Assessment of Wet Season Precipitation in the Central United States by the Regional Climate Simulation of the WRFG Member in NARCCAP and Its Relationship with Large-Scale Circulation Biases

Assessment of past-climate simulations of regional climate models(RCMs)is important for understanding the reliability of RCMs when used to project future regional climate.Here,we assess the performance and discuss possible causes of biases in a WRF-based RCM with a grid spacing of 50 km,named WRFG,from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program(NARCCAP)in simulating wet season precipitation over the Central United States for a period when observational data are available.The RCM reproduces key features of the precipitation distribution characteristics during late spring to early summer,although it tends to underestimate the magnitude of precipitation.This dry bias is partially due to the model’s lack of skill in simulating nocturnal precipitation related to the lack of eastward propagating convective systems in the simulation.Inaccuracy in reproducing large-scale circulation and environmental conditions is another contributing factor.The too weak simulated pressure gradient between the Rocky Mountains and the Gulf of Mexico results in weaker southerly winds in between,leading to a reduction of warm moist air transport from the Gulf to the Central Great Plains.The simulated low-level horizontal convergence fields are less favorable for upward motion than in the NARR and hence,for the development of moist convection as well.Therefore,a careful examination of an RCM’s deficiencies and the identification of the source of errors are important when using the RCM to project precipitation changes in future climate scenarios.

Evaluation of retinal and choroidal thickness changes in overweight and obese adults without ocular symptoms by swept-source optical coherence tomography

AIM:To evaluate the relationship of overweight and obesity with retinal and choroidal thickness in adults without ocular symptoms by swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT).METHODS:According to the body mass index(BMI)results,the adults enrolled in the cross-sectional study were divided into the normal group(18.50≤BMI<25.00 kg/m^(2)),the overweight group(25.00≤BMI<30.00 kg/m^(2)),and the obesity group(BMI≥30.00 kg/m^(2)).The one-way ANOVA and the Chi-square test were used for comparisons.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the measured variables.RESULTS:This research covered the left eyes of 3 groups of 434 age-and sex-matched subjects each:normal,overweight,and obesity.The mean BMI was 22.20±1.67,26.82±1.38,and 32.21±2.35 kg/m^(2) in normal,overweight and obesity groups,respectively.The choroid was significantly thinner in both the overweight and obesity groups compared to the normal group(P<0.05 for all),while the retinal thickness of the three groups did not differ significantly.Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that BMI was significantly negatively correlated with choroidal thickness,but no significant correlation was observed between BMI and retinal thickness.CONCLUSION:Choroidal thickness is decreased in people with overweight or obesity.Research on changes in choroidal thickness contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of certain ocular disorders in overweight and obese adults.

Heterotopic pancreas in the gallbladder:A case report

BACKGROUND Heterotopic pancreas(HP)refers to pancreatic tissue located in areas with no vascular or anatomical connection to the pancreas.HP occurs mostly in the stomach,duodenum,and colon,and rarely in the gallbladder.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old woman was referred to our hospital complaining of right upper quadrant discomfort for 3 years.An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed adenomyomatosis with a thickened fundus of the gallbladder.The patient underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy,and pathological examination unexpectedly showed heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the gallbladder.The patient had a favorable recovery and was discharged on postoperative day 3.She did not report any symptoms or complications at the 6-mo postoperative follow-up.Pathologists should pay close attention to such pancreatic tissue and carefully examine it for dysplasia or malignancy.CONCLUSION This case provides more information about HP in the gallbladder,a rare occurrence.

基于视觉与激光融合的柔性压裂管线检测机器人

柔性压裂管线作为一种新型压裂管汇,能有效提升压裂作业时管线连接效率。为了保障柔性压裂管线安全服役,并面向现场使用需求,研制了一种基于视觉与激光融合的柔性压裂管线检测机器人。机器人主要由爬行装置、视频检测装置、激光旋转检测装置和控制模块组成,并基于混合现实技术提高机器人检测交互体验。机器人通过视频检测和激光测量分别获得柔性压裂管线的图像信息与轮廓信息,在此基础上综合评估管线内部橡胶层磨损状况,从而有效预测和规避柔性压裂管线失效风险。最后,通过试制样机开展试验,验证了该机器人能够满足设计需求,具备较好的推广前景。

Effects of thinning and understory removal on water use efficiency of Pinus massoniana:evidence from photosynthetic capacity and stable carbon isotope analyses

Understanding the relationship between forest management and water use efficiency(WUE)is important for evaluating forest adaptability to climate change.However,the effects of thinning and understory removal on WUE and its key controlling processes are not well understood,which limits our comprehension of the physiological mechanisms of various management practices.In this study,four forest management measures(no thinning:NT;understory removal:UR;light thinning:LT;and heavy thinning:HT)were carried out in Pinus massoniana plantations in a subtropical region of China.Photosynthetic capacity and needle stable carbon isotope composition(δ^(13)C)were measured to assess instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE_(inst))and long-term water use efficiency(WUE_(i)).Multiple regression models and structural equation modelling(SEM)identified the effects of soil properties and physiological performances on WUE_(inst)and WUE_(i).The results show that WUE_(inst)values among the four treatments were insignificant.However,compared with the NT stand(35.8μmol·mol^(-1)),WUE_(i)values significantly increased to 41.7μmol·mol^(-1)in the UR,50.1μmol·mol^(-1)in the LT and 46.6μmol·mol^(-1)in HT treatments,largely explained by photosynthetic capacity and soil water content.Understory removal did not change physiological performance(needle water potential and photosynthetic capacity).Thinning increased the net photosynthetic rate(A_n)but not stomatal conductance(g_s)or predawn needle water potential(ψ_(pd)),implying that the improvement in water use efficiency for thinned stands was largely driven by radiation interception than by soil water availability.In general,thinning may be an appropriate management measure to promote P.massoniana WUE to cope with seasonal droughts under future extreme climates.

Hypoxia-related bioinformatic signatures associated with prognosis and tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer:Current status,concerns,and future perspectives

Pancreatic cancer(PC),a highly lethal tumor with nearly identical incidence and mortality rates,has become the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths.Hypoxia is an important malignant factor in PC,as it regulates angiogenesis,metabolic reprogramming,tumor progression,and metastasis.Disrupting the hypoxic microenvironment can enhance the efficacy of antitumor therapy and improve the prognosis of patients with PC.With the advent of bioinformatics,hypoxia-related PC models have emerged in recent years.They provide a reference for estimating the prognosis and immune microenvironment of patients with PC and identify potential biomarkers for targeting hypoxic microenvironment.However,these findings based on bioinformatic analysis may not be completely reliable without further experimental evidence and clinical cohort validation.The application of these models and biomarkers in clinical practice to predict survival time and develop anti hypoxic therapeutic strategies for patients with PC remains in its infancy.In this editorial,we review the current status of hypoxia-related prognostic models in PC,analyze their similarities and differences,discuss several existing challenges,and provide potential solutions and directions for further studies.This editorial will facilitate the optimization,validation,and determination of the molecular mechanisms of related models.

Effects of acupuncture on serotonin,histamine,substance P,and tryptase levels at sensitized points in model rats with knee osteoarthritis

Objective:To elucidate the differences in manual acupuncture effectiveness at sensitized points by investigating the mechanisms of local skin action at different sensitization points in rats with knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods:Forty SpragueeDawley rats were equally divided into control,model(1 mg of mono-iodoacetate into the right knee joint cavity),sham operation,manual acupuncture at right Tianjing acupoint(MAR-SJ 10),and left SJ 10 groups.Safranine-O and fast green staining were used to assess the modeling.The morphological and functional changes in mast cells(MCs)were assessed during acupoint sensitization using toluidine blue and immunofluorescence staining.The levels of serotonin,histamine,substance P(SP),and tryptase at skin acupoints and serum levels of IL-β,IL-6,and TNF-αwere detected using ELISA.Results:After 14 days of treatment,the number of MCs and their degranulation rates were statistically higher in the model group than in the control group(both P<0.001).After applying acupuncture,the levels of 5-HT,HA,and SP at skin acupoints were lower than those in the model group(all P<0.05),and tryptase level was higher(both P<0.05).Tryptase level was higher on the skin at the MAL-SJ 10 acupoint than that on the MAR-SJ 10 acupoint(P=0.004).Compared with the model group,the serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αin the MAR-SJ 10 and MAL-SJ 10 groups were lower(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture at KOA-sensitized acupoints mitigates joint injury in KOA rats and may bidi-rectionally regulate local MCs of these acupoints.This finding not only enhances the reference value of sensitizing points in clinical diagnosis and treatment,but also contributes to the understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying acupuncture intervention at sensitizing points.

Clinical efficacy of Baijin pills in the treatment of generalized tonicclonic seizure epilepsy with cognitive impairment

BACKGROUND The generalized tonic-clonic seizure(GTCS)is the most usual variety of epileptic seizure.It is mainly characterized by strong body muscle rigidity,loss of consciousness,a disorder of plant neurofunction,and significant damage to cognitive function.The effect of antiepileptic drugs on cognition should also be considered.At present,there is no effective treatment for patients with epilepsy,but traditional Chinese medicine has shown a significant effect on chronic disease with fewer harmful side effects and should,therefore,be considered for the therapy means of epilepsy with cognitive dysfunction.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of Baijin pills for treating GTCS patients with cognitive impairment.METHODS This prospective study enrolled patients diagnosed with GTCS between January 2020 and December 2023 and separate them into two groups(experimental and control)using random number table method.The control group was treated with sodium valproate,and the experimental group was Baijin pills and sodium valproate for three months.The frequency and duration of each seizure,the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA),and the Quality of Life Rating Scale(QOLIE-31)were recorded before and after treatment.RESULTS There were 85 patients included(42 in the control group and 43 in the experimental group).After treatment,the seizure frequency in the experimental group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and seizure duration was shortened(P<0.01).The total MoCA score in the experimental group significantly increased compared to before treatment(P<0.01),and the sub-item scores,except naming and abstract generalization ability,significantly increased(P<0.05),whereas the total MoCA score in the control group significantly decreased after treatment(P<0.05).The QOLIE-31 score of the experimental group increased significantly after treatment compared to before treatment(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Baijin pills have a good clinical effect on epilepsy with cognitive dysfunction.

Recent efficacy and long-term survival of Astragalus polysaccharide combined with gemcitabine and S-1 in pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor with a rapid progression rate and a high susceptibility to infiltration and metastasis.Astragalus polysaccharide(APS),a pure Chinese medicine preparation primarily made from the traditional Chinese herb Astragalus,plays a positive role in the treatment of many malignant tumors.AIM To explore the recent efficacy of APS combined with gemcitabine plus tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium capsule(S-1)(GS)regimen in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and assess its effect on the immune function and long-term survival of patients.METHODS A total of 97 patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and received GS chemotherapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)from March 2021 to December 2021 were included in the retrospective analysis.Among them,41 patients received APS combined with GS chemotherapy,and 56 patients received GS chemotherapy only.The recent efficacy,immune function,adverse reactions,and long-term survival were compared among these patients.RESULTS After 4 cycles of treatment,the objective response rate of patients receiving the combined therapy of APS and GS was 51.22%,and the disease control rate(DCR)was 56.10%,higher than those of patients receiving the monotherapy with GS alone(30.36%and 35.71%,respectively).Besides,the percentages of CD3+T cells(50.18%±9.57%)and CD4+T cells(31.52%±5.33%)in the peripheral blood of patients receiving the combined therapy of APS and GS were higher compared with those treated with GS regimen alone[(44.06%±8.55%)and(26.01%±7.83%),respectively].Additionally,the incidences of leukopenia,thrombocytopenia,and fatigue in patients receiving the combined therapy of APS and GS were significantly lower than those in patients receiving the monotherapy of GS alone(17.07%,9.76%,31.71%vs 37.50%,28.57%,60.71%).Moreover,the median survival time of patients receiving the combined therapy of APS and GS was 394 days,significantly longer than that of patients receiving the mono-therapy of GS alone(339 days)(hazard ratio:0.66;95%CI:0.45-0.99;P=0.036).All these differences were statistically si-gnificant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combined therapy of APS and GS improved the recent efficacy and long-term survival of patients with pancreatic cancer and alleviated chemotherapy-induced immune suppression and adverse reactions.

Ultra Q:YAG与传统Nd:YAG激光玻璃体消融术治疗飞蚊症的疗效比较

目的:通过观察Ultra Q∶YAG玻璃体消融术治疗飞蚊症的长期效果,评价Ultra Q:YAG较传统Nd∶YAG激光的治疗优势。方法:回顾性分析2018-05/2020-01于我院确诊为玻璃体混浊并接受激光玻璃体消融术治疗的112例130眼患者的临床资料。所有患者均接受了激光玻璃体消融术治疗,根据不同治疗方法分为A、B两组,A组(60例70眼)接受Ultra Q∶YAG玻璃体消融术治疗;B组(52例60眼)接受传统Nd∶YAG激光治疗。根据患者玻璃体混浊的形态将A、B组各分为两亚组:其中A1组45例52眼和B1组30例38眼,玻璃体混浊形态多为Weiss环、絮状、致密膜状;A2组15例18眼和B2组22例22眼,玻璃体混浊形态多为细点状、丝状、网状。比较治疗前后的BCVA,治疗次数差异及主觉症状改善情况。结果:BCVA:治疗前A1组和A2组、B1组和B2组、A组和B组均无差异(P>0.05);A组和B组在治疗后2wk,1mo时均有差异(P<0.001),A1组和A2组在治疗后1、6、12mo均有差异(P=0.019、0.042、<0.001)。A组患者治疗后的主觉症状改善程度优于B组(P=0.006)。A1组治疗后的主觉症状改善程度优于A2组(P<0.001)。Ultra Q∶YAG比传统Nd∶YAG激光所需的激光治疗次数少(P<0.001)。同一种激光方法,不同玻璃体混浊形态,治疗次数无差异(P>0.05)。结论:Ultra Q∶YAG较传统Nd∶YAG激光进行玻璃体消融治疗飞蚊症,更易于操作、更安全、具有更好的主觉症状改善,尤其是对于伴有Weiss环、絮状、致密膜状混浊物的患者。

印染废水深度处理技术研究进展

印染废水具有COD高、色度高、pH不稳定、有机高分子化合物含量高等特点。综述了印染废水深度处理技术的发展现状,介绍了印染废水中常用的物理处理法(吸附技术、膜分离技术、微电解处理技术)、化学处理法(Fenton试剂法、高级氧化技术、微波活化过硫酸钾)和生物处理法(好氧-厌氧法、膜生物反应器、微生物固化技术),分析了各种处理方法的适用范围及优缺点,探讨了印染废水深度处理技术未来的研究方向。

水中总磷测定方法的研究进展

对近年来水中总磷测定方法的特点及研究进展进行回顾和总结,概述了总磷测定现有国家标准方法的优缺点及改进,并对高温高压消解、微波消解、光催化消解和超声波消解等消解方法以及分光光度法、流动注射法、光谱法和色谱法等分析方法进行综述和特点分析,展望了总磷测定方法的发展趋势,总结了总氮和总磷联合消解测定方法,为新形势下提高总氮、总磷测定效率提供参考。

石羊河流域生态敏感性与社会经济发展相关性研究

本文探究了石羊河流域生态环境保护方法,以缓解生态与社会经济发展的矛盾。选取适合石羊河流域的8个生态敏感性评价因子,结合层次分析法以及GIS空间分析方法,对石羊河流域的生态敏感性进行定量分析。在此基础上选取GDP、人均GDP、人口密度这几项社会经济指标,通过Moran's I对区县域空间格局的生态敏感性与社会经济进行了相关性研究。结果表明:(1)石羊河流域的生态敏感性总体较好,研究区内低敏感、较低敏感、一般敏感性、较高敏感、高敏感性的面积占比分别为27.68%、19.64%、25.99%、18.23%、8.54%。土壤可蚀性、植被覆盖度与土地利用类型对石羊河流域的生态敏感性影响较强;(2)生态敏感性与各社会经济指标,呈现出较强的空间相关性,互相依存关系明显。生态敏感性与人口密度的空间相关性>生态敏感性与GDP的空间相关性>生态敏感性与人均GDP的空间相关性,Moran's I值分别为0.342、0.341、0.130。本研究为该区域提供差异化的发展与保护协调路径,并可为同类型区域提供借鉴。

黄连上清胶囊联合抗敏牙膏治疗慢性牙周炎效果及对Th17/Treg、复发的影响

研究黄连上清胶囊联合高露洁专效抗敏牙膏治疗慢性牙周炎(CP)效果及对辅助性T细胞17/调节性T细胞(Th17/Treg)、复发的影响。选取CP患者134例,采用简单随机化法分为对照组(n=67)和观察组(n=67),分别给予高露洁专效抗敏牙膏、黄连上清胶囊+高露洁专效抗敏牙膏。观察两组治疗效果、不良反应、复发情况及治疗前后牙周袋深度(PD)、牙龈指数(GI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、吹气刺激敏感值(BST)、Th17/Treg细胞水平、牙龈卟啉单胞菌(PG)、乳酸杆菌(LB)。结果显示,治疗4周后,观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗4周后观察组PD、PLI、GI、BST值低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗4周后观察组Th17、Treg细胞及PG、LB水平低于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应及复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。黄连上清胶囊联合高露洁专效抗敏牙膏有利于下调CP患者Th17/Treg细胞水平,阻止细菌定植,改善牙周症状,提高治疗效果,且安全性高。

Construction of Ideological and Political Education in English Teacher Education Courses in Local Normal Universities:Objectives,Connotations,and Implementation Paths

The integration of ideological and political education into university curricula represents a new trend in holistic,comprehensive,and all-around education.The concept of“ideological and political education in English teacher education courses”embodies an interdisciplinary approach to curriculum reform.Grounded in the principle of fostering moral integrity,it aims to create high-quality courses by seamlessly integrating the transmission of knowledge and skills with the guidance of ideological values.This study explores the status quo,significance,and implementation pathways for integrating ideological and political education into English teacher education courses,providing valuable insights for future curricular development.

Research on the Integration Path of Postgraduate Professional Courses into the Construction of Curriculum Ideology and Politics

The curriculum ideology and politics play an important role in cultivating students’correct worldview,outlook on life,and values.In recent years,universities and colleges have begun to pay attention to the cultivation of postgraduates’moral education and the construction of postgraduates’curriculum ideology and politics.This paper takes the course“Theory of Software Engineering”of Anqing Normal University as an example,discusses the paths of integrating postgraduate professional courses into the construction of curriculum ideology and politics,and puts forward the paths of feeding back from scientific research,connecting with practice and summarizing and condensing,which are aimed at improving postgraduates’comprehensive quality and innovation ability,and have positive significance for cultivating high-level applied scientific and technological talents who are both moral and talented.

“课程思政”在《环境监测》课程中的应用

将"课程思政"理念融入《环境监测》课程,在蕴含专业知识的基础上,渗透家国情怀、公民素质和职业素养,在培养专业知识和实验实训技能的同时,进行课程育人,是新形势下高等教育课程改革的方向。本文探讨了《环境监测》进行课程思政的可行性和必要性,提出了《环境监测》课程思政的方法路径,列举了《环境监测》课程思政案例。

21世纪以来中国城乡福祉差距的时空分异与政策研究

努力缩小城乡区域福祉差距,是全面建成小康社会的重要任务。基于城乡比值指标构建我国城乡福祉差距测评指标体系,应用基尼系数、泰尔指数和因子分析等方法对2000—2017年中国城乡福祉差距的演变态势、不平衡特征和影响因素研究发现:2000—2017年,我国及四大区域城乡居民的福祉差距整体上逐步缩小,尤其在2003—2014年城乡福祉差距明显降低。我国城乡福祉差距的区域不平衡主要表现为区域间城乡福祉差距的差异扩大。东部地区城乡福祉差距的省际差异最大,东北部地区最小。中西部地区城乡福祉差距的省际差异整体趋于缩小。并从我国施政重点的角度,采取质性分析的方法阐释测评结果:认为我国城乡福祉差距持续改善源于国家坚持全面、连续、科学、系统的共同富裕政策体系。

高反射近红外隔热薄膜的制备与研究

通过溶剂热法制备氯氧化铋(BiOCl)粒子,研究BiOCl粒子对近红外光的反射作用,将其应用于薄膜中制备成阻隔太阳光光热的复合薄膜。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和电子能谱(EDS)表征BiOCl的晶相结构和化学组成,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其微观形貌。用紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计分析BiOCl粒子在波长范围220~2 500nm内的吸收和漫反射光谱。最后将BiOCl分散在聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液中,采用涂覆工艺制备成BiOCl/PVA复合薄膜,研究BiOCl含量对薄膜隔热性能的影响。结果表明,在本实验中制备的BiOCl为尺寸均一的微球结构,外径为3~5μm;由大量纳米片交织构成,形成开放的通道。禁带宽为3.69eV,大于计算值2.62eV,表明BiOCl粒子表面的光生载流子浓度发生了变化,使吸收边发生蓝移。BiOCl在可见光区(300~750nm)平均反射率为67.3%,在近红外区(750~2 500nm)平均反射率达到了99.8%以上。随着添加BiOCl含量的增加,PVA薄膜的隔热性能持续提高,当BiOCl添加量为1.5%时,使隔热箱内部的温度下降了4.5℃。由于近红外光的入射频率高于复合膜中BiOCl粒子本身的振动频率,引起了其振动粒子的高反射,对分布于近红外区的能量起到了很好的阻隔反射作用,降低了隔热箱内部的温度。

过渡金属硫化物相关电催化剂的设计与应用研究

自从国际社会提出“碳达峰、碳中和”目标以来,人们越来越意识到节约资源、保护环境、开发新能源的必要性.氢能(H_(2))作为最具竞争力的清洁能源之一,引起了研究人员的广泛关注.电化学全解水被认为是一种利用风能和太阳能产生氢气的有效技术,其主要由两个半反应组成:析氧反应(OER)和析氢反应(HER).然而,在实际工业化生产过程中阳极反应动力学OER慢,能量转换效率低,阴极反应稳定性差,导致经济效益不理想,因此,急需开发和探索耐久高效的电催化剂.过渡金属硫化物因具有独特的结构特征、丰富的活性位点和可调控的电子性质和组成,而被广泛用于电化学全解水制氢.本文综述了过渡金属硫化物的合成方法,一般包括:水热(溶剂热)法、电化学沉积法、液相剥离法、化学气相沉积法和球磨法,并概述了不同方法的基本概念、合成步骤以及优缺点.总结了近年用于电催化领域中典型单一硫化物(包括MoS_(2),WS_(2),Co3S_(4),Ni_(3)S_(2)等)材料的合成方法和机理,明确了S元素在整个电催化过程中的重要作用.针对单一硫化物稳定性差、活性位点少、电化学活性不高的缺点,详细总结了双金属、多金属以及单原子、双原子硫化物的催化机理和催化性能.当采用复合、引入缺陷、空缺和形态调节等手段修饰时,能够有效调控金属硫化物的电子结构,增加活性位点数量,优化反应中间体的吸附能,降低OER过程的能垒,从而使多金属硫化物具有优异的电化学性能.最后,通过一些典型的研究结果揭示了过渡金属硫化物在水分子分裂过程中的结构特性变化原理,特别是对于多金属硫化物,活性位点可以是金属阳离子,而其他金属的引入将在一定程度上改变活性中心附近的电子结构和配位环境,进而改善材料的催化性能.尽管过渡金属硫化物在电催化领域的应用研究取得了一系列进展,但仍存在诸多挑战,距实际应用仍有较大差距.需要综合考虑经济、高性能、稳定性和环境友好等因素进行过渡金属硫化物催化材料的设计、制备和性能调控,并为大规模应用提供基础.同时,深入探索电催化机理有利于设计高效电催化剂和推动电催化领域的持续发展.综上,本文为新型电催化材料的制备和电催化全解水机理的深入研究提供一定的参考.