Ecological Accounting: A Research Review and Conceptual Framework

Where sustainable development is concerned, there is an urgent need to establish new information systems that integrate economic, social and ecological factors. The emergence of demand for this information makes the development of ecological accounting possible. Yet, most current research on ecological accounting focuses on two aspects: (1) the theoretical aspect, including background, concepts and models and (2) specific research on ecological accounting. Some scholars have proposed a conceptual framework, but this is not systematic or thorough enough. Seizing the opportunity of sustainable development in a key strategic location of the world, this paper begins by analyzing the logical evolution of ecological accounting, summarizes the existing ecological accounting theory, and combines the mature theoretical study of resources accounting with environmental accounting. All of these efforts result in this paper forwarding a framework of ecological accounting that aims to provide a guideline for future development.

卡压性神经损害的另类发现

目的观察上肢神经卡压患者的神经超声图像特征,明确卡压神经除受压处损害外是否有其他部位的合并性损害,研究卡压神经合并性损害与性别及卡压点横截面积(CSA)的关系。方法回顾性总结2013年10月-2015年10月在贵州医科大学附属医院神经科确诊为腕管综合征(CTS)、肘管综合征(Cub TS)患者(49例)的高频超声图像资料。将卡压神经分为CTS伴CSA增粗组、CTS伴CSA正常组、Cub TS伴CSA增粗组和Cub TS伴CSA正常组,统计各组卡压神经合并性损害的情况,分析各组出现合并性损害与性别及卡压点CSA的关系。结果 79条卡压神经中有48条合并该神经其他部位损害。CTS伴CSA增粗组中有合并性损害与无合并性损害的神经卡压点CSA比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CTS是否同时伴有CSA增粗,其性别间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论卡压性神经损害除卡压点外,可能涉及神经其他部位,CTS出现合并性损害可能与卡压点神经增粗程度有关。神经有卡压不一定有卡压点神经肿胀,性别可能是影响神经卡压后是否出现卡压点神经肿胀的一个因素。高频超声对神经卡压的有重要诊断意义,对其早期诊断有潜在价值。

Estimation of the sheath power dissipation induced by ion cyclotron resonance heating

During ion cyclotron resonance heating,the sheath power dissipation caused by ion acceleration in the radio frequency(RF)sheath is one of the main causes of RF power loss in the tokamak edge region.To estimate the power dissipation of an RF sheath in the ion cyclotron range of frequency(ICRF),a 1 D fluid model for the multi-component plasma sheath driven by a sinusoidal disturbance current in the ICRF is presented.By investigation of the sheath potential and ion flux at the wall,it is shown that the larger frequency and lower amplitude of the disturbance current can cause smaller sheath power dissipation.The effect of the energetic ion on the sheath power dissipation depends on the disturbance current.For large amplitude of disturbance current,the increase in the concentration and energy of the energetic ion leads to a decrease in sheath power dissipation.While for a small disturbance current,the sheath power dissipation demonstrates non-monotonic variation with the concentration and energy of the energetic ion.In addition,the sheath power dissipation is found to have a small increase in the presence of light impurity ions with low valence.

Estimation of tungsten production from the upper divertor in EAST during edge localized modes

During edge localized modes(ELMs), the sheath evolution in front of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST) upper divertor is studied to estimate the sputtered tungsten(W) atoms from the divertor target. A large potential drop across the sheath is formed during ELMs by compared with inter-ELMs, and the maximum of sheath potential drop can exceed one thousand of e V in current EAST operation. Due to the enhancement of the sheath potential drop during ELMs, the W physical sputtering yield from the deuterium(D) ions and the impurity ions on the upper divertor target is found to be significant. It is established that the sputtered W yield during ELMs is at least higher by an order of magnitude than inter-ELMs, and D ions and carbon(C) ions are the main ions governing the W production for the current H-mode with ELMs discharges. With increase in the pedestal electron temperature, the maximum of the D and C ion impact energy during ELMs shows a nearly linear increase, and the D ions have sufficient impact energy to cause the strong W physical sputtering. As a consequence, the D ions may dominate the sputtered W flux from the divertor target when the C concentration is controlled less than one percent for the higher heating power H-mode with ELM discharges in near future.

The Building of Papermaking Enterprise's Recycling Economy Evaluation Index System Based on Value Flow Analysis

At present,the research on circular economy has made a lot of substantive results both at home and abroad.But for the papermaking enterprise,which is the representative of the light industry,few studies have analyzed the evaluation index system of circular economy.Since the current material flow analyses have limitations that the researchers cannot calculate materials with different units.The authors take advantage of the intrinsic correlation between the basic principle of value flow analysis and circular economy,and then analyze the dynamic changes of material flow and value flow through enterprises internal production process.Considering the resource output,the authors set up the layered structure of the evaluation index system,and then preliminarily determine the index form.Next,the authors use the frequency statistics analysis method to adjust indicators,forming a preliminary index system.After that,the principal component analysis and independent analysis are applied for screening.Finally,the authors build a circular economy evaluation index system for papermaking enterprise to provide scientific guidance for the process of circular economy.