Heterostructured Pt-Ni_(3)Mo_(3)N formed via ammonia-containing polyoxometalates for highly efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in acid medium

Constructing heterostructured nanohybrid is considered as a prominent route to fabricate alternative electrocatalysts to commercial Pt/C for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this work,(NH_(4))_(4)[NiH_(6)Mo_(6)O_(4)]·5H_(2)O polyoxometalates(NiMo_(6))are adopted as the cluster precursors for simple fabrication of heterostructured Pt-Ni_(3)Mo_(3)N nanohybrids supported by carbon black(Pt-Ni_(3)Mo_(3)N/C)without using additional N sources.The improved porosity and enhanced electronic interaction of Pt-Ni_(3)Mo_(3)N/C should be attributed to the integration of Pt with NiMo_(6),which favors the mass transport,promotes the formation of exposed catalytic sites,and benefits the regulation of intrinsic activity.Thus,the as-obtained Pt-Ni_(3)Mo_(3)N/C exhibits impressive and durable HER performance as indicated by the low overpotential of 13.7 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) and the stable overpotential during continuous working at 100 mA cm^(-2) for 100 h.This work provides significant insights for the synthesis of new highly active heterostructured electrocatalysts for renewable energy devices.

Repressing iron overload ameliorates central poststroke pain via the Hdac2-Kv1.2 axis in a rat model of hemorrhagic stroke

Thalamic hemorrhage can lead to the development of central post-stroke pain.Changes in histone acetylation levels,which are regulated by histone deacetylases,affect the excitability of neurons surrounding the hemorrhagic area.However,the regulato ry mechanism of histone deacetylases in central post-stroke pain remains unclea r.Here,we show that iron overload leads to an increase in histone deacetylase 2expression in damaged ventral posterolateral nucleus neurons.Inhibiting this increase restored histone H3 acetylation in the Kcna2 promoter region of the voltage-dependent potassium(Kv)channel subunit gene in a rat model of central post-stroke pain,thereby increasing Kcna2expression and relieving central pain.However,in the absence of nerve injury,increasing histone deacetylase 2 expression decreased Kcna2expression,decreased Kv current,increased the excitability of neurons in the ventral posterolateral nucleus area,and led to neuropathic pain symptoms.Moreover,treatment with the iron chelator deferiprone effectively reduced iron overload in the ventral posterolateral nucleus after intracerebral hemorrhage,reversed histone deacetylase 2 upregulation and Kv1.2 downregulation,and alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity in central post-stroke pain rats.These results suggest that histone deacetylase 2 upregulation and Kv1.2 downregulation,mediated by iron overload,are important factors in central post-stroke pain pathogenesis and co uld se rve as new to rgets for central poststroke pain treatment.

Targeting synaptic pathology in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory and cognitive impairments.The two primary pathological hallmarks of AD include the accumulation ofβ-amyloid(Aβ)plaques and formation of neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs)composed predominantly of hyperphosphorylated tau protein(Zhang et al.,2023).Moreover,synaptic dysfunction is considered another crucial factor in AD pathogenesis and is closely associated with cognitive decline.Notably,synaptic damage,loss,and dysfunction manifest earlier than the pathological features of Aβplaques and NFTs(Knopman et al.,2021).Therefore,understanding the mechanisms underlying synaptic dysfunction in AD is vital for providing insights into disease mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Remazolam combined with transversus abdominis plane block in gastrointestinal tumor surgery:Have we achieved better anesthetic effects?

Laparoscopic surgery is the main treatment method for patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors.Although laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive,its tool stimulation and pneumoperitoneum pressure often cause strong stress reactions in patients.On the other hand,gastrointestinal surgery can cause stronger pain in patients,compared to other surgeries.Transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)can effectively inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses caused by surgical stimulation,alleviate patient pain,and thus alleviate stress reactions.Remazolam is an acting,safe,and effective sedative,which has little effect on hemodynamics and is suitable for most patients.TAPB combined with remazolam can reduce the dosage of total anesthetic drugs,reduce adverse reactions,reduce stress reactions,and facilitate the rapid postoperative recovery of patients.

Effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing on improving clinical outcomes in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Surgical resection is the cornerstone treatment for colorectal cancer.Rapid rehabilitation care predicated on evidence-based medical theory aims to improve postoperative nursing care,subsequently reducing the physical and mental traumatic stress response and helping patients who undergo surgery recover rapidly.AIM To assess the effect of rapid rehabilitation care on clinical outcomes,including overall postoperative complications,anastomotic leaks,wound infections,and intestinal obstruction in patients with colorectal cancer.METHODS We searched the PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Elsevier Science Direct,and Springer Link databases from January 1,2010,to January 1,2024,to screen eligible studies on rapid rehabilitation care among patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery.Patients were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RevMan 5.4 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.RESULTS Twelve studies were enrolled,which included 2420 patients.The results showed that rapid rehabilitation care decreased the incidence of overall postoperative complications(OR:0.44,95%CI:0.26–0.74,P=0.002),anastomotic leaks(OR:0.68,95%CI:0.41–1.12,P=0.13),wound infections(OR:0.45,95%CI:0.29–0.72,P=0.0007),and intestinal obstruction(OR:0.54,95%CI:0.34–0.86,P=0.01)compared to conventional care.Further trials and studies are needed to confirm these results.CONCLUSION Rapid rehabilitation care decreased the occurrence of postoperative complications,anastomotic leaks,wound infections,and intestinal obstruction compared to conventional care in patients who underwent colorectal surgery.Therefore,promoting the application of rapid rehabilitation care in clinical practice cannot be overemphasized.

Reform and Development of English Teaching in Colleges and Universities with the Integration of ChatGPT Technology

As an artificial intelligence-powered language generation model based on natural language processing,ChatGPT,like other artificial intelligence technologies,possesses super real-time dialogue capabilities and is considered an innovative and intelligent auxiliary teaching tool in the field of language learning.This article first analyzes the current state of development of artificial intelligence technologies such as ChatGPT.Secondly,it examines the challenges encountered in the reform and development of English teaching in colleges and universities in China.Lastly,it summarizes the applications and recommendations for using ChatGPT technology in college-level English teaching.

Research Progress on the Preparation of Inorganic/Natural Materials Composite Microspheres

Microspheres are a new type of drug carrier with great potential for development and application.Natural polymers have good biocompatibility,biodegradability,and are easily dispersed in living organisms,making them suitable for preparing microspheres.Inorganic materials(mainly inorganic minerals)have excellent mechanical properties and are inexpensive and easy to obtain.Through the coupling and hybridization of natural polymers and inorganic materials,they can complement each other's advantages and synergistically enhance efficiency,resulting in many excellent physical and chemical properties.Inorganic materials/natural polymer composite microspheres can be prepared by modifying natural polymers with inorganic materials through various methods such as emulsification crosslinking,solution mixing,in-situ synthesis,extrusion,etc.The application of inorganic materials/natural polymer composite microspheres in drug delivery systems has significant sustained-release effects,is safe and non-toxic,and the cost of carrier materials is relatively low,which has certain significance for the development of new drug carriers.This article reviews the recent research on the preparation,drug loading and release properties of inorganic material/natural polymer composite microspheres,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used preparation methods,and looks forward to the development direction of composite microspheres.

An unequal fracturing stage spacing optimization model for hydraulic fracturing that considers cementing interface integrity

Determining reasonable fracturing stage spacing is the key to horizontal well fracturing.Different from traditional stage spacing optimization methods based on the principle of maximum stimulated reservoir volume,in this paper,by considering the integrity of the wellbore interface,a fracture propagation model was established based on displacement discontinuity method and the competition mechanism of multifracture joint expansion,leading to the proposal of an unequal stage spacing optimization model.The results show that in the first stage,the interfacial fractures spread symmetrically along the axis of the central point during that stage,while in the second and subsequent stages,the interfacial fractures of each cluster extend asymmetrically along the left and right sides.There are two kinds of interface connectivity behaviour:in one,the existing fractures first extend and connect within the stage,and in the other,the fractures first extend in the direction close to the previous stage,with the specific behaviour depending on the combined effect of stress shadow and flow competition during hydraulic fracture expansion.The stage spacing is positively correlated with the number of fractures and Young’s modulus of the cement and formation and is negatively correlated with the cluster spacing and horizontal principal stress difference.The sensitivity is the strongest when the Young’s modulus of the cement sheath is 10-20 GPa,and the sensitivity of the horizontal principal stress difference is the weakest.

Computational uncertainty and optimal grid size and time step of the Lax-Friedrichs scheme for the 1D advection equation

本文对于应用Lax-Friedrichs格式数值求解一维平流方程,研究数值求解过程中产生的截断误差与舍入误差,以及两种误差逐层向高时间层传播的累积,得到新的数值解总误差上界的理论近似公式,以及最优格距和最优时间步长的理论公式.通过数值算例验证了所得公式的可靠性。然后,发现了两种不同机器精度下最优时间步长之比满足的一个仅与机器精度有关的普适关系.最后,理论验证了在网格比固定的情况下,此问题满足数值计算的不确定性原理,以及在机器有限精度下最优时间步长的必然存在。

Generation of chimeric monkeys using embryonic stem cells

Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)represent a subtype of pluripotent stem cells(PSCs)derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts.These cells exhibit three principal features:the capacity for unlimited self-replication,the ability to differentiate into diverse somatic cell types in vitro,and the potential to contribute to chimera animals in vivo upon reintroduction into the host blastocyst.Thus,ESCs are widely used in basic and biomedical research,as well as in applications such as cell replacement therapy and the creation of genetically modified animal models.

Accuracy improvement for classifying retinal OCT images by diseases using deep learning-based selective denoising approach

In ophthalmology,retinal optical coherence tomography(OCT)images with noticeable structural features help identify human eyes as healthy or diseased.The recently hot arti ficial intelligence(AI)realized this recognition process automatically.However,speckle noise in the original retinal OCT image reduces the accuracy of disease classi fication.This study presents a timesaving approach based on deep learning to improve classi fication accuracy by removing the noise from the original dataset.Firstly,four pre-trained convolutional neural networks(CNNs)from the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge(ILSVRC)were trained to classify the original images into two categories:The noise reduction required(NRR)and the noise-free(NF)images.Among the CNNs,VGG19 BN performed best with 98%accuracy and 99%recall.Then,we used the block-matching and 3D filtering(BM3D)algorithm to denoise the NRR images.Those noise-removed NRR and the NF images form the processed dataset.The quality of images in the dataset is prominently ameliorated after denoising,which is valid to improve the models'performance.The original and processed datasets were tested on the four pre-trained CNNs to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.We have compared the CNNs,and the results show the performance of the CNNs trained with the processed dataset is improved by an average of 2.04%,5.19%,and 5.10%under overall accuracy(OA),Macro F1-score,and Micro F1-score,respectively.Especially for DenseNet161,the OA is improved to 98.14%.Our proposed method demonstrates its effectiveness in improving classi fication accuracy and opens a new solution to reduce denoising time-consuming for large datasets.

Static Load Test Detection of Continuous Rigid- Frame Railway Bridge

The quality of the continuous rigid-frame railway bridge is related to the safety of train operation,so it is necessary to test its stiffness,strength,and other indicators.Static load test is a common technique for bridge inspection.This article summarizes the purpose of the static load test for a continuous rigid-frame railway bridge,including the required equipment,operation methods,etc.,and lists examples to analyze the operation process and precautions of static load test,hoping to provide reference information for relevant personnel.

Research on Highway Bridge Inspection

Highway bridges are important transportation infrastructures in our country,and their quality is related to the people's lives.Highway bridge inspection,identification and test are measures to evaluate the quality of highway bridges.Through the comprehensive application of various technologies,quality problems of highway bridges can be found early,thereby ensuring traffic safety.This paper first summarizes the role and the types of highway bridge inspection and test.Then the problems and solutions in highway bridge inspection and test are analyzed and studied,and some examples are given,in hopes of providing reference for future testing.

农业模型发展分析及应用案例

农业模型、农业人工智能及数据分析等技术贯穿于智慧农业的信息感知、信息传输、信息处理与控制全过程,是智慧农业的核心技术。为进一步明晰农业模型的内涵和作用,促进农业模型进一步研究及应用,推动智慧农业健康、稳定和可持续发展,本研究采用系统分析、比较及关系框图等方法,分析了农业模型的内涵,阐述了农业模型和智慧农业要素与过程的关系,明确了农业模型的作用并附以应用案例,比较了农业模型的国内外重要发展动态与趋势。国内外农业模型研究与应用重要进展比较表明,农业模型研究应用需要考虑农业生物要素的4个水平、农业环境要素的6个尺度、农业技术与农业经济要素的6个层次并采用相应方法进行,农业模型环境要素空间多尺度研究应用有较大发展潜力;农业模型与分子遗传学、感知技术及人工智能技术结合,农业模型研究应用的公私有组织协作,粮食安全挑战将成为农业模型进一步发展的重要推动力,且需更注重将各种农业系统模拟、数据库、和谐性与开放数据及决策支持系统相连接。中国农业模型研究与应用已形成具有中国特色的作物模型系列,也融入农业模型的互比较与改进、智慧农业等世界潮流,需要抢抓机遇,加快发展。农业模型是农业系统要素内及要素间关系的定量化表达,是农业科学定量与综合的重要方法,具有认识论价值,它与感知技术的结合可以在智慧农业数据获取与处理中发挥不可或缺的作用,成为信息农业技术落地应用的重要桥梁和纽带。

住房价格对城镇家庭消费的影响——来自多期微观面板数据的证据

本文使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010年、2012年、2014年和2016年四期的微观面板数据,运用固定效应模型,研究我国城镇家庭的住房价格对消费的影响,并在此基础上创新性地使用事后分家行为作为事前有无购房意愿的衡量指标,研究家庭的购房意愿差异所产生的房价对消费的异质性影响。结果显示,总体上房价上涨对消费无明显影响;但购房意愿强烈(即将因婚嫁分家)的家庭则会随着房价上涨而显著减少消费。本文使用多期微观面板数据,弥补了已有文献数据的不足。

中国农村家庭消费方程估计与预测

中国农村家庭消费问题的研究,对于实现"增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用"的目标,理解城镇化对我国消费的影响,以及提高农村家庭生活水平,实现"乡村振兴战略",有着非常重要的意义。本文利用农村固定观测点数据,通过将横截面数据和时间序列数据相结合,使用非线性3阶段最小二乘法(NL3SLS)对我国农村家庭的消费结构进行了估计和分析,并且对未来的消费进行了预测。研究结果发现:(1)食品和居住的收入弹性较低,服务的收入弹性较高,而消费品的收入弹性接近1;(2)自价格弹性中,食品最低,居住最高,而服务相比消费品更低;(3)四类商品两两之间都存在相互替代性,但消费品和居住之间的替代性相对更强;(4)人口结构的变化对农村家庭消费结构的影响不大,随着生活水平的提高,食品、居住的消费占比不断下降,服务的消费占比大幅提高,而消费品消费占比的提高则不太明显。因此,为了促进农村家庭的消费,政府不仅要大力发展农村的服务业,也要适当对农村的消费品进行价格补贴。

From Usability to Pleasure: A Case Study of Difference in Users’ Preference

For past decades, research of designing “pleasure” into products in the academic community has produced a multitude of evaluation models and frameworks. These models address the critical issues of pleasurable product design leading to emotional design. This study is intended to explore the change from the need of “usability” for the product design to the need of “pleasure” for the user experience. The questionnaires were used to obtain data from 343 subjects. The four keyboard designs were adopted in the experiment to study the difference and the change from “usability” to “pleasure” of users” preference. The results show that the need for pleasure is higher than usability, as well as attractive things also transmit the feel of work better. Besides, preference is related to gender, age, major, and educational background. Results presented herein provide designers with a valuable reference for examining the way how to design “pleasure” into product and the interactive experience of users in the design process.

Immunotherapy with dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells for hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) has been revealed as the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The introduction of cell-based immunotherapy, including dendritic cells(DCs) and cytokine-induced killer cells(CIKs), has brought HCC patients an effective benefit. However, the efficacy and necessity of cellular immunotherapy after different interventional therapy remains to be further explored.AIM To investigate the efficacy of cellular immunotherapy, involving DCs and CIKs,combined with different conventional treatments of HCC.METHODS We performed a literature search on PubMed and Web of Science up to February15, 2019. Long-term efficacy(overall survival and recurrence) and short-term adverse effects were investigated to assess the effectiveness of immunotherapy with DCs and/or CIKs. Review Manager 5.3 was used to perform the analysis.RESULTS A total of 22 studies involving 3756 patients selected by eligibility inclusion criteria were forwarded for meta-analysis. Combined with the conventional clinical treatment, immunotherapy with DCs and/or CIKs was demonstrated to significantly improve overall survival at 6 mo [risk ratio(RR) = 1.07;95%confidence interval(CI): 1.01-1.13, P = 0.02], 1 year(RR = 1.12;95%CI: 1.07-1.17, P< 0.00001), 3 years(RR = 1.23;95%CI: 1.15-1.31, P < 0.00001) and 5 years(RR =1.26;95%CI: 1.15-1.37, P < 0.00001). Recurrence rate was significantly reduced by cellular immunotherapy at 6 mo(RR = 0.50;95%CI: 0.36-0.69, P < 0.0001) and 1 year(RR = 0.82;95%CI: 0.75-0.89, P < 0.00001). Adverse effect assessment addressed that immunotherapy with DCs and/or CIKs was accepted as a safe,feasible treatment.CONCLUSION Combination immunotherapy with DCs, CIKs and DC/CIK with various routine treatments for HCC was evidently suggested to improve patients’ prognosis by increasing overall survival and reducing cancer recurrence.

The effects of emotional labor and competency on job satisfaction in nurses of China: A nationwide cross-sectional survey

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the status of job satisfaction,emotional labour,core competencies and job stress and the associations of emotional labour and core competencies with the job satisfaction of nurses in China.Methods:Data were collected by using a self-designed general information questionnaire,a job satisfaction questionnaire(McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale),a nurse emotional labour questionnaire,the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses questionnaire,and a nurse job stressor questionnaire.A total of 13,448 nurses from 92 hospitals across mainland of China were surveyed,and 11,337 respondents(84.3%response rate)completed the questionnaires.Results:The survey results indicated that Chinese nurses had average job satisfaction(24.77±5.23),moderate job stress(86.84±21.12),moderate to high emotional labour experiences(55.08±9.63)and high competency(195.77±37.61).Multiple linear regression indicated that surface acting was negatively correlated with job satisfaction(P<0.01),while deep acting(P<0.01)and nurses'core competence(P<0.01)were positively associated with job satisfaction.Besides,The results also indicated job stress,geographical distribution,hospital category,gender,work shift,only children,parenting status,monthly salary,nursing experience,professional title,hospital area were the influencing factors of job satisfaction(P<0.05).Conclusion:The improvement of the emotional labour and competency of nurses may help enhance their job satisfaction.

Enhanced atmospheric phosphorus deposition in Asia and Europe in the past two decades

There is increasing interest in understanding atmospheric phosphorus(P)deposition and its impacts on plant pro-ductivity and carbon sinks in ecosystems.However,the global pattern of P deposition remains poorly understood,primarily due to the sparseness of data in Asia.In this study,the authors compiled 396 published observations of atmospheric P deposition from 1959 to 2020 on the global scale.The results gave a geometric mean bulk P deposition value of 0.32 kg ha−1 yr−1,or a global P budget of 4.4 Tg yr−1.Compared with the period 1959-2000,the authors found an elevated P deposition in Europe and Asia during 2001-2020,likely due to the increas-ing agricultural emissions and fossil fuel combustion-related sources in addition to dust emissions.The findings highlight the need to quantify the impacts of elevated P deposition from anthropogenic emissions on long-term ecosystem development in the context of carbon neutrality and clean-air actions.