Vacancy healing for stable perovskite solar cells via bifunctional potassium tartrate

Perovskite solar cell has gained widespread attention as a promising technology for renewable energy.However, their commercial viability has been hampered by their long-term stability and potential Pb leakage. Herein, we demonstrate a bifunctional passivator of the potassium tartrate(PT) to address both challenges. PT minimizes the Pb leakage in perovskites and also heals cationic vacancy defects, resulting in improved device performance and stability. Benefiting from PT modification, the power conversion efficiency(PCE) is improved to 23.26% and the Pb leakage in unencapsulated films is significantly reduced to 9.79 ppm. Furthermore, the corresponding device exhibits no significant decay in PCE after tracking at the maximum power point(MPP) for 2000 h under illumination(LED source, 100 mW cm^(-2)).

Improved interfacial adhesion for stable flexible inverted perovskite solar cells

Flexible perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages in lightweight,high flexibility,and easy deformation,which are suitable for portable electronics.However,the inverted(p-i-n)structured devices suffer from poor stability largely due to the low adhesion at the brittle interface(the hole transport layer/perovskite).Herein,zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67)is applied to inverted structured cells to optimize the interface and prolong the device lifetime.As a result,the flexible devices based on ZIF-67 obtain the champion power conversion efficiency of 20.16%.Over 1000 h under continuous light irradiation,the device retains 96%and 80%of its original efficiency without and with bias,respectively.Notably,devices show mechanical endurance with over 78%efficiency retention after 10,000 cycles of consecutive bending cycles(R=6 mm).The introduction of ZIF-67 suppresses the cracking in device bending,which results in improved environmental stability and bending durability.

Highly permeable reverse osmosis membranes incorporated with hydrophilic polymers of intrinsic microporosity via interfacial polymerization

Enhancing the water permeation while maintaining high salt rejection of existing reverse osmosis(RO)membranes remains a considerable challenge.Herein,we proposed to introduce polymer of intrinsic microporosity,PIM-1,into the selective layer of reverse osmosis membranes to break the trade-off effect between permeability and selectivity.A water-soluble a-LPIM-1 of low-molecular-weight and hydroxyl terminals was synthesized.These designed characteristics endowed it with high solubility and reactivity.Then it was mixed with m-phenylenediamine and together served as aqueous monomer to react with organic monomer of trimesoyl chloride via interfacial polymerization.The characterization results exhibited that more“nodule”rather than“leaf”structure formed on RO membrane surface,which indicated that the introduction of the high free-volume of a-LPIM-1 with three dimensional twisted and folded structure into the selective layer effectively caused the frustrated packing between polymer chains.In virtue of this effect,even with reduced surface roughness and unchanged layer thickness,the water permeability of prepared reverse osmosis membranes increased 2.1 times to 62.8 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1) with acceptable Na Cl rejection of 97.6%.This attempt developed a new strategy to break the trade-off effect faced by traditional polyamide reverse osmosis membranes.

Modification of Mn on corrosion and mechanical behavior of biodegradable Mg(88)Y4Zn2Li5 alloy with long-period stacking ordered structure

The biological corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of Mg(89-x)Y4 Zn2 Li5 Mnx(x=0,0.5,1,1.5 and2 at.%) alloy with long-period stacking ordered(LPSO) structure were investigated in this work.The magnesium matrix and the eutectic phase of Mg(88)Y4 Zn2 Li5 Mn1 alloy are effectively refined by the grain boundary segregation of Mn,and the average size of matrix and the eutectic phase decreased by 66%and 74%,respectively.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and elongation enhanced by 36% and 55%,respectively.The corrosion rates obtained by weight loss and hydrogen evolution of Mg(88)Y4 Zn2 Li5 Mn1 alloy were 79% and 84% lower than that of Mg(88)Y4 Zn2 Li5 alloy.Additionally,Mg(88)Y4 Zn2 Li5 Mn1 alloy also presents superior corrosion behavior in electrochemical test.It is verified that Mn plays a positive role in both corrosion and mechanical properties of the Mg(88)Y4 Zn2 Li5 Mn1 alloy,which provides a reference for further experimental work.

Relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic comparison of two different enteric formulations of omeprazole

In order to comply with the requirements for a drug listed in China, the study was developed to compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of two different enteric formulations of omeprazole (OPZ) in healthy Chinese subjects. A total of 32 volunteers participated in the study. Plasma concentrations were analyzed by non- stereospecific liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method. After administration of a single 40-mg dose of the two OPZ formulations, the comparative bioavailability was assessed by calculating individual AUC0-t (the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration), AUC0-∞ (the area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity), Cmax (the maximum observed concentration), and Tpeak (the time to Cmax) values of OPZ, 5-hydroxyomeprazole (OH-OPZ), and omeprazole sulfone (OPZ-SFN), respectively. The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, and Cmax were 85.4%-99.0%/88.8%-98.6%/87.6%-99.4%, 85.5%-99.2%/89.0%-98.6%/88.5%-101.3%, and 72.3%-87.6%/79.6%-91.1%/88.4%-99.1% for OPZ/OH-OPZ/ OPZ-SFN, respectively, and Tpeak values did not differ significantly. In this study, the test formulation of OPZ in fasting healthy Chinese male volunteers met the Chinese bioequivalance standard to the reference formulation based on AUC, Cmax, and Tpeak.

同步辐射技术在大气科学领域的研究进展

作为新颖和独特的大型仪器,同步辐射装置正在越来越多地被应用到大气和环境科学的研究中。本文介绍了基于同步辐射的探测技术的理论原理、关键技术以及近期的主要研究成果。涉及的同步辐射技术包括:常压X射线光电子能谱(APXPS)、近边X射线吸收精细结构(NEXAFS)和扫描透射X射线显微镜(STXM)。本文按实验类型进行了分类,即APXPS实验、流体束实验和STXM实验。主要内容包括:(1)冰表面;(2)盐表面;(3)酸性溶液;(4)有机溶液;(5)盐溶液;(6)臭氧分解;(7)黑碳;(8)冰核;(9)吸湿性;(10)反应机理。同步辐射设施的发展为气溶胶科学和大气异相化学的研究提供了强大的工具。可以预见越来越多的重要大气过程和机制将通过基于同步辐射的研究所揭示,而这也将体现同步辐射装置在大气和环境领域的巨大潜力和价值。