Factors associated with upstaging in patients preoperatively diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ by core needle biopsy

Objective: Patients preoperatively diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) by core needle biopsy(CNB) exhibit a significant risk for upstaging on final pathology, which leads to major concerns of whether axillary staging is required at the primary operation. The present study aimed to identify clinicopathological factors associated with upstaging in patients preoperatively diagnosed with DCIS by CNB.Methods: The present study enrolled 604 patients(cN0 M0) with a preoperative diagnosis of pure DCIS by CNB, who underwent axillary staging between August 2006 and December 2015, at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center(Shanghai, China).Predictive factors of upstaging were analyzed retrospectively.Results: Of the 604 patients, 20.03%(n = 121) and 31.95%(n = 193) were upstaged to DCIS with microinvasion(DCISM) and invasive breast cancer(IBC) on final pathology, respectively. Larger tumor size on ultrasonography(> 2 cm) was independently associated with upstaging [odds ratio(OR) 1.558, P = 0.014]. Additionally, patients in lower breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS) categories were less likely to be upstaged(4 B vs. 5: OR 0.435, P = 0.002;4 C vs. 5: OR 0.502, P = 0.001). Overall,axillary metastasis occurred in 6.79%(n = 41) of patients. Among patients with axillary metastasis, 1.38%(4/290), 3.31%(4/121)and 17.10%(33/193) were in the DCIS, DCISM, and IBC groups, respectively.Conclusions: For patients initially diagnosed with DCIS by CNB, larger tumor size on ultrasonography(> 2 cm) and higher BIRADS category were independent predictive factors of upstaging on final pathology. Thus, axillary staging in patients with smaller tumor sizes and lower BI-RADS category may be omitted, with little downstream risk for upstaging.

Carbon ion irradiation-induced DNA damage evokes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the pRb/E2F1/c-Myc signaling pathway in p53-deficient prostate cancer PC-3 cells

Carbon ion radiotherapy has the advantages of better therapeutic effect and fewer side effects compared with those of X-rays in many kinds of tumors,including prostate cancer,and thus is an attractive treatment approach for prostate cancer.However,the biological effects and underlying mechanisms of carbon ion irradiation in prostate cancer are not yet fully understood.Therefore,this study systematically compared the effects of carbon ion irradiation with those of X-ray irradiation on DNA damage response and found that carbon ion irradiation was more effective than X-ray irradiation.Carbon ion irradiation can induce a high level of DNA double-strand break damage,reflected by the number of y-H2 A histone family member X foci,as well as by the foci lasting time and size.Moreover,carbon ion irradiation exhibited strong and long-lasting inhibitory effect on cell survival capability,induced prolonged cell cycle arrest,and increased apoptosis in PC-3 cells.As an underlying mechanism,we speculated that carbon ion irradiation-induced DNA damage evokes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the pRb/E2 F1/c-Myc signaling pathway to enhance the radiosensitivity of p53-deficient prostate cancer PC-3 cells.Collectively,the present study suggests that carbon ion irradiation is more efficient than X-ray irradiation and may help to understand the effects of different radiation qualities on the survival potential of p53-deficient prostate cancer cells.

Lu Wei Stands Out as a Rising Singer

Lu Wei’s profe is as follows:The following poem is composed

GC×GC-TOF MS分析中国劲酒基酒挥发性成分

保健酒是以白酒或其他酒类为基酒,佐以中药材,对人体具有保健功效的酒饮料。中国劲酒是保健酒的代表产品之一,通常以清香型小曲酒为基酒,加入淮山药、仙茅、当归、肉苁蓉、枸杞子、黄芪、淫羊藿等药材经过现代提取与分离技术调配制成。采用液-液萃取结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用仪(comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry,GC×GC-TOF MS)对2种中国劲酒基酒的挥发性成分进行分析,测定其化合物的种类和含量。结果表明:2种中国劲酒基酒中初步定性出挥发性化合物175种,标准品定性化合物40种,其中醇类化合物41种、酯类化合物53种、醛酮类化合物24种、缩醛类化合物2种、酸类化合物24种、呋喃类化合物8种、酚类化合物3种、内酯类化合物8种、含氮化合物8种、含硫化合物1种和酸酐类化合物2种;含氮和含硫化合物在中国劲酒中为首次发现。液-液萃取结合GC×GC-TOF MS技术的分析方法可快速、准确分析鉴定出中国劲酒基酒中挥发性成分,结果旨在为中国劲酒的重要风味物质研究提供参考。

基于GC×GC/TOF MS对不同等级食用酒精挥发性成分的判别分析

由于食用酒精挥发性成分含量极低,而这些含量极低的挥发性成分直接影响着食用酒精的口感及等级划分。因此,研究以优级和特级食用酒精为对象,采用顶空固相微萃取结合全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱联用技术对2种等级食用酒精进行挥发性成分的定性和定量分析。再以不同等级食用酒精中挥发性成分为变量,采用主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小二乘-判别分析(PLS-DA)等多元统计学方法建立了食用酒精等级判别模型,找出了2种等级食用酒精的主要差异化合物。结果表明:在优级和特级食用酒精中共鉴定出60种挥发性化合物。建立的判别模型能有效地将优级和特级食用酒精区分开,PCA辨别模型的前2个主成分贡献率为51.3%,说明模型具有较好的食用酒精等级区分能力;PLS-DA辨别模型的因变量拟合指数为0.966,模型预测精度为0.934,说明模型具有较好的稳定性和预测能力。基于变量投影重要性分析,判别出23种可区分优级、特级食用酒精的主要差异化合物。其中,特级食用酒精中的癸酸乙酯、正辛烷、顺-β-甲基苯乙烯含量显著高于优级食用酒精;优级食用酒精中乙缩醛、丁酸乙酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚、戊酸乙酯、苯乙烯、庚酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、乙酸、苯甲酸乙酯、丙醇、1-甲基萘、壬醛、正己烷、苯甲醛、1,2,3,4-四氢萘、正丙基苯、(-)-柠檬烯、γ-丁内酯、己醛含量显著高于特级食用酒精。2种等级食用酒精挥发性成分相对含量差异最大的为乙缩醛、丁酸乙酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚和戊酸乙酯4种化合物。希望研究结果可为不同等级食用酒精的客观辨别提供数据参考和理论支撑。

Changing patterns and survival improvements of young breast cancer in China and SEER database, 1999-2017

Objective: Breast cancer in young females was usually considered more aggressive and requires aggressive therapy. We investigated whether early detection and improved treatments changed the patterns of characteristics,management and outcomes of young breast cancer patients over time.Methods: Females under 40 years of age diagnosed with breast cancer during the periods 1999-2017 and1999-2015 were identified in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center(FUSCC) and the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results(SEER) registry, respectively. Clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment information were collected. Patients diagnosed before 2013 were followed up.Results: The proportions of young breast cancer patients were 15.0% and 5.3% in the FUSCC and SEER cohorts, respectively. In the FUSCC cohort, there was a significant increase in the proportion of ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)(from 8.8% to 16.9%;P<0.0001) and it remained stable in SEER cohort. The proportion of T1-stage tumors increased dramatically in the FUSCC cohort(from 35.3% to 41.9%;P=0.008), whereas it decreased in SEER cohort(from 42.4% to 33.0%;P<0.0001). The percentage of estrogen receptor(ER)-positive cancers was consistently increased in both the invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) and DCIS patients in the two cohorts. Breastconserving surgery and immediate implant reconstruction after mastectomy both exhibited increased use over time in the FUSCC cohort. Both the FUSCC and SEER cohorts showed a significantly better prognosis in the recent time period.Conclusions: With the increased early-stage and ER-positive diseases in young patients as well as better systemic treatment strategies, improved survival has been observed in recent years. There has been a substantial deescalation in surgical therapies in young breast cancer patients.

基于知识图谱的机器学习领域研究进展分析

文章以中国知网数据库中CSSCI收录文献作为数据源,利用Cite Space可视化软件绘制机构合作、关键词共现等方面的知识图谱,得到国内机器学习领域的研究现状及热点,并揭示机器学习研究领域所面临的问题,为该领域提出对后续研究具有一定的参考价值的建议。

Huqin Virtuoso Jiang Kemei

Keynotes flow from fingers, As if they were streams flowing from snow mountains,Gradually forming grand waterfalls,And spectacular rivers,Winding through gorges of thinking,Leaving all barriers far behind.Keynotes compose joy,Music recalls past glory.

Species diversity,taxonomy and phylogeny of Polyporaceae(Basidiomycota)in China

Polyporaceae is one of the most important families of Basidiomycota.Investigations on the species diversity,taxonomy and phylogeny of Polyporaceae in China are carried out.So far 217 species belonging to 42 genera are reported from China.Two new genera:Amylosporia gen.nov.and Murinicarpus gen.nov.,twelve new species:Coriolopsis dendriformis sp.nov.,C.hainanensis sp.nov.,Funalia cystidiata sp.nov.,Haploporus microsporus sp.nov.,Perenniporia citrinoalba sp.nov.,P.yinggelingensis sp.nov.,Picipes hainanensis sp.nov.,P.jiajinensis sp.nov.,P.pseudovarius sp.nov.,Trametes duplexa sp.nov.,T.ellipsoidea sp.nov.and T.stiptica sp.nov.,and six new combinations,Amylosporia hattorii comb.nov.,Hornodermoporus latissimus comb.nov.,Murinicarpus subadustus comb.nov.,Picipes pumilus comb.nov.,Vanderbylia delavayi comb.nov.and Vanderbylia robiniophila comb.nov.,are proposed.All the species are described based on the Chinese collections.Keys to genera of Polyporaceae occurring in China and keys to species of each genus are provided.This monograph provides a revised classification of Polyporaceae in China according to the modern taxonomy.The phylogeny of Polyporaceae from China are reconstructed based on DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)regions,the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene(nLSU),the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene(nSSU),the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences(mtSSU),the translation elongation factor 1-αgene(TEF1),theβ-tubulin gene(TBB1),the RNA polymerase II largest subunit(RPB1)and second largest subunit(RPB2)genes.In addition,full morphological descriptions,illustrations,color photographs,taxonomic notes,ecology and all the available sequences of Polyporaceae species found from China are provided.

Systematic classification and phylogenetic relationships of the brown‑rot fungi within the Polyporales

The brown-rot fungi play an important role in forest ecosystems;they can degrade celluloses and hemicelluloses of wood and maintain nutrient cycling.Some of the brown-rot fungi also have important economic value as medicinal or edible mushrooms.Recent studies showed that the ability to produce brown rot has evolved independently at least five times.Nevertheless,the Polyporales contains the vast majority of the species of the brown-rot fungi.In this study,the classification system of the brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales is revised.Furthermore,the phylogenetic relationships of brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales are analysed based on DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)regions,the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene(nLSU),the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene(nSSU),the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences(mtSSU),the translation elongation factor 1-αgene(TEF1),the RNA polymerase II largest subunit(RPB1)and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II(RPB2).The study showed that the brownrot fungi within the Polyporales formed fourteen lineages,which are assigned at family level,including four new families:Auriporiaceae,Piptoporellaceae,Postiaceae,Taiwanofungaceae,and ten existing families:Adustoporiaceae,Dacryobolaceae,Fibroporiaceae,Fomitopsidaceae,Laetiporaceae,Laricifomitaceae,Phaeolaceae,Pycnoporellaceae,Sarcoporiaceae,and Sparassidaceae.Meanwhile,eleven new genera,viz.,Austroporia,Aurantipostia,Austropostia,Daedalella,Nothofagiporus,Pseudoantrodia,Pseudofomitopsis,Rhodoantrodia,Tenuipostia,Wolfiporiella and Wolfiporiopsis are proposed;eighteen new species,viz.,Amyloporia nivea,Antrodia subheteromorpha,Aurantipostia macrospora,Austropostia hirsuta,A.plumbea,A.subpunctata,Cystidiopostia subhibernica,Daedalella micropora,Fuscopostia subfragilis,Lentoporia subcarbonica,Melanoporia tropica,Neolentiporus tropicus,Phaeolus fragilis,Postia crassicontexta,Pseudoantrodia monomitica,Pseudofomitopsis microcarpa,Resinoporia luteola and Rhodonia subrancida are described;and twelve new combinations,viz.,Austroporia stratosa,Austropostia brunnea,A.pelliculosa,A.punctata,Nothofagiporus venatus,Rhodoantrodia tropica,R.yunnanensis,Tenuipostia dissecta,Wolfiporiella cartilaginea,W.curvispora,W.dilatohypha and Wolfiporiopsis castanopsidis,are proposed.Illustrated descriptions of the new species are provided.Notes on the genera of brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales are provided.

Spatial distribution of phosphorus forms in sediments with different distances to the estuary of the Dianchi Lake,China

Effects of human activity on the distribution of phosphorus(P)forms were investigated for the sediments and porewaters in Daqinghe Estuary of Dianchi Lake,China.The concentrations of total P(TP),inorganic-P(IP),and organic-P(Org-P),and the ratio of iron-bound P(Fe-P)/calcium-bound P(Ca-P)in the sediments decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary.This is probably due to the flocculant materials,e.g.,ferric and aluminous salts,usually being added in the wastewater treatment processes.The concentration of ammonia in the sediment porewaters significantly decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary.Both concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrogen in the sediment porewaters decreased to some content with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary.However,the concentrations of nitrate,dissolved total P(DTP),and TP did not have strong relationship with the distances from the sampling sites to the estuary.Pollution load and water quantity also had an important influence on the concentrations of P in sediments and its interstitial water in estuary sedimentary area.