This review summarizes the existing scRNA-seq technologies togethe...Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has allowed for the profiling of host and virus transcripts and host-virus interactions at single-cell resolution.This review summarizes the existing scRNA-seq technologies together with their strengths and weaknesses.The applications of scRNA-seq in various virological studies are discussed in depth,which broaden the understanding of the immune atlas,host-virus interactions,and immune repertoire.scRNA-seq can be widely used for virology in the near future to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms and discover more effective therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Dengue virus(DENV) has four distinct serotypes. DENV infection can result in classic dengue fever and life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. In recent decades, DENV infection has become an im...Dengue virus(DENV) has four distinct serotypes. DENV infection can result in classic dengue fever and life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. In recent decades, DENV infection has become an important public health concern in epidemic-prone areas. Vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent and control viral infections. However, several challenges impede the development of effective DENV vaccines, such as the lack of suitable animal models and the antibody-dependent enhancement phenomenon. Although no licensed DENV vaccine is available, significant progress has been made. This review summarizes candidate DENV vaccines from recent investigations.展开更多
After dengue virus(DENV)infection,antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)is easy to occur when the neutralizing antibody(NAb)gradually decreases to a sub-neutralizing concentration.In this cohort surveillance,we utilized ...After dengue virus(DENV)infection,antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)is easy to occur when the neutralizing antibody(NAb)gradually decreases to a sub-neutralizing concentration.In this cohort surveillance,we utilized sera samples collected from dengue fever patients at different convalescent phases in Jinghong City,to investigate the dynamic change rule of DENV-specific antibodies,and to analyze the risk of ADE caused by secondary infection with heterologous serotypes DENVs.For baseline serosurvey,191 four-year and 99 six-year sera samples during convalescence were collected in 2017 and 2019,respectively.The positive rate of DENVspecific immunoglobulin G was 98.4%in 2017,which significantly decreased to 82.8%in 2019.The geometric mean titer(GMT)of NAb decreased from 1:155.35 to 1:46.66.Among 290 overall samples,73 paired consecutive samples were used for follow-up serosurvey.In four-year sera,the GMTs of NAb against DENV-3 and cross-reactive antibodies against DENV-1,DENV-2 and DENV-4 were 1:167.70,1:13.80,1:18.54 and 1:45.26,respectively,which decreased to 1:53.18,1:10.30,1:14.60 and 1:8.17 in six-year sera.In age-stratified analysis,due to the increasing number of ADE positive samples from 2017 to 2019 in 31–40 and 51–60 years groups,the risk of ADE in DENV-4 infection was positively associated with the extension of convalescent phase,and the odd ratio was higher than other groups.With the recovery period lengthened,the risk of secondary infection with DENV-1 and DENV-2 was reduced.Our results offer essential experimental data for risk prediction of severe dengue in hyper-endemic dengue areas,and provide crucial scientific insight for the development of effective dengue vaccines.展开更多
Zika virus(ZIKV)poses a serious threat to global public health due to its close relationship with neurological and male reproductive damage.However,deficiency of human testicular samples hinders the in-depth research ...Zika virus(ZIKV)poses a serious threat to global public health due to its close relationship with neurological and male reproductive damage.However,deficiency of human testicular samples hinders the in-depth research on ZIKV-induced male reproductive system injury.Organoids are relatively simple in vitro models,which could mimic the pathological changes of corresponding organs.In this study,we constructed a 3D testicular organoid model using primary testicular cells from adult BALB/c mice.Similar to the testis,this organoid system has a blood-testis barrier(BTB)-like structure and could synthesize testosterone.ZIKV tropism of testicular cells and ZIKV-induced pathological changes in testicular organoid was also similar to that in mammalian testis.Therefore,our results provide a simple and reproducible in vitro testicular model for the investigations of ZIKV-induced testicular injury.展开更多
Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(MAHs)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are both well known as hazardous air pollutants and also important anthropogenic precursors of tropospheric ozone(O3)and secondary organi...Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(MAHs)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are both well known as hazardous air pollutants and also important anthropogenic precursors of tropospheric ozone(O3)and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,there have been intensive studies covering MAHs emission from various sources and their behavior under stimulated photochemical conditions.Yet in-situ measurements of PAHs presence and variations in ambient air are sparse.Herein we conducted large geometrical scale mobile measurements for 16 aromatic hydrocarbons(AHs,including 7 MAHs and 9 PAHs)in eastern China between October 27 and November 8,2019.This unique dataset has allowed for some insights in terms of AHs concentration variations,accompanying chemical composition,source contributions and spatial distributions in eastern China.In general,AHs showed a clear concentration variability between the south and the north of the Yangtze River Delta(YRD).The concentrations of PAHs were approximately 9%of AHs,but contributed 23%of SOA formation potential.Source apportionment via positive matrix factorization(PMF)model revealed that industrial processes as the largest source(44%)of observed AHs,followed by solvent usage(21%),vehicle exhaust(19%),coal combustion(11%)and coking processes(6%).In the perspective of PAHs sources,coal combustion emissions were identified as the dominating factor of a share of 41%–52%in eastern China.Our findings complemented the simultaneously monitoring information of PAHs and MAHs in eastern China,revealed the importance of PAHs to SOA formation and highlighted the necessity of formulating strategies to reduce emissions from anthropogenic sources and reduce risks to human health.展开更多
Viral encephalitis continues to be a significant public health concern.In our previous study,we discovered a lower expression of antiviral factors,such as IFN-β,STING and IFI16,in the brain tissues of patients with R...Viral encephalitis continues to be a significant public health concern.In our previous study,we discovered a lower expression of antiviral factors,such as IFN-β,STING and IFI16,in the brain tissues of patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis(RE),a rare chronic neurological disorder often occurred in children,characterized by unihemispheric brain atrophy.Furthermore,a higher cumulative viral score of human herpes viruses(HHVs)was also found to have a significant positive correlation with the unihemispheric atrophy in RE.Type I IFNs(IFN-I)signaling is essential for innate anti-infection response by binding to IFN-α/βreceptor(IFNAR).In this study,we infected WT mice and IFNAR-deficient A6 mice with herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1)via periocular injection to investigate the relationship between IFN-I signaling and HHVs-induced brain lesions.While all mice exhibited typical viral encephalitis lesions in their brains,HSV-induced epilepsy was only observed in A6 mice.The gene expression matrix,functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network revealed four gene models that were positively related with HSV-induced epilepsy.Additionally,ten key genes with the highest scores were identified.Taken together,these findings indicate that intact IFN-I signaling can effectively limit HHVs induced neural symptoms and brain lesions,thereby confirming the positive correlation between IFN-I signaling repression and brain atrophy in RE and other HHVs encephalitis.展开更多
Rasmussen's encephalitis(RE) is a rare and severe progressive epileptic syndrome with unknown etiology. Infection by viruses, including human cytomegalovirus(HCMV), has been speculated to be a potential trigger fo...Rasmussen's encephalitis(RE) is a rare and severe progressive epileptic syndrome with unknown etiology. Infection by viruses, including human cytomegalovirus(HCMV), has been speculated to be a potential trigger for RE. However, no viral antigens have been detected in the brains of patients with RE; thus, a possible clinical linkage between viral infections and RE has not been firmly established. In this study, we evaluated the expression of HCMV pp65 antigen in brain sections from 26 patients with RE and 20 non-RE patients by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and assessed the associations between HCMV infection and clinical parameters.Elevated expression of HCMV pp65 protein and DNA was observed in 88.5%(23/26) and 69.2%(18/26) of RE cases, respectively. In the non-RE group, HCMV pp65 antigen was detected only in two cases(10%), both of which were negative for DNA staining. Additionally, the intensity of HCMV pp65 staining was correlated with a shorter duration of the prodromal stage, younger age of seizure onset, and more severe unilateral cortical atrophy. Elevated expression of HCMV pp65 was observed in RE brain tissue and was correlated with the clinical features of RE disease. In summary, our results suggested that HCMV infection may be involved in the occurrence and progression of RE disease. Thus, further studies are needed to determine whether early treatment with anti-HCMV antibodies could modulate the course of RE.展开更多
An emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus named Zika virus(ZIKV), of the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus, is becoming a global health threat. ZIKV infection was long neglected due to its sporadic nature and mild s...An emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus named Zika virus(ZIKV), of the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus, is becoming a global health threat. ZIKV infection was long neglected due to its sporadic nature and mild symptoms. However, recently, with its rapid spread from Asia to the Americas, affecting more than 30 countries, accumulating evidences have demonstrated a close association between infant microcephaly and Zika infection in pregnant women. Here, we reviewed the virological, epidemiological, and clinical essentials of ZIKV infection.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81771271(to JF),31800898(to WL),81430025(to JYL),and U1801681(to JYL)Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province,No.2020JH2/10300047(to JF)+1 种基金the Key Field Research Development Program of Guangdong Province,No.2018B030337001(to JYL)the Outstanding Scientific Fund of Shengjing Hospital,No.M0475(to JF)。
文摘Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor has been shown to lower the incidence of Parkinson's disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.Therefore,using these two treatments may help treat Parkinson's disease.To further investigate the mechanisms of action of these two compounds,we established a model of Parkinson's disease by treating mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and then subcutaneously injected them with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 or the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor linagliptin.We found that both exendin-4 and linagliptin reversed motor dysfunction,glial activation,and dopaminergic neuronal death in this model.In addition,both exendin-4 and linagliptin induced microglial polarization to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.Moreover,in vitro experiments showed that treatment with exendin-4 and linagliptin inhibited activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-and leucine-rich-repeat-and pyrin-domaincontaining 3/caspase-1/interleukin-1βpathway and subsequent pyroptosis by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species.These findings suggest that exendin-4 and linagliptin exert neuroprotective effects by attenuating neuroinflammation through regulation of microglial polarization and the nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain-and leucine-rich-repeat-and pyrin-domain-containing 3/caspase-1/interleukin-1βpathway in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.Therefore,these two drugs may serve as novel anti-inflammatory treatments for Parkinson's disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81403278(to QZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China,No.2017JM8058(to QZ)the Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China,No.15-ZY038(to QZ)
文摘Flavonoids from Huangqin(dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) have anti-inflammatory effects, and are considered useful for treatment of spinal cord injury. To verify this hypothesis, the T9-10 spinal cord segments of rats were damaged using Allen's method to establish a rat spinal cord injury model. Before model establishment, Huangqin flavonoid extraction(12.5 g/kg) was administered intragastrically for 1 week until 28 days after model establishment. Methylprednisolone(30 mg/kg) was injected into the tail vein at 30 minutes after model establishment as a positive control. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scale scores were used to assess hind limb motor function. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect pathological changes in the injured spinal cord. Immunofluorescence and western blot assays were performed to measure immunoreactivity and expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal marker neurofilament protein, microglial marker CD11 b and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein in the injured spinal cord. Huangqin flavonoid extraction markedly reduced spinal cord hematoma, inflammatory cell infiltration and cavities and scars, and increased the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scale scores; these effects were identical to those of methylprednisolone. Huangqin flavonoid extraction also increased immunoreactivity and expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurofilament protein, and reduced immunoreactivity and expression levels of CD11 b and glial fibrillary acidic protein, in the injured spinal cord. Overall, these data suggest that Huangqin flavonoid extraction can promote recovery of spinal cord injury by inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurofilament protein expression, reducing microglia activation and regulating reactive astrocytes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81772172 81671971 U1602223)
文摘DEAR EDITOR,The development of an effective tetravalent vaccine against dengue viruses(DENVs)has become a world priority.We previously showed that four monovalent dengue DNA vaccines expressing premembrane(prM)and envelope(E)proteins displayed effective protection against corresponding challenges in mice.Thus,to elucidate the overall immunity and persistence of the tetravalent formulation(TetraME),we evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses as well as the long-term protection in the current study.TetraME-immunized mice displayed increased production of Th1/Th2-typed cytokines upon stimulation with heterologous DENV antigens.Moreover,high levels of tetravalent DENV antibodies and sterilized immunity were detected long-term(30 weeks after immunization).These findings provide feasible validation for the potential utility of this vaccine formulation.
基金support of the Twelfth Five-Year National Science and Technology Support Program (2011BAI05B02)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2011-95)+1 种基金the Project of Science and Technology Agency of Lanzhou (No.2011-1-67)item of scientific and technological research from Gansu province administration bureau of traditional Chinese medicine (GZK-2011-73),Gansu,China
文摘Graphene(G) was dispersed into 0.5% chitosan(Chit) solution,then the composite films were coated on glassy carbon electrode(GCE),the electrochemical behavior of rutin on a Chit/G modified GCE was investigated and the electrochemical parameters of rutin were calculated.Rutin effectively accumulated on the Chit/G/GCE and caused a pair of redox peaks at around 408 mV and 482 mV(vs.SCE) in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution(pH 4.0).Under optimized conditions,the anodic peak current was linear to the rutin concentration in the range of 5×107-1.04×105M.The regression equation was:y 9.9219x-0.0025,r=0.9958.The proposed method was successfully used for the determination of rutin content in tablet samples with satisfactory results.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12061023,12074206,11704026,11704205,11704042,and 11847128)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University,China。
文摘A nonlocal circulator protocol is proposed in a hybrid optomechanical system.By analogy with quantum communication,using the input-output relationship,we establish the quantum channel between two optical modes with long-range.The three-body nonlocal interaction between the cavity and the two oscillators is obtained by eliminating the optomechanical cavity mode and verifying the Bell-CHSH inequality of continuous variables.By introducing the phase accumulation between cyclic interactions,the unidirectional transmission of quantum state between the optical mode and two mechanical modes is achieved.The results show that nonreciprocal transmissions are achieved as long as the accumulated phase reaches a certain value.In addition,the effective interaction parameters in our system are amplified,which reduces the difficulty of the implementation of our protocol.Our research can provide potential applications for nonlocal manipulation and transmission control of quantum platforms.
文摘Objective:To explore the uterine artery and fetal umbilical artery hemodynamic change in patients with HDP.Methods:A total of 80 patients with HDP who came to our hospital from July, 2015 to July, 2016 for pregnancy examination were included in the study and served as the observation group, while 80 healthy pregnant women who came for pregnancy examination in the same period were served as the control group. The pregnant women in the two groups were performed with sequential color Doppler ultrasound at gestation 30-40 weeks. The two-dimensional ultrasound apparatus was used to detect the uterine artery and umbilical artery. PI, RI, and S/D were recorded. The fetal BPD, head girth, femur length, and abdominal girth were measured. ELISA was used to detect 8-iso-PGF2α. The immunoturbidimetry was used to detect Cys-C and CRP.Results:The uterine artery PI, RI, and S/D in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The umbilical artery PI, RI, and S/D in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The fetal BPD, head girth, femur length, and abdominal girth in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group. 8-iso-PGF2α, Cys C, and CRP levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Conclusions:The uterine artery and umbilical artery blood flow resistance in patients with HDP are significantly elevated, which can severely affect the placental blood perfusion and fetal growth and development, while the color Doppler ultrasound can provide a non-invasive diagnosis for fetal distress in uterus.
基金funding from Research Fund of VankeSchool of Public Health(100009001)funding from Shuimu Tsinghua Scholarfunding from Beijing High Level Public HealthTechnical Specialist Development Fund(Discipline backbone-02-07).
文摘Background Youth suicide has been a pressing public mental health concern in China,yet there is a lack of gatekeeper intervention programmes developed locally to prevent suicide among Chinese adolescents.Aims The current Delphi study was the first step in the systematic development of the Life Gatekeeper programme,the first gatekeeper programme to be developed locally in China that aims to equip teachers and parents with the knowledge,skills and ability to identify and intervene with students at high risk of suicide.Methods The Delphi method was used to elicit a consensus of experts who were invited to evaluate the importance of training content,the feasibility of the training delivery method,the possibility of achieving the training goals and,finally,the appropriateness of the training materials.Two Delphi rounds were conducted among local experts with diversified professional backgrounds in suicide research and practice.Statements were accepted for inclusion in the adjusted training programme if they were endorsed by at least 80%of the panel.Results Consensus was achieved on 201 out of 207 statements for inclusion into the adapted guidelines for the gatekeeper programme,with 151 from the original questionnaire and 50 generated from comments of the panel members.These endorsed statements were synthesised to develop the content of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.Conclusions This Delphi study provided an evidence base for developing the first gatekeeper training programme systematically and locally in China.We hope that the current study can pave the way for more evidence-based suicide prevention programmes in China.Further study is warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.
基金supported by grants from the China Society for Drug Regulation(Grant No.2023-Y-Y-002)。
文摘The urgent need for effective cancer treatments,particularly for advanced and relapsed cases in which standard therapies are inadequate,has spurred the development of innovative therapeutic drugs1,2.Among the strategies to expedite drug development,the use of single-arm trials(SATs)is emerging as a promising avenue with substantial potential to shorten drug approval timelines and accelerate market entry.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Devel-opment Program of China(2021YFC2300202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1902210,81871641,81972979,82172266,82241071,and 81902048)+1 种基金the Support Project of High-level Teachers in Beijing Municipal Universities in the Period of 13th Five-year Plan(IDHT20190510)the Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging In-fectious Diseases(DTKF202103).
文摘Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has allowed for the profiling of host and virus transcripts and host-virus interactions at single-cell resolution.This review summarizes the existing scRNA-seq technologies together with their strengths and weaknesses.The applications of scRNA-seq in various virological studies are discussed in depth,which broaden the understanding of the immune atlas,host-virus interactions,and immune repertoire.scRNA-seq can be widely used for virology in the near future to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms and discover more effective therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81372935,81271839,81401676 and 81301435)
文摘Dengue virus(DENV) has four distinct serotypes. DENV infection can result in classic dengue fever and life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. In recent decades, DENV infection has become an important public health concern in epidemic-prone areas. Vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent and control viral infections. However, several challenges impede the development of effective DENV vaccines, such as the lack of suitable animal models and the antibody-dependent enhancement phenomenon. Although no licensed DENV vaccine is available, significant progress has been made. This review summarizes candidate DENV vaccines from recent investigations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 81772172,U1902210,81972979 and 81902048
文摘After dengue virus(DENV)infection,antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)is easy to occur when the neutralizing antibody(NAb)gradually decreases to a sub-neutralizing concentration.In this cohort surveillance,we utilized sera samples collected from dengue fever patients at different convalescent phases in Jinghong City,to investigate the dynamic change rule of DENV-specific antibodies,and to analyze the risk of ADE caused by secondary infection with heterologous serotypes DENVs.For baseline serosurvey,191 four-year and 99 six-year sera samples during convalescence were collected in 2017 and 2019,respectively.The positive rate of DENVspecific immunoglobulin G was 98.4%in 2017,which significantly decreased to 82.8%in 2019.The geometric mean titer(GMT)of NAb decreased from 1:155.35 to 1:46.66.Among 290 overall samples,73 paired consecutive samples were used for follow-up serosurvey.In four-year sera,the GMTs of NAb against DENV-3 and cross-reactive antibodies against DENV-1,DENV-2 and DENV-4 were 1:167.70,1:13.80,1:18.54 and 1:45.26,respectively,which decreased to 1:53.18,1:10.30,1:14.60 and 1:8.17 in six-year sera.In age-stratified analysis,due to the increasing number of ADE positive samples from 2017 to 2019 in 31–40 and 51–60 years groups,the risk of ADE in DENV-4 infection was positively associated with the extension of convalescent phase,and the odd ratio was higher than other groups.With the recovery period lengthened,the risk of secondary infection with DENV-1 and DENV-2 was reduced.Our results offer essential experimental data for risk prediction of severe dengue in hyper-endemic dengue areas,and provide crucial scientific insight for the development of effective dengue vaccines.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2021YFC2300202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1902210,81871641,81972979,82172266,81902048)+1 种基金the Support Project of High-level Teachers in Beijing Municipal Universities in the Period of 13th Five-year Plan(IDHT20190510)the Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases(NO.DTKF202103).
文摘Zika virus(ZIKV)poses a serious threat to global public health due to its close relationship with neurological and male reproductive damage.However,deficiency of human testicular samples hinders the in-depth research on ZIKV-induced male reproductive system injury.Organoids are relatively simple in vitro models,which could mimic the pathological changes of corresponding organs.In this study,we constructed a 3D testicular organoid model using primary testicular cells from adult BALB/c mice.Similar to the testis,this organoid system has a blood-testis barrier(BTB)-like structure and could synthesize testosterone.ZIKV tropism of testicular cells and ZIKV-induced pathological changes in testicular organoid was also similar to that in mammalian testis.Therefore,our results provide a simple and reproducible in vitro testicular model for the investigations of ZIKV-induced testicular injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42175135)the Science and Technology Commission of the Shanghai Municipality(No.20ZR1447800).
文摘Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(MAHs)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are both well known as hazardous air pollutants and also important anthropogenic precursors of tropospheric ozone(O3)and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,there have been intensive studies covering MAHs emission from various sources and their behavior under stimulated photochemical conditions.Yet in-situ measurements of PAHs presence and variations in ambient air are sparse.Herein we conducted large geometrical scale mobile measurements for 16 aromatic hydrocarbons(AHs,including 7 MAHs and 9 PAHs)in eastern China between October 27 and November 8,2019.This unique dataset has allowed for some insights in terms of AHs concentration variations,accompanying chemical composition,source contributions and spatial distributions in eastern China.In general,AHs showed a clear concentration variability between the south and the north of the Yangtze River Delta(YRD).The concentrations of PAHs were approximately 9%of AHs,but contributed 23%of SOA formation potential.Source apportionment via positive matrix factorization(PMF)model revealed that industrial processes as the largest source(44%)of observed AHs,followed by solvent usage(21%),vehicle exhaust(19%),coal combustion(11%)and coking processes(6%).In the perspective of PAHs sources,coal combustion emissions were identified as the dominating factor of a share of 41%–52%in eastern China.Our findings complemented the simultaneously monitoring information of PAHs and MAHs in eastern China,revealed the importance of PAHs to SOA formation and highlighted the necessity of formulating strategies to reduce emissions from anthropogenic sources and reduce risks to human health.
基金supported by the Collaborative Research Fund of Chinese Institute for Brain Research,Beijing(No.2020-NKX-XM-02)the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2022-1-8011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81790654,81790650,82241071).
文摘Viral encephalitis continues to be a significant public health concern.In our previous study,we discovered a lower expression of antiviral factors,such as IFN-β,STING and IFI16,in the brain tissues of patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis(RE),a rare chronic neurological disorder often occurred in children,characterized by unihemispheric brain atrophy.Furthermore,a higher cumulative viral score of human herpes viruses(HHVs)was also found to have a significant positive correlation with the unihemispheric atrophy in RE.Type I IFNs(IFN-I)signaling is essential for innate anti-infection response by binding to IFN-α/βreceptor(IFNAR).In this study,we infected WT mice and IFNAR-deficient A6 mice with herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1)via periocular injection to investigate the relationship between IFN-I signaling and HHVs-induced brain lesions.While all mice exhibited typical viral encephalitis lesions in their brains,HSV-induced epilepsy was only observed in A6 mice.The gene expression matrix,functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network revealed four gene models that were positively related with HSV-induced epilepsy.Additionally,ten key genes with the highest scores were identified.Taken together,these findings indicate that intact IFN-I signaling can effectively limit HHVs induced neural symptoms and brain lesions,thereby confirming the positive correlation between IFN-I signaling repression and brain atrophy in RE and other HHVs encephalitis.
基金supported by the following funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81571275)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (7144217)+5 种基金the Capital Applied Clinic Research Programs of Science and Technology (Z131107002213171)the Beijing Rising-star Plan of Science and Technology (Z141107001814042)the Open Research Fund of the Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research (No. 2014DXBL02)Capital Medical University (15JL08)Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (KM201610025001)Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (2014 1685)
文摘Rasmussen's encephalitis(RE) is a rare and severe progressive epileptic syndrome with unknown etiology. Infection by viruses, including human cytomegalovirus(HCMV), has been speculated to be a potential trigger for RE. However, no viral antigens have been detected in the brains of patients with RE; thus, a possible clinical linkage between viral infections and RE has not been firmly established. In this study, we evaluated the expression of HCMV pp65 antigen in brain sections from 26 patients with RE and 20 non-RE patients by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and assessed the associations between HCMV infection and clinical parameters.Elevated expression of HCMV pp65 protein and DNA was observed in 88.5%(23/26) and 69.2%(18/26) of RE cases, respectively. In the non-RE group, HCMV pp65 antigen was detected only in two cases(10%), both of which were negative for DNA staining. Additionally, the intensity of HCMV pp65 staining was correlated with a shorter duration of the prodromal stage, younger age of seizure onset, and more severe unilateral cortical atrophy. Elevated expression of HCMV pp65 was observed in RE brain tissue and was correlated with the clinical features of RE disease. In summary, our results suggested that HCMV infection may be involved in the occurrence and progression of RE disease. Thus, further studies are needed to determine whether early treatment with anti-HCMV antibodies could modulate the course of RE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(81471957,81271839,81372935,81301435,and 81401676)
文摘An emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus named Zika virus(ZIKV), of the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus, is becoming a global health threat. ZIKV infection was long neglected due to its sporadic nature and mild symptoms. However, recently, with its rapid spread from Asia to the Americas, affecting more than 30 countries, accumulating evidences have demonstrated a close association between infant microcephaly and Zika infection in pregnant women. Here, we reviewed the virological, epidemiological, and clinical essentials of ZIKV infection.