Epitaxial high-crystallization film semiconductor heterostructures has been proved to be an effective method to prepare single-crystal films for different functional devices in modern microelectronics,electro-optics,a...Epitaxial high-crystallization film semiconductor heterostructures has been proved to be an effective method to prepare single-crystal films for different functional devices in modern microelectronics,electro-optics,and optoelectronics.With superior semiconducting properties,halide perovskite materials are rising as building blocks for heterostructures.Here,the conformal vapor phase epitaxy of CsPbBr3 on PbS single-crystal films is realized to form the CsPbBr3/PbS heterostructures via a two-step vapor deposition process.The structural characterization reveals that PbS substrates and the epilayer CsPbBr3 have clear relationships:CsPbBr3(110)//PbS(100),CsPbBr3[001]//PbS[001]and CsPbBr3[001]//PbS[010].The absorption and photoluminescence(PL)characteristics of CsPbBr3/PbS heterostructures show the broadband light absorption and efficient photogenerated carrier transfer.Photodetectors based on the heterostructures show superior photoresponsivity of 15 A/W,high detectivity of 2.65×10^(11) Jones,fast response speed of 96 ms and obvious rectification behavior.Our study offers a convenient method for establishing the high-quality CsPbBr3/PbS single-crystal film heterostructures and providing an effective way for their application in optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Objective:Metabolic disorders are regarded as hallmarks of multiple myeloma(MM)and are responsible for rapid cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth.However,the exact biological roles of metabolites in MM cells hav...Objective:Metabolic disorders are regarded as hallmarks of multiple myeloma(MM)and are responsible for rapid cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth.However,the exact biological roles of metabolites in MM cells have not been fully explored.This study aimed to explore the feasibility and clinical significance of lactate for MM and investigate the molecular mechanism of lactic acid(Lac)in the proliferation of myeloma cells and cell sensitivity to bortezomib(BTZ).Methods:Metabolomic analysis of the serum was carried out to obtain metabolites expression and clinical characteristics in MM patients.The CCK8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cell cycle changes.Western blotting was used to detect the potential mechanism and apoptosis-and cycle-related protein changes.Results:Lactate was highly expressed in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow of MM patients.It was significantly correlated with Durie-Salmon Staging(DS Staging)and the International Staging System(ISS Staging)and the serum and urinary involved/uninvolved free light chain ratios.Patients with relatively high lactate levels had a poor treatment response.Moreover,in vitro experiments showed that Lac could promote the proliferation of tumor cells and decrease the proportion of G0/G1-phase cells,which was accompanied by an increased proportion of S-phase cells.In addition,Lac could decrease tumor sensitivity to BTZ by disrupting the expression of nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2(NFκB2)and Re1B.Conclusion:Metabolic changes are important in MM cell proliferation and treatment response;lactate could be used as a biomarker in MM and as a therapeutic target to overcome cell resistance to BTZ.展开更多
Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnetic(SAF) systems have attracted much attention in recent years due to their superior stability, high-speed mobility, and completely compensated skyrmion Hall effect. They are promi...Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnetic(SAF) systems have attracted much attention in recent years due to their superior stability, high-speed mobility, and completely compensated skyrmion Hall effect. They are promising building blocks for the next generation of magnetic storage and computing devices with ultra-low energy and ultra-high density.Here, we theoretically investigate the motion of a skyrmion in an SAF bilayer racetrack and find the velocity of a skyrmion can be controlled jointly by the edge effect and the driving force induced by the spin current. Furthermore, we propose a logic gate that can realize different logic functions of logic AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR gates. Several effects including the spin–orbit torque, the skyrmion Hall effect, skyrmion–skyrmion repulsion, and skyrmion–edge interaction are considered in this design. Our work may provide a way to utilize the SAF skyrmion as a versatile information carrier for future energy-efficient logic gates.展开更多
Computed tomography has made significant advances since its intro-duction in the early 1970s,where researchers have mainly focused on the quality of image reconstruction in the early stage.However,radiation exposure p...Computed tomography has made significant advances since its intro-duction in the early 1970s,where researchers have mainly focused on the quality of image reconstruction in the early stage.However,radiation exposure poses a health risk,prompting the demand of the lowest possible dose when carrying out CT examinations.To acquire high-quality reconstruction images with low dose radiation,CT reconstruction techniques have evolved from conventional reconstruction such as analytical and iterative reconstruction,to reconstruction methods based on artificial intelligence(AI).All these efforts are devoted to con-structing high-quality images using only low doses with fast reconstruction speed.In particular,conventional reconstruction methods usually optimize one aspect,while AI-based reconstruction has finally managed to attain all goals in one shot.However,there are limitations such as the requirements on large datasets,unstable performance,and weak generalizability in AI-based reconstruction methods.This work presents the review and discussion on the classification,the commercial use,the advantages,and the limitations of AI-based image reconstruction methods in CT.展开更多
为实现冬小麦条锈病早期探测、提高冬小麦产量和品质,研究了日光诱导叶绿素荧光(Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence,SIF)对冬小麦条锈病早期探测的可行性。基于3波段夫琅和费暗线(3-band Fraunhofer line discrimination,3FLD)和...为实现冬小麦条锈病早期探测、提高冬小麦产量和品质,研究了日光诱导叶绿素荧光(Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence,SIF)对冬小麦条锈病早期探测的可行性。基于3波段夫琅和费暗线(3-band Fraunhofer line discrimination,3FLD)和反射率荧光指数2种方法提取了冠层SIF数据,计算了对小麦条锈病敏感的光谱指数(Spectral index,SI),通过相关性分析优选了遥感探测小麦条锈病早期的特征参量,利用偏最小二乘(Partial least squares,PLS)算法构建冬小麦条锈病早期光谱探测模型。研究结果表明:O2-A波段的荧光强度(SIF-A)以及反射率荧光指数ρ440/ρ690、ρ675ρ690/ρ2683、ρ690/ρ655、ρ690/ρ600、DλP/D744、D705/D722均与小麦条锈病早期病情指数(Disease index,DI)达到了极显著相关,相关系数分别为-0.793、-0.523、-0.539、-0.497、0.541、0.446、0.490,可作为冬小麦条锈病早期光谱探测的荧光特征参量;基于3组SIF数据构建的PLS-SIF检验模型的决定系数分别为0.801、0.772、0.807,均方根误差分别为3.3%、3.1%、3.2%,较反射率光谱指数构建的SI-PLS模型决定系数至少提高了27%,均方根误差至少减少了24%。因此,冠层SIF数据更适于冬小麦条锈病的早期探测。本研究结果对及时进行冬小麦条锈病防控具有重要应用价值,可为利用卫星荧光遥感数据对小麦条锈病早期大面积、无损探测提供参考依据。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11704389)Scientific Equipment Development Project and Youth Innovation Promotion Association Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Epitaxial high-crystallization film semiconductor heterostructures has been proved to be an effective method to prepare single-crystal films for different functional devices in modern microelectronics,electro-optics,and optoelectronics.With superior semiconducting properties,halide perovskite materials are rising as building blocks for heterostructures.Here,the conformal vapor phase epitaxy of CsPbBr3 on PbS single-crystal films is realized to form the CsPbBr3/PbS heterostructures via a two-step vapor deposition process.The structural characterization reveals that PbS substrates and the epilayer CsPbBr3 have clear relationships:CsPbBr3(110)//PbS(100),CsPbBr3[001]//PbS[001]and CsPbBr3[001]//PbS[010].The absorption and photoluminescence(PL)characteristics of CsPbBr3/PbS heterostructures show the broadband light absorption and efficient photogenerated carrier transfer.Photodetectors based on the heterostructures show superior photoresponsivity of 15 A/W,high detectivity of 2.65×10^(11) Jones,fast response speed of 96 ms and obvious rectification behavior.Our study offers a convenient method for establishing the high-quality CsPbBr3/PbS single-crystal film heterostructures and providing an effective way for their application in optoelectronic devices.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070208)the Military Clinical Medical Innovation Project of Xinqiao Hospital(No.2021JSLC0003)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2020jcyjmsxmX0433)the Translational Research Grant of NCRCH(Nos.2020ZKZC02,2021WWB05)the Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project(Nos.2021MSXM226,2023QNXM047).
文摘Objective:Metabolic disorders are regarded as hallmarks of multiple myeloma(MM)and are responsible for rapid cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth.However,the exact biological roles of metabolites in MM cells have not been fully explored.This study aimed to explore the feasibility and clinical significance of lactate for MM and investigate the molecular mechanism of lactic acid(Lac)in the proliferation of myeloma cells and cell sensitivity to bortezomib(BTZ).Methods:Metabolomic analysis of the serum was carried out to obtain metabolites expression and clinical characteristics in MM patients.The CCK8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cell cycle changes.Western blotting was used to detect the potential mechanism and apoptosis-and cycle-related protein changes.Results:Lactate was highly expressed in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow of MM patients.It was significantly correlated with Durie-Salmon Staging(DS Staging)and the International Staging System(ISS Staging)and the serum and urinary involved/uninvolved free light chain ratios.Patients with relatively high lactate levels had a poor treatment response.Moreover,in vitro experiments showed that Lac could promote the proliferation of tumor cells and decrease the proportion of G0/G1-phase cells,which was accompanied by an increased proportion of S-phase cells.In addition,Lac could decrease tumor sensitivity to BTZ by disrupting the expression of nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2(NFκB2)and Re1B.Conclusion:Metabolic changes are important in MM cell proliferation and treatment response;lactate could be used as a biomarker in MM and as a therapeutic target to overcome cell resistance to BTZ.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51771127,52171188,and 52111530143)the Central Government Funds of Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development for Sichuan Province,China (Grant No.2021ZYD0025)+7 种基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant No.JP22F22061)support from Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2021B1515120047)Guangdong Special Support Project (Grant No.2019BT02X030)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Fund (Grant No.JCYJ20210324120213037)Shenzhen Peacock Group Plan (No.KQTD20180413181702403)Pearl River Recruitment Program of Talents (Grant No.2017GC010293)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11974298 and 61961136006)support from the Grantsin-Aid Scientific Research from JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Nos.JP20F20363,JP21H01364,and JP21K18872)。
文摘Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnetic(SAF) systems have attracted much attention in recent years due to their superior stability, high-speed mobility, and completely compensated skyrmion Hall effect. They are promising building blocks for the next generation of magnetic storage and computing devices with ultra-low energy and ultra-high density.Here, we theoretically investigate the motion of a skyrmion in an SAF bilayer racetrack and find the velocity of a skyrmion can be controlled jointly by the edge effect and the driving force induced by the spin current. Furthermore, we propose a logic gate that can realize different logic functions of logic AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR gates. Several effects including the spin–orbit torque, the skyrmion Hall effect, skyrmion–skyrmion repulsion, and skyrmion–edge interaction are considered in this design. Our work may provide a way to utilize the SAF skyrmion as a versatile information carrier for future energy-efficient logic gates.
基金This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC2003400)Qiang Ni’s work was funded by the UK EPSRC project under grant number EP/K011693/1.
文摘Computed tomography has made significant advances since its intro-duction in the early 1970s,where researchers have mainly focused on the quality of image reconstruction in the early stage.However,radiation exposure poses a health risk,prompting the demand of the lowest possible dose when carrying out CT examinations.To acquire high-quality reconstruction images with low dose radiation,CT reconstruction techniques have evolved from conventional reconstruction such as analytical and iterative reconstruction,to reconstruction methods based on artificial intelligence(AI).All these efforts are devoted to con-structing high-quality images using only low doses with fast reconstruction speed.In particular,conventional reconstruction methods usually optimize one aspect,while AI-based reconstruction has finally managed to attain all goals in one shot.However,there are limitations such as the requirements on large datasets,unstable performance,and weak generalizability in AI-based reconstruction methods.This work presents the review and discussion on the classification,the commercial use,the advantages,and the limitations of AI-based image reconstruction methods in CT.
文摘为实现冬小麦条锈病早期探测、提高冬小麦产量和品质,研究了日光诱导叶绿素荧光(Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence,SIF)对冬小麦条锈病早期探测的可行性。基于3波段夫琅和费暗线(3-band Fraunhofer line discrimination,3FLD)和反射率荧光指数2种方法提取了冠层SIF数据,计算了对小麦条锈病敏感的光谱指数(Spectral index,SI),通过相关性分析优选了遥感探测小麦条锈病早期的特征参量,利用偏最小二乘(Partial least squares,PLS)算法构建冬小麦条锈病早期光谱探测模型。研究结果表明:O2-A波段的荧光强度(SIF-A)以及反射率荧光指数ρ440/ρ690、ρ675ρ690/ρ2683、ρ690/ρ655、ρ690/ρ600、DλP/D744、D705/D722均与小麦条锈病早期病情指数(Disease index,DI)达到了极显著相关,相关系数分别为-0.793、-0.523、-0.539、-0.497、0.541、0.446、0.490,可作为冬小麦条锈病早期光谱探测的荧光特征参量;基于3组SIF数据构建的PLS-SIF检验模型的决定系数分别为0.801、0.772、0.807,均方根误差分别为3.3%、3.1%、3.2%,较反射率光谱指数构建的SI-PLS模型决定系数至少提高了27%,均方根误差至少减少了24%。因此,冠层SIF数据更适于冬小麦条锈病的早期探测。本研究结果对及时进行冬小麦条锈病防控具有重要应用价值,可为利用卫星荧光遥感数据对小麦条锈病早期大面积、无损探测提供参考依据。
