Wearable and portable mobile phones play a critical role in the market, and one of the key technologies is the flexible electrode with high specific capacity and excellent mechanical flexibility. Herein, a wire-in-wir...Wearable and portable mobile phones play a critical role in the market, and one of the key technologies is the flexible electrode with high specific capacity and excellent mechanical flexibility. Herein, a wire-in-wire TiO_(2)/C nanofibers (TiO_(2) ww/CN) film is synthesized via electrospinning with selenium as a structural inducer. The interconnected carbon network and unique wire- in-wire nanostructure cannot only improve electronic conductivity and induce effective charge transports, but also bring a superior mechanic flexibility. Ulti-mately, TiO_(2) ww/CN film shows outstanding electrochemical performance as free-standing electrodes in Li/K ion batteries. It shows a discharge capacity as high as 303 mAh g^(−1) at 5 A g^(−1) after 6000 cycles in Li half-cells, and the unique structure is well-reserved after long-term cycling. Moreover, even TiO_(2) has a large diffusion barrier of K^(+), TiO_(2) ww/CN film demonstrates excellent perfor-mance (259 mAh g^(−1) at 0.05 A g^(−1) after 1000 cycles) in K half-cells owing to extraordinary pseudocapacitive contribution. The Li/K full cells consisted of TiO_(2) ww/CN film anode and LiFePO_(4)/Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride cathode possess outstanding cycling stability and demonstrate practical application from lighting at least 19 LEDs. It is, therefore, expected that this material will find broad applications in portable and wearable Li/K-ion batteries.展开更多
Cold injury refers to local or systemic injury caused by a rapid, massive loss of body heat in a cold environment. The incidence of cold injury is high. However, the current situation regarding the diagnosis and treat...Cold injury refers to local or systemic injury caused by a rapid, massive loss of body heat in a cold environment. The incidence of cold injury is high. However, the current situation regarding the diagnosis and treatment of cold injury in our country is not ideal. To standardize and improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of cold injury in China, it is necessary to make a consensus that is practical and adapted to the conditions in China. We used the latest population-level epidemiological and clinical research data, combined with relevant literature from China and foreign countries. The consensus was developed by a joint committee of multidisciplinary experts. This expert consensus addresses the epidemiology, diagnosis, on-site emergency procedures, in-hospital treatment, and prevention of cold injury.展开更多
Objective:To study the effects of methylprednisolone combined with montelukast on immune function and cytokines in children with recurrent Henoch-Schonlein purpura.Methods:Children who were diagnosed with recurrent He...Objective:To study the effects of methylprednisolone combined with montelukast on immune function and cytokines in children with recurrent Henoch-Schonlein purpura.Methods:Children who were diagnosed with recurrent Henoch-Schonlein purpura in Zigong Third People's Hospital between September 2015 and August 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the intervention group who received methylprednisolone combined with montelukast therapy and the control group who received hydrocortisone therapy. The levels of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg immunity indexes in peripheral blood as well as cytokines in serum were measured before treatment as well as 4 and 8 weeks after treatment.Results: 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment, Th1 and Treg cell contents as well as T-bet and FoxP3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood of both groups of patients were significantly higher than those before treatment whereas Th2 and Th17 cell contents as well as GATA-3 and RORγt mRNA expression in peripheral blood and NF-κB, OPN, IL-33, MK and HMGB1 contents in serum were significantly lower than those before treatment, and Th1 and Treg cell contents as well as T-bet and FoxP3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood of intervention group were significantly higher than those of control group whereas Th2 and Th17 cell contents as well as GATA-3 and RORγt mRNA expression in peripheral blood and NF-κB, OPN, IL-33, MK and HMGB1 contents in serum were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusion: methylprednisolone combined with montelukast treatment of recurrent Henoch-Schonlein purpura can regulate the immune function and inhibit the cytokine secretion.展开更多
Phospholipase C zeta(PLC)is a key sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor that triggers Ca^(2+)oscillations and the subsequent block to polyspermy following gamete fusion.Mutations in PLCZ1,the gene encoding PLCζ,cause ...Phospholipase C zeta(PLC)is a key sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor that triggers Ca^(2+)oscillations and the subsequent block to polyspermy following gamete fusion.Mutations in PLCZ1,the gene encoding PLCζ,cause male infertility and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)fertilization failure;and PLCζ expression and localization patterns are significantly correlated with ICSI fertilization rate(FR).However,in conventional in vitro fertilization(cIVF),whether and how sperm PLCζ affects fertilization remain unclear.Herein,we identified one previously reported and two novel PLCZ1 mutations associated with polyspermy in vitro that are characterized by excessive sperm-zona binding and a delay in pronuclei(PN)formation.Immunofluorescence staining and oocyte activation testing revealed that virtually all spermatozoa from patients lacked functional PLCζ and were thus unable to evoke Ca^(2+) oscillations.ICSI with an artificial oocyte activation treatment successfully rescued the polyspermic phenotype and resulted in a live birth.Furthermore,we analyzed PLCζ in an additional 58 males after cIVF treatment in the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CiTiC-Xiangya(Changsha,China)between February 2019 and January 2022.We found that the proportion of spermatozoa that expressed PLCζ was positively correlated with both 2PN rate and total FR.The optimal cutoff value below which males were likely to experience low FR(total FR≤30%)after clVF was 56.7%for the proportion of spermatozoa expressing PLC5.Our study expands the mutation and the phenotypic spectrum of PLCZ1 and further suggests that PLCζ constitutes a promising biomarker for identifying low FRs cases in cIVF due to sperm-related oocyte activation deficiency and that sperm PLCζ analysis may benefit the widermale population and not onlymen with IcsI failure.展开更多
Zinc-based flow battery is an energy storage technology with good application prospects because of its advantages of abundant raw materials,low cost,and environmental friendliness.The chemical stability of zinc electr...Zinc-based flow battery is an energy storage technology with good application prospects because of its advantages of abundant raw materials,low cost,and environmental friendliness.The chemical stability of zinc electrodes exposed to electrolyte is a very important issue for zinc-based batteries.This paper reports on details of chemical stability of the zinc metal exposed to a series of solutions,as well as the relationship between the morphological evolution of zinc electrodes and their properties in an alkaline medium.Chemical corrosion of zinc electrodes by the electrolyte will change their surface morphology.However,we observed that chemical corrosion is not the main contributor to the evolution of zinc electrode surface morphology,but the main contributor is the Zn/Zn^(2+)electrode process.The morphological evolution of zinc electrodes was controlled by using ionic liquids,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate(EMIA),and 1-propylsulfonic-3-methylimidazolium tosylate(PSMIT),and the electrode performance was recorded during the morphological evolution process.It was observed that the reversible change of zinc electrode morphology was accompanied by better electrode performance.展开更多
Competition is the catalyst of corporate innovation,which is the foundation of a country's core competitiveness.From the view of vertical industrial chain,this paper examines how downstream competition affects ups...Competition is the catalyst of corporate innovation,which is the foundation of a country's core competitiveness.From the view of vertical industrial chain,this paper examines how downstream competition affects upstream firms'innovation output.Given innovation helps reduce the production cost of each product,increasing demand of intermediate products caused by downstream competition enhances the marginal revenue of upstream firms'innovation,thus leading to an innovation incentive effect.To identify causality,we utilize China's WTO accession,a quasinatural experiment,to calculate downstream competition combined with import tariff reduction and input-output table,and then run a difference-in-difference regression.Using the data of Annual Survey of Industrial Firms and State Intellectual Property Office,our results find that downstream competition has a significantly positive impact on upstream firms'innovation,and this effect is more pronounced in firms with less industry competition,greater initial innovation capacity and weaker financial constraints.Moreover,the number of firms,the degree of industry competition and the scale of intermediate products in the downstream sector increase,confirming the market size channel.In sum,our findings document that downstream competition can motivate upstream firms to innovate through vertical industrial chain,providing some useful insights for China to build a fair market competition environment and promote innovation-driven growth regime.展开更多
Na superionic conductor(NASICON)-type La_(0.33)Ti_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(LaTP) is firstly proposed as sodium/potassium storage materials.The density functional theory(DFT) calculations show that LaTP has good electronic char...Na superionic conductor(NASICON)-type La_(0.33)Ti_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(LaTP) is firstly proposed as sodium/potassium storage materials.The density functional theory(DFT) calculations show that LaTP has good electronic character and low Na^(+)/K^(+)migration barriers.The flexible La_(0.33)Ti_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/C nanofiber film is synthesized via electrostatic spinning and investigated as free-standing electrode applied to sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) and potassiumion batteries(PIBs) in this work.The low band gap and Na^(+)/K^(+) migration barriers of LaTP,unique morphology,and complete conductive carbon net allow the La_(0.33)Ti_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/C nanofibers film to deliver high capacity(296.3 mAh·g^(-1) for SIBs and 235.8 mAh·g^(-1) for PIBs),excellent rate performance(142.5 mAh·g^(-1) for SIBs and50.5 mAh·g^(-1) for PIBs at 1.00 A·g^(-1)),and superior cyclability above 1000 cycles.The full-cell tests show that the material has a good application prospect,indicating a promising flexible anode material for SIBs and PIBs.展开更多
The microstructure evolution and intergranular corrosion(IGC) behavior of high nitrogen martensitic stainless steels(MSSs) by partial replacing C by N were investigated by using microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitric a...The microstructure evolution and intergranular corrosion(IGC) behavior of high nitrogen martensitic stainless steels(MSSs) by partial replacing C by N were investigated by using microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitric acid tests and double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation(DL-EPR) tests. The results show that the partial replacement of C by N first reduces and then increases the size and content of precipitates in high nitrogen MSSs, and converts the dominant precipitates from M23C6 to M2N,furthermore first improves and then deteriorates the IGC resistance. The high nitrogen MSS containing medium C and N contents provides good combination of mechanical properties and IGC resistance.展开更多
During 2018–2019,a severe human adenovirus(HAdV)infection outbreak occurred in southern China.Here,we screened 18 respiratory pathogens in 1704 children(≤14 years old)hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in G...During 2018–2019,a severe human adenovirus(HAdV)infection outbreak occurred in southern China.Here,we screened 18 respiratory pathogens in 1704 children(≤14 years old)hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in Guangzhou,China,in 2019.In total,151 patients had positive HAdV test results;34.4%(52/151)of them exhibited severe illness.HAdV infection occurred throughout the year,with a peak in summer.The median patient age was 3.0(interquartile range:1.1–5.0)years.Patients with severe HAdV infection exhibited increases in12 clinical indexes(P≤0.019)and decreases in four indexes(P≤0.007),compared with patients exhibiting nonsevere infection.No significant differences were found in age or sex distribution according to HAdV infection severity(P>0.05);however,the distributions of comorbid disease and HAdV co-infection differed according to HAdV infection severity(P<0.05).The main epidemic types were HAdV-3(47.0%,71/151)and HAdV-7(46.4%,70/151).However,the severe illness rate was significantly higher in patients with HAdV-7(51.4%)than in patients with HAdV-3(19.7%)and other types of HAdV(20%)(P<0.001).Sequencing analysis of genomes/capsid genes of 13 HAdV-7 isolates revealed high similarity to previous Chinese isolates.A representative HAdV-7isolate exhibited a similar proliferation curve to the curve described for the epidemic HAdV-3 strain Guangzhou01(accession no.DQ099432)(P>0.05);the HAdV-7 isolate exhibited stronger virulence and infectivity,compared with HAdV-3(P<0.001).Overall,comorbid disease,HAdV co-infection,and high virulence and infectivity of HAdV-7 were critical risk factors for severe HAdV infection;these data can facilitate treatment,control,and prevention of HAdV infection.展开更多
The global market demand for natural astaxanthin is rapidly increasing owing to its safety,the potential health benefits,and the diverse applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.The major native producers of...The global market demand for natural astaxanthin is rapidly increasing owing to its safety,the potential health benefits,and the diverse applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.The major native producers of natural astaxanthin on industrial scale are the alga Haematococcus pluvialis and the yeast Xanthopyllomyces dendrorhous.However,the natural production via these native producers is facing challenges of limited yield and high cost of cultivation and extraction.Alternatively,astaxanthin production via metabolically engineered non-native microbial cell factories such as Escherichia coli,Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica is another promising strategy to overcome these limitations.In this review we summarize the recent scientific and biotechnological progresses on astaxanthin biosynthetic pathways,transcriptional regulations,the interrelation with lipid metabolism,engineering strategies as well as fermentation process control in major native and non-native astaxanthin producers.These progresses illuminate the prospects of producing astaxanthin by microbial cell factories on industrial scale.展开更多
Matrix adaptation reconstructs the architecture of cell,and has important implication in proper biological functioning.However,how the network of cytoskeleton filament undergoes reconstruction,reordering,and surface a...Matrix adaptation reconstructs the architecture of cell,and has important implication in proper biological functioning.However,how the network of cytoskeleton filament undergoes reconstruction,reordering,and surface adaptation,requires a systematic investigation.Here,we show that surface sensing and adaptation occur correspondingly with related reorganization of cytoskeleton filaments(actin,tubulin,and vimentin).The microstructure of filament network is built by adaptive change of chemical polymerization on cytoskeleton filaments.The transition of cellular morphology,from spheroidal architecture on nanoarray to extending structure with stress fibers on flat surface,involves spatial reorganization and polymerization modulation of filaments.The dimension of filaments(diameter,orientation,and density)are changed accordingly to spatiotemporal distribution of cytoskeleton network.In addition,our findings elucidate how cell can tune their architecture at nanoscale by matrix adaptation,and provide a novel information on interplay between cytoskeleton and pathophysiology.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51672234,52072325)the Key Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.20A486)+1 种基金Hunan 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Engineering and Technology with Environmental Benignity and Effective Resource Utilization,Program for Innovative Research Cultivation Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(1337304)the 111 Project(B12015).
文摘Wearable and portable mobile phones play a critical role in the market, and one of the key technologies is the flexible electrode with high specific capacity and excellent mechanical flexibility. Herein, a wire-in-wire TiO_(2)/C nanofibers (TiO_(2) ww/CN) film is synthesized via electrospinning with selenium as a structural inducer. The interconnected carbon network and unique wire- in-wire nanostructure cannot only improve electronic conductivity and induce effective charge transports, but also bring a superior mechanic flexibility. Ulti-mately, TiO_(2) ww/CN film shows outstanding electrochemical performance as free-standing electrodes in Li/K ion batteries. It shows a discharge capacity as high as 303 mAh g^(−1) at 5 A g^(−1) after 6000 cycles in Li half-cells, and the unique structure is well-reserved after long-term cycling. Moreover, even TiO_(2) has a large diffusion barrier of K^(+), TiO_(2) ww/CN film demonstrates excellent perfor-mance (259 mAh g^(−1) at 0.05 A g^(−1) after 1000 cycles) in K half-cells owing to extraordinary pseudocapacitive contribution. The Li/K full cells consisted of TiO_(2) ww/CN film anode and LiFePO_(4)/Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride cathode possess outstanding cycling stability and demonstrate practical application from lighting at least 19 LEDs. It is, therefore, expected that this material will find broad applications in portable and wearable Li/K-ion batteries.
文摘Cold injury refers to local or systemic injury caused by a rapid, massive loss of body heat in a cold environment. The incidence of cold injury is high. However, the current situation regarding the diagnosis and treatment of cold injury in our country is not ideal. To standardize and improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of cold injury in China, it is necessary to make a consensus that is practical and adapted to the conditions in China. We used the latest population-level epidemiological and clinical research data, combined with relevant literature from China and foreign countries. The consensus was developed by a joint committee of multidisciplinary experts. This expert consensus addresses the epidemiology, diagnosis, on-site emergency procedures, in-hospital treatment, and prevention of cold injury.
文摘Objective:To study the effects of methylprednisolone combined with montelukast on immune function and cytokines in children with recurrent Henoch-Schonlein purpura.Methods:Children who were diagnosed with recurrent Henoch-Schonlein purpura in Zigong Third People's Hospital between September 2015 and August 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the intervention group who received methylprednisolone combined with montelukast therapy and the control group who received hydrocortisone therapy. The levels of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg immunity indexes in peripheral blood as well as cytokines in serum were measured before treatment as well as 4 and 8 weeks after treatment.Results: 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment, Th1 and Treg cell contents as well as T-bet and FoxP3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood of both groups of patients were significantly higher than those before treatment whereas Th2 and Th17 cell contents as well as GATA-3 and RORγt mRNA expression in peripheral blood and NF-κB, OPN, IL-33, MK and HMGB1 contents in serum were significantly lower than those before treatment, and Th1 and Treg cell contents as well as T-bet and FoxP3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood of intervention group were significantly higher than those of control group whereas Th2 and Th17 cell contents as well as GATA-3 and RORγt mRNA expression in peripheral blood and NF-κB, OPN, IL-33, MK and HMGB1 contents in serum were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusion: methylprednisolone combined with montelukast treatment of recurrent Henoch-Schonlein purpura can regulate the immune function and inhibit the cytokine secretion.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81901553 to CD)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2021JJ30461 to CD).
文摘Phospholipase C zeta(PLC)is a key sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor that triggers Ca^(2+)oscillations and the subsequent block to polyspermy following gamete fusion.Mutations in PLCZ1,the gene encoding PLCζ,cause male infertility and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)fertilization failure;and PLCζ expression and localization patterns are significantly correlated with ICSI fertilization rate(FR).However,in conventional in vitro fertilization(cIVF),whether and how sperm PLCζ affects fertilization remain unclear.Herein,we identified one previously reported and two novel PLCZ1 mutations associated with polyspermy in vitro that are characterized by excessive sperm-zona binding and a delay in pronuclei(PN)formation.Immunofluorescence staining and oocyte activation testing revealed that virtually all spermatozoa from patients lacked functional PLCζ and were thus unable to evoke Ca^(2+) oscillations.ICSI with an artificial oocyte activation treatment successfully rescued the polyspermic phenotype and resulted in a live birth.Furthermore,we analyzed PLCζ in an additional 58 males after cIVF treatment in the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CiTiC-Xiangya(Changsha,China)between February 2019 and January 2022.We found that the proportion of spermatozoa that expressed PLCζ was positively correlated with both 2PN rate and total FR.The optimal cutoff value below which males were likely to experience low FR(total FR≤30%)after clVF was 56.7%for the proportion of spermatozoa expressing PLC5.Our study expands the mutation and the phenotypic spectrum of PLCZ1 and further suggests that PLCζ constitutes a promising biomarker for identifying low FRs cases in cIVF due to sperm-related oocyte activation deficiency and that sperm PLCζ analysis may benefit the widermale population and not onlymen with IcsI failure.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21361010 and 22065014)the National Innovation Training Program(Grant No.202210407024)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20171BAB206001)the Education Department of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.GJJ190433).
文摘Zinc-based flow battery is an energy storage technology with good application prospects because of its advantages of abundant raw materials,low cost,and environmental friendliness.The chemical stability of zinc electrodes exposed to electrolyte is a very important issue for zinc-based batteries.This paper reports on details of chemical stability of the zinc metal exposed to a series of solutions,as well as the relationship between the morphological evolution of zinc electrodes and their properties in an alkaline medium.Chemical corrosion of zinc electrodes by the electrolyte will change their surface morphology.However,we observed that chemical corrosion is not the main contributor to the evolution of zinc electrode surface morphology,but the main contributor is the Zn/Zn^(2+)electrode process.The morphological evolution of zinc electrodes was controlled by using ionic liquids,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate(EMIA),and 1-propylsulfonic-3-methylimidazolium tosylate(PSMIT),and the electrode performance was recorded during the morphological evolution process.It was observed that the reversible change of zinc electrode morphology was accompanied by better electrode performance.
文摘Competition is the catalyst of corporate innovation,which is the foundation of a country's core competitiveness.From the view of vertical industrial chain,this paper examines how downstream competition affects upstream firms'innovation output.Given innovation helps reduce the production cost of each product,increasing demand of intermediate products caused by downstream competition enhances the marginal revenue of upstream firms'innovation,thus leading to an innovation incentive effect.To identify causality,we utilize China's WTO accession,a quasinatural experiment,to calculate downstream competition combined with import tariff reduction and input-output table,and then run a difference-in-difference regression.Using the data of Annual Survey of Industrial Firms and State Intellectual Property Office,our results find that downstream competition has a significantly positive impact on upstream firms'innovation,and this effect is more pronounced in firms with less industry competition,greater initial innovation capacity and weaker financial constraints.Moreover,the number of firms,the degree of industry competition and the scale of intermediate products in the downstream sector increase,confirming the market size channel.In sum,our findings document that downstream competition can motivate upstream firms to innovate through vertical industrial chain,providing some useful insights for China to build a fair market competition environment and promote innovation-driven growth regime.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52072325)the Key Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province, China (No. 20A486)+2 种基金Hunan 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Engineering and Technology with Environmental Benignity and Effective Resource Utilization, Program for Innovative Research Cultivation Team in University of Ministry of Education of China (No. 1337304)the 111 Project (No. B12015)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2020MB045)。
文摘Na superionic conductor(NASICON)-type La_(0.33)Ti_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(LaTP) is firstly proposed as sodium/potassium storage materials.The density functional theory(DFT) calculations show that LaTP has good electronic character and low Na^(+)/K^(+)migration barriers.The flexible La_(0.33)Ti_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/C nanofiber film is synthesized via electrostatic spinning and investigated as free-standing electrode applied to sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) and potassiumion batteries(PIBs) in this work.The low band gap and Na^(+)/K^(+) migration barriers of LaTP,unique morphology,and complete conductive carbon net allow the La_(0.33)Ti_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/C nanofibers film to deliver high capacity(296.3 mAh·g^(-1) for SIBs and 235.8 mAh·g^(-1) for PIBs),excellent rate performance(142.5 mAh·g^(-1) for SIBs and50.5 mAh·g^(-1) for PIBs at 1.00 A·g^(-1)),and superior cyclability above 1000 cycles.The full-cell tests show that the material has a good application prospect,indicating a promising flexible anode material for SIBs and PIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 51434004, U1435205, 51774074]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [N172512033, N172507002]Transformation Project of Major Scientific and Technological Achievements in Shenyang [grant number Z17-5-003]
文摘The microstructure evolution and intergranular corrosion(IGC) behavior of high nitrogen martensitic stainless steels(MSSs) by partial replacing C by N were investigated by using microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitric acid tests and double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation(DL-EPR) tests. The results show that the partial replacement of C by N first reduces and then increases the size and content of precipitates in high nitrogen MSSs, and converts the dominant precipitates from M23C6 to M2N,furthermore first improves and then deteriorates the IGC resistance. The high nitrogen MSS containing medium C and N contents provides good combination of mechanical properties and IGC resistance.
基金supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Program-Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province(202102010359-ZNSA-2020003)the Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(EKPG21-13)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81970003,31900877)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2018A030310401)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease(GHMJLRID-Z-202109)the Special Project for COVID-19 Prevention and Control of Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province(ZNSA-2020012)。
文摘During 2018–2019,a severe human adenovirus(HAdV)infection outbreak occurred in southern China.Here,we screened 18 respiratory pathogens in 1704 children(≤14 years old)hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in Guangzhou,China,in 2019.In total,151 patients had positive HAdV test results;34.4%(52/151)of them exhibited severe illness.HAdV infection occurred throughout the year,with a peak in summer.The median patient age was 3.0(interquartile range:1.1–5.0)years.Patients with severe HAdV infection exhibited increases in12 clinical indexes(P≤0.019)and decreases in four indexes(P≤0.007),compared with patients exhibiting nonsevere infection.No significant differences were found in age or sex distribution according to HAdV infection severity(P>0.05);however,the distributions of comorbid disease and HAdV co-infection differed according to HAdV infection severity(P<0.05).The main epidemic types were HAdV-3(47.0%,71/151)and HAdV-7(46.4%,70/151).However,the severe illness rate was significantly higher in patients with HAdV-7(51.4%)than in patients with HAdV-3(19.7%)and other types of HAdV(20%)(P<0.001).Sequencing analysis of genomes/capsid genes of 13 HAdV-7 isolates revealed high similarity to previous Chinese isolates.A representative HAdV-7isolate exhibited a similar proliferation curve to the curve described for the epidemic HAdV-3 strain Guangzhou01(accession no.DQ099432)(P>0.05);the HAdV-7 isolate exhibited stronger virulence and infectivity,compared with HAdV-3(P<0.001).Overall,comorbid disease,HAdV co-infection,and high virulence and infectivity of HAdV-7 were critical risk factors for severe HAdV infection;these data can facilitate treatment,control,and prevention of HAdV infection.
基金supported by the Cultivation Project of Shanghai Major Infectious Disease Research Base(20dz2210500)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention,Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases(20dz2261100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671589 and 81871272).
基金We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0907800)Shandong Jincheng Bio-Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.
文摘The global market demand for natural astaxanthin is rapidly increasing owing to its safety,the potential health benefits,and the diverse applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.The major native producers of natural astaxanthin on industrial scale are the alga Haematococcus pluvialis and the yeast Xanthopyllomyces dendrorhous.However,the natural production via these native producers is facing challenges of limited yield and high cost of cultivation and extraction.Alternatively,astaxanthin production via metabolically engineered non-native microbial cell factories such as Escherichia coli,Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica is another promising strategy to overcome these limitations.In this review we summarize the recent scientific and biotechnological progresses on astaxanthin biosynthetic pathways,transcriptional regulations,the interrelation with lipid metabolism,engineering strategies as well as fermentation process control in major native and non-native astaxanthin producers.These progresses illuminate the prospects of producing astaxanthin by microbial cell factories on industrial scale.
基金This research was supported by the ShanghaTech University(Nos.2013F020100001,2014X020150110,and 2015X02015012)The authors thank the support from Analytical Instrumentation Center(No.SPST-AIC10112914)+1 种基金center for High-Resolution Electron Microscope(ChEM,No.EM02161943)SPST,ShanghaiTech University.
文摘Matrix adaptation reconstructs the architecture of cell,and has important implication in proper biological functioning.However,how the network of cytoskeleton filament undergoes reconstruction,reordering,and surface adaptation,requires a systematic investigation.Here,we show that surface sensing and adaptation occur correspondingly with related reorganization of cytoskeleton filaments(actin,tubulin,and vimentin).The microstructure of filament network is built by adaptive change of chemical polymerization on cytoskeleton filaments.The transition of cellular morphology,from spheroidal architecture on nanoarray to extending structure with stress fibers on flat surface,involves spatial reorganization and polymerization modulation of filaments.The dimension of filaments(diameter,orientation,and density)are changed accordingly to spatiotemporal distribution of cytoskeleton network.In addition,our findings elucidate how cell can tune their architecture at nanoscale by matrix adaptation,and provide a novel information on interplay between cytoskeleton and pathophysiology.
