金沙江下游梯级联合调度对川渝河段防洪效果评价

金沙江下游四级梯级水库联合调度为长江川渝河段提供了防洪安全保障,对其防洪调度效果进行评价,可以科学衡量与评估川渝河段防洪调度效果,促进流域洪水资源化利用。基于金下四级联合防洪调度方案,建立防洪、发电、生态和航运4个准则下的评价指标体系,采用改进的层次分析法和熵权法,构建川渝河段梯级水库防洪调度效果评价模型,综合考虑防洪和兴利效益,评估不同来水频率和不同起调水位的梯级水库防洪调度效果;对比溪-向两库联合调度与金下四级联合调度效果,分析乌东德、白鹤滩水库建成投产对于川渝河段防洪调度及洪水资源化利用的综合效果。结果表明:①随着乌-白两库起调水位升高,金下四级防洪调度效果系数呈现先升高后降低的趋势。②对于20,30,50 a一遇和100 a一遇洪水,乌东德和白鹤滩水库分别从(965 m和795 m)、(975 m和790 m)、(955 m和790 m)、(952 m和795 m)起调时,金下四级防洪调度效果系数最大,梯级水库联合防洪调度方案最优。③乌东德、白鹤滩水库建成投产后,川渝河段洪水资源化利用效果提升。研究成果可用于多功能、多保护对象的梯级水库防洪调度效果评价,为地区防洪调度决策提供依据。

Multiple-dimensioned defect engineering for graphite felt electrode of vanadium redox flow battery

The scarcity of wettability,insufficient active sites,and low surface area of graphite felt(GF)have long been suppressing the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs).Herein,an ultra-homogeneous multipledimensioned defect,including nano-scale etching and atomic-scale N,O codoping,was used to modify GF by the molten salt system.NH_(4)Cl and KClO_(3) were added simultaneously to the system to obtain porous N/O co-doped electrode(GF/ON),where KClO_(3) was used to ultra-homogeneously etch,and O-functionalize electrode,and NH4Cl was used as N dopant,respectively.GF/ON presents better electrochemical catalysis for VO_(2)+/VO_(2)+ and V3+/V2+ reactions than only O-functionalized electrodes(GF/O)and GF.The enhanced electrochemical properties are attributed to an increase in active sites,surface area,and wettability,as well as the synergistic effect of N and O,which is also supported by the density functional theory calculations.Further,the cell using GF/ON shows higher discharge capacity,energy efficiency,and stability for cycling performance than the pristine cell at 140 mA cm^(−2) for 200 cycles.Moreover,the energy efficiency of the modified cell is increased by 9.7% from 55.2% for the pristine cell at 260 mA cm^(−2).Such an ultra-homogeneous etching with N and O co-doping through“boiling”molten salt medium provides an effective and practical application potential way to prepare superior electrodes for VRFB.

Regulating interfacial behavior of zinc metal anode via metal-organic framework functionalized separator

Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are one of the promising energy storage devices.However,uncontrolled dendrite and side reactions have seriously hindered its further application.In this study,the metal-organic framework(MOF)functionalized glass fiber separator(GF-PFC-31)was used to regulate interfacial behavior of zinc metal anode,enabling the development of high-performance AZIBs.In PFC-31,there areπ-πinteractions between two adjacent benzene rings with a spacing of 3.199 A.This spacing can block the passage of[Zn(H_(2)O)_6]^(2+)(8.6 A in diameter)through the GF-PFC-31 separator to a certain extent,which promotes the deposition process of Zn ions.In addition,the sulfonic acid group(-S03H)contained in GF-PFC-31 can form a hydrogen bonding network with H_(2)O,which can provide a desolvation effect and reduce the side reaction.Consequently,GF-PFC-31 separator achieves uniform deposition of Zn ions.The Zn‖GF-PFC-31‖Zn symmetric cell exhibits stable cycle life(3000 h at 1.2 mA cm^(-2),2000 h at 0.3 mA cm^(-2),and 2000 h at 5.0 mA cm^(-2)),and Zn‖GF-PFC-31‖MnO_(2) full cell with GF-PFC-31 separator can cycle for 1000 cycles at 1.2 A g^(-1)with capacity retention rate of 82.5%.This work provides a promising method to achieve high-performance AZIBs.

Stabilizing zinc anode using zeolite imidazole framework functionalized separator for durable aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) hold great promise as a viable alternative to lithium-ion batteries owing to their high energy density and environmental friendliness.However,AZIBs are consistently plagued by the formation of zinc dendrites and concurrent side reactions,which significantly diminish their overall service life,In this study,the glass fiber separator(GF) is modified using zeolite imidazole salt framework-8(ZIF-8),enabling the development of efficient AZIBs.ZIF-8,which is abundant in nitrogen content,efficiently regulates the desolvation of [Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+) to inhibit hydrogen production.Moreover,it possesses abundant nanochannels that facilitate the uniform deposition of Zn~(2+) via a localized action,thereby hindering the formation of dendrites.The insulating properties of ZIF-8 help prevent Zn^(2+) and water from trapping electron reduction at the layer surface,which reduces corrosion of the zinc anode.Consequently,ZIF-8-GF achieves the even transport of Zn^(2+) and regulates the homogeneous deposition along the Zn(002) crystal surface,thus significantly enhancing the electrochemical performance of the AZIBs,In particular,the Zn|Zn symmetric cell with the ZIF-8-GF separator delivers a stable cycle life at0.5 mA cm^(-2) of 2300 h.The Zn|ZIF-8-GF|MnO_(2) cell exhibits reduced voltage polarization while maintaining a capacity retention rate(93.4%) after 1200 cycles at 1.2 A g^(-1) The unique design of the modified diaphragm provides a new approach to realizing high-performance AZIBs.

Is Escalated Radiation Dose in Definitive Chemoradiotherapy Better for Inoperable Esophageal Carcinoma? A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the survival benefits between different total radiation doses in definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) for inoperable esophageal carcinoma (EC) based on modern radiotherapy techniques. Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science. All studies published prior to November 30, 2022, comparing radiation dose and disease-related outcomes in EC patients. The hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) were used to describe the risk of outcomes and toxicities. Results: Seven prospective trials involving 1124EC patients were enrolled for analyses. The results revealed that the effect on overall survival (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.85 - 1.16, P = 0.94), local progression-free survival (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.58 - 1.17, P = 0.29), local regional progression-free survival (HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.76 - 1.17, P = 0.61), progression-free survival (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.71 - 1.13, P = 0.35) was similar in the high-dose and standard-dose groups. Additionally, a high radiation dose exhibited a potential disadvantage in respiratory toxicities when compared with a standard dose (4.8% vs 2.2%, OR 2.11, P = 0.06). Conclusions: The efficacy of the HD group (≥60 Gy) and the SD group (approximately 50 Gy) for inoperable local advanced EC was similar. However, the HD group exhibited a high radiation dose exhibited a potential disadvantage in respiratory toxicities when compared with a standard dose. Simultaneously, the final results of several ongoing prospective trials regarding the optimal radiation dose in dCRT are awaited.

两种新型多功能人工晶状体矫正老视的疗效比较

目的:比较双焦点人工晶状体(AtLisa tri 809MP)与三焦点人工晶状体(AtLisa tri 839MP)植入术后矫正老视疗效的差异。方法:纳入于我院行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的患者共40例51眼进行分析,其中A组20例25眼植入809MP双焦点人工晶状体,B组20例26眼植入839MP三焦点人工晶状体。收集两组患者术后3mo时远中近视力数值、离焦曲线分析,并通过满意度调查问卷进行统计分析。结果:术后3mo两组裸眼远视力与最佳矫正视力均无差异(P>0.05);中距离视力(80cm)B组显著优于A组(P<0.01);近距离视力改善程度A组、B组无差异(P>0.05)。术后3mo离焦曲线结果A组在0、-3D处形成2个波峰;B组在0、-2.5D处形成2个波峰;两组患者术后均有不同程度的眩光、光晕等表现,但总体满意度较高,视近满意度较高。结论:两种类型人工晶状体均可以为患者提供兼顾远、近的全程视力,术后近距离视物脱镜率高,均可提高良好的近距离视力,三焦点人工晶状体中距离视力更好。

金沙江下游梯级水库群协同防洪调度策略研究

2021年起,金沙江下游乌东德、白鹤滩水电站相继建成投产,在提升了长江流域防洪能力和洪水资源化利用水平的同时,也对新形势下梯级水库群调度决策带来了新的挑战。对金沙江下游梯级水库群协同防洪时的调度策略展开研究,统筹防洪安全和发电效益,提出了不同来水条件下梯级水库群协同防洪调度的具体策略。结果表明:在面向川渝河段进行防洪调度时,若金沙江下游来水较小,可依据中长期预报来水情况,优先启用乌东德或溪洛渡水库拦蓄洪水;若金沙江下游来水较大,则建议乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡水库按照三库剩余防洪库容比例进行同步拦蓄,使各库泄流能力尽量均衡。此外,为确保金沙江下游梯级水库群打捆运用的灵活性和可靠性,向家坝水库应预留约5亿m^(3)库容用于拦蓄乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡水库三库拦蓄后的多余洪量及溪洛渡-向家坝区间洪量。研究成果可以在确保防洪安全的前提下提升水库群汛期发电效益,为提升梯级水库群调度决策科学水平提供关键技术支撑。

免疫检查点抑制剂致孤立性促肾上腺皮质激素缺乏症患者的临床特征分析

目的:探讨免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)导致孤立性促肾上腺皮质激素缺乏症(isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency,IAD)患者的临床特征,为早期发现ICIs导致的内分泌免疫相关不良事件提供理论依据。方法:通过截至2022年7月检索万方、维普、中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library数据库,共纳入文献54篇,收集的70例患者中男性51例、女性19例,年龄为34~87岁,平均年龄(64.17±11.33)岁,收集使用ICIs导致IAD患者的临床资料进行统计学分析。结果:与IAD最相关的肿瘤类型为非小细胞肺癌35.7%(25/70),其次为恶性黑色素瘤24.3%(17/70)。最常见导致IAD的ICIs为程序性细胞死亡-1(programmed cell death-1,PD-1)抑制剂87.1%(61/70)。使用PD-1、程序性细胞死亡-1配体(programmed cell death-ligand 1,PD-L1)、PD-1联合细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原-4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4,CTLA-4)抑制剂诊断IAD的中位时间分别为180.0、364.0、87.5天。IAD患者最常见的实验室指标异常为低钠血症、嗜酸性粒细胞升高。IAD患者行糖皮质激素替代治疗后临床症状均得到改善。结论:PD-1联合CTLA-4抑制剂导致IAD的发生时间最短,ICIs治疗过程中及停药后均需监测皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素水平,使用ICIs治疗的患者,尤其是男性患者,若出现低钠血症、嗜酸性粒细胞升高,需警惕IAD的可能性。

Rapamycin reverses ferroptosis by increasing autophagy in MPTP/MPP+-induced models of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder,and fe rroptosis plays a significant role in the pathological mechanism underlying Parkinson’s disease.Rapamycin,an autophagy inducer,has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s disease.However,the link between rapamycin and ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease is not entirely clear.In this study,rapamycin was administe red to a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse model and a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced Parkinson’s disease PC12 cell model.The results showed that rapamycin improved the behavioral symptoms of Parkinson’s disease model mice,reduced the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta,and reduced the expression of ferroptosis-related indicators(glutathione peroxidase 4,recombinant solute carrier family 7,member 11,glutathione,malondialdehyde,and reactive oxygen species).In the Parkinson’s disease cell model,rapamycin improved cell viability and reduced ferro ptosis.The neuroprotective effect of rapamycin was attenuated by a ferroptosis inducer(methyl(1S,3R)-2-(2-chloroacetyl)-1-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-1,3,4,9-tetrahyyridoindole-3-carboxylate)and an autophagy inhibitor(3-methyladenine).Inhibiting ferro ptosis by activating autophagy may be an important mechanism by which rapamycin exerts its neuroprotective effects.Therefo re,the regulation of ferroptosis and autophagy may provide a therapeutic target for drug treatments in Parkinson’s disease.

作业数据驱动的大规模因材施教——上海市闵行区“智慧教育示范区”创建实践

在“智慧教育示范区”创建和基础教育数字化转型的大背景下,为了打造优质均衡的教育体系,满足每个学生的发展需求,上海市闵行区在区域层面构建了区校两级作业系统,梳理了作业业务的构成要素,对作业业务各个环节进行量化。通过伴随式采集数据,形成区域作业数据驱动大规模因材施教的模型,并将知识状态追踪模型、学科核心能力评价模型、学习品质模型、学生综合画像模型等四个模型作为子模型。通过模型应用,开展基于知识状态的个性化辅导、学习策略和学习意志力的分层教学、学习投入的分层教学等实践,形成通过作业数据发掘差异的新路径。基于区域探索性数据分析,证明通过作业数据可以发掘学生的“材”,且发掘的结果既符合教师已有经验,又能弥补经验的不足。经实践证明,精准“施教”具有可行性,可为数据驱动的大规模因材施教提供参考。

Selective laser trabeculoplasty as adjunctive treatment for open-angle glaucoma vs following incisional glaucoma surgery in Chinese eyes

BACKGROUND Selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)is a relatively safe and effective therapy in lowering intraocular pressures(IOP)for glaucoma.AIM To study the long-term effects of SLT on IOP and number of glaucoma medications used in Chinese eyes.METHODS This is a retrospective study in which 75 eyes of 70 patients with open-angle glaucoma(OAG,n=36)and eyes with prior glaucoma surgery(PGS,n=39)were included.Changes in mean IOP and number of glaucoma medications used evaluated at 1 d,1 wk,1 mo,3 mo,6 mo,12 mo,and 36 mo after laser treatment.RESULTS All patients(33 male,37 female)were Chinese.The mean age was 44.34±16.14years.Mean pre-SLT IOP was 22.75±2.08 mmHg in OAG and 22.52±2.62 mmHg in PGS.Mean IOP was significantly reduced 1 d,1 wk,1 mo and 3 mo after laser treatment(P<0.05,respectively).Whereas,there were no significant differences between baseline and SLT treated groups at the 6th month both in OAG(P=0.347,P>0.05)and in PGS(P=0.309,P>0.05).Six months after SLT treatment,some patients received retreatment of SLT or were given more topical IOP-lowering medication to control the IOP.By the end of our study,the average IOP decreased to 20.73±1.82 mmHg in OAG and 20.49±1.53 mmHg in PGS groups.The number of glaucoma medications used was significantly reduced until the end of 3 years compared to baseline.CONCLUSION SLT could reduce IOP as adjunctive treatment both in OAG and PGS groups.SLT significantly reduced the number of glaucoma medications used 3-years following treatment in glaucoma patients.

巨噬细胞抑制因子1在非小细胞肺癌诊断及靶向治疗疗效预测中的临床价值

目的探讨巨噬细胞抑制因子1(MIC-1)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)诊断及靶向治疗疗效预测中的应用价值。方法选取2013年1月-2015年1月该院收治的Ⅲb期、Ⅳ期NSCLC患者94例、肺部良性疾病78例及体检健康者70例分别作为NSCLC组、良性组及对照组,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附实验检测MIC-1水平。NSCLC组均接受靶向治疗,单因素和多因素Cox回归分析NSCLC组中位生存时间的影响因素。结果 NSCLC组血清MIC-1水平高于良性组和对照组,且良性组高于对照组(P<0.05);NSCLC组不同TNM分期的MIC-1水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同年龄、性别、靶向治疗方案及表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NSCLC组均接受靶向治疗,治疗3和5个月MIC-1水平均较治疗前和治疗1个月降低(P<0.05);治疗前,治疗1、3及5个月组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗5个月时,治疗有效率32.98%;Kaplan-Meier法估计生存率,NSCLC组中位生存时间(MST)为17.9个月。以1 390 pg/ml为临界值,将其分为MIC-1≤1 390 pg/ml组(59例)和MIC-1>1 390 pg/ml组(35例),两组3年生存率分别为33.90%和14.29%(P<0.05)。Cox回归分析显示,TNM分期、EGFR基因突变及MIC-1水平是影响NSCLC组MST的危险因素。结论血清MIC-1水平与Ⅲb期、Ⅳ期NSCLC组TNM分期和靶向治疗效果有关,可用于预测患者预后。

连续视程与三焦点人工晶状体植入术后视觉质量的比较

目的:比较Tecnis Symfony连续视程人工晶状体与Zeiss三焦点人工晶状体(At Lisa tri 839MP)植入术后患者视觉质量的差异。方法:选取2019-01/2020-12于我院行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的患者42例53眼,其中A组22例29眼植入Tecnis Symfony连续视程人工晶状体,B组20例24眼植入Zeiss三焦点人工晶状体。观察两组患者术后3mo时远中近视力,绘制离焦曲线,并评估生活质量,记录并发症发生情况。结果:术后3mo,两组患者视力均明显改善,两组患者裸眼远(5m)、中(80cm)距离视力及最佳矫正远距离视力(5m)无差异(均P>0.05),但B组患者裸眼中(60cm)、近(40cm)距离视力优于A组(均P<0.05)。术后3mo绘制离焦曲线示A组在+1.0~-2.0D段跨度平稳形成平台期;B组在0、-2.5D处形成两个波峰;0D处两组远视力无显著差异(P>0.05),-2.5、-3.5D处B组近视力显著优于A组(均P<0.01)。两组患者术后脱镜率均在90%以上,均出现不同程度眩光、光晕等光学现象,但生活质量总体满意度较高,A组阅读速度明显高于B组,且夜间视物满意度较高(均P<0.05)。结论:两种类型人工晶状体植入术后脱镜率均在90%以上,可为患者提供兼顾远、中、近的全程视力,Symfony连续视程人工晶状体植入术后流畅阅读及夜间视物满意度较高;Zeiss三焦点人工晶状体植入术后近距离视力更好,更适合近距离工作者。

连续视程IOL植入术后患者主观视觉质量及阅读能力的临床观察

目的:比较双眼及单眼植入Tecnis Symfony连续视程人工晶状体(IOL)术后患者主观视觉质量、阅读流畅性及术后满意度的差异。方法:对我院48例71眼行白内障超声乳化吸除联合IOL植入术的患者进行回顾性分析,根据植入IOL类型不同分为2组,其中23例46眼双眼植入Symfony IOL为双眼组,25例25眼一眼植入Symfony IOL,另一眼植入非球面单焦点IOL为单眼组。收集两组患者术后3、6mo远、中、近距离视力数据、对比敏感度、术后阅读流畅性、阅读速度及患者满意度调查,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果:术后3mo,单眼组植入Symfony IOL眼的裸眼远距离视力(UDVA)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)与植入单焦点IOL眼比较无差异(P>0.05)。术后6mo时单眼及双眼植入Symfony IOL患者UDVA均较术前显著提高,平均视力达到0.1以下(LogMAR视力),两组间无差异(P>0.05)。组间比较UDVA、BCVA、裸眼中距离视力(UIVA)、裸眼近距离视力(UNVA)均无差异(P>0.05)。术后6mo两组患者在明视、暗视及暗视眩光状态下各空间频率对比敏感度比较均无差异(P>0.05)。两组患者术后6mo远中近距离视物满意度较高;双眼组中近距离流畅阅读满意度高于单眼组(P<0.05);双眼组阅读速度略高于单眼组,但组间比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:双眼及单眼植入Symfony连续视程IOL均可为患者提供兼顾远、中、近的全程视力,术后脱镜率均在90%以上,包容性及可预测性好,术后中距离流畅阅读及满意度较高,更适合中距离工作的患者。

受阻酚/丁腈橡胶体系的阻尼性能及分子动力学模拟

以实验与分子动力学模拟方法相结合,研究了受阻酚/丁腈橡胶体系(AO-60/NBR、AO-70/NBR、AO-80/NBR)的氢键网络结构与阻尼性能之间的量化关系。红外光谱结果表明三体系中均存在分子间和分子内2种类型氢键;变温红外测试结果和高温下径向分布函数的变化分析表明分子间氢键的强度大小顺序为:AO-80/NBR>AO-70/NBR>AO-60/NBR。分子模拟所得氢键网络结构与动态力学热分析数据表明,3种体系中分子间氢键数量对阻尼性能的影响趋势相似。分子间氢键数量的增加导致分子间相互作用增大,自由体积分数降低,分子链堆砌更紧密,因而断键与成键过程中耗能增大,阻尼性能得以提升。线性回归分析中,体系的结合能与阻尼性能线性相关(R2=0.95),证明分子间氢键是提高阻尼性能的主要因素。这一系列研究将对高阻尼橡胶复合材料的研制提供一定的参考数据和理论指导。

90例结直肠癌中前列腺特异性膜抗原的表达研究

目的:探讨结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)患者中前列腺特异性膜抗原(prostate-specific membrane antigen,PSMA)的表达及临床病理影响因素。方法:选取90例CRC患者的组织切片,应用免疫组织化学检测癌组织和癌旁正常组织的PSMA、血管标志蛋白CD31的表达水平,并对PSMA的表达水平与CRC临床病理因素的关系进行分析。结果:PSMA在正常结直肠组织中免疫组织化学染色为阴性,在CRC组织中有较高比例免疫组织化学染色。但染色阳性部位不在肿瘤细胞,而是在肿瘤新生血管内皮细胞,总染色率为76.7%。PSMA染色评分在不同年龄及组织学类型中具有显著性差异,高年龄组(≥60岁)及普通型腺癌组的PSMA染色评分更高(P<0.05)。结论:PSMA在90例CRC患者中高比例表达,表达部位为肿瘤新生血管内皮细胞,与部分临床病理因素有关,可能成为CRC诊断及治疗的特异性标志物。

双特异探针技术早期检测先天性白内障晶状体蛋白突变基因的研究

目的:利用DNA探针杂交技术,结合显色探针技术建立一种新型、高灵敏的免疫检测体系,用于早期先天性白内障的筛查。方法:选取3个常染色体显性遗传的先天性白内障家系中患者14例,取静脉血并提取mR NA,建立CRYAB的捕获探针及显色探针。利用DNA探针,通过碱基配对原则形成三明治结构(捕获探针-DNA探针-显色探针)检测入选者的血样。1家系6例患者静脉血利用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测αB-晶状体蛋白。结果:最佳条件下,双特异探针技术可检测到最低浓度的先天性白内障晶状体蛋白的突变基因,各突变位点检测率为99.5%～99.7%;ELISA法检测样本αB-晶状体蛋白上调,阳性率为85.9%。双特异探针技术敏感性更高,检测位点更多,ELISA法仅局限于蛋白检测水平,精确性不高。结论:双特异探针检测技术操作简单,灵敏度高,可重复性高,经济实惠,在临床上用于产前诊断、优生优育具有重要的应用价值。

亭子口水利枢纽汛期运行水位动态控制策略研究

亭子口水利枢纽是嘉陵江干流唯一的控制性工程,汛期由于运行水位受限,存在电站机组出力受阻、弃水较多等问题,其综合效益尚未得到充分发挥。基于预报预泄的原则,结合水文预报水平和洪水传播时间等因素,提出了亭子口水库主汛期运行水位动态控制策略,明确了动态控制的运用方式和实施条件,并对亭子口水库汛期运行水位动态控制后的风险和效益进行了分析。结果表明:亭子口水库汛期运行水位上浮至448.00~452.00 m时,不仅可以通过预报预泄确保库区及下游的防洪安全,主汛期还可增发电量0.64亿~1.37亿kW·h,汛末蓄满率可提高6%左右。研究成果可有效提升亭子口水库洪水资源化利用水平。

Electroacupuncture and moxibustion promote regeneration of injured sciatic nerve through Schwann cell proliferation and nerve growth factor secretion

Using electroacupuncture and moxibustion to treat peripheral nerve injury is highly efficient with low side effects. However, the electroacupuncture-and moxibustion-based mechanisms underlying nerve repair are still unclear. Here, in vivo and in vitro experiments uncovered one mechanism through which electroacupuncture and moxibustion affect regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. We first established rat models of sciatic nerve injury using neurotomy. Rats were treated with electroacupuncture or moxibustion at acupoints Huantiao （GB30） and Zusanli （ST36）. Each treatment lasted 15 minutes, and treatments were given six times a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Behavioral testing was used to determine the sciatic functional index. We used electrophysiological detection to measure sciatic nerve conduction velocity and performed hematoxylin-eosin staining to determine any changes in the gastrocnemius muscle. We used immunohistochemistry to observe changes in the expression of S100—a specific marker for Schwann cells—and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect serum level of nerve growth factor. Results showed that compared with the model-only group, sciatic functional index, recovery rate of conduction velocity, diameter recovery of the gastrocnemius muscle fibers, number of S100-immunoreactive cells,and level of nerve growth factor were greater in the electroacupuncture and moxibustion groups. The efficacy did not differ between treatment groups. The serum from treated rats was collected and used to stimulate Schwann cells cultured in vitro. Results showed that the viability of Schwann cells was much higher in the treatment groups than in the model group at 3 and 5 days after treatment. These findings indicate that electroacupuncture and moxibustion promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery; its mechanism might be associated with the enhancement of Schwann cell proliferation and upregulation of nerve growth factor.

Inhibition of RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway suppresses the expression of extracellular matrix induced by CTGF or TGF-β in ARPE-19

AIM:To investigate the role of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y27632, in mediating the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components including fibronectin, matrix metallo-proteinase-2 (MMP-2) and type I collagen as induced by connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) or transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE-19. METHODS:The effect of Y27632 on the CTGF or TGF-β induced phenotype in ARPE-19 cells was measured with immunocytochemistry as the change in F-actin. ARPE-19 cells were treated with CTGF (1, 10, 100ng/mL)and TGF-β (10ng/mL) in serum free media, and analyzed for fibronectin, laminin, and MMP-2 and type I collagen by RT-qPCR and immunocytochemistry. Cells were also pretreated with an ROCK inhibitor, Y27632, to analyze the signaling contributing to ECM production. ·RESULTS:Treatment of ARPE-19 cells in culture with TGF-β or CTGF induced an ECM change from a cobblestone morphology to a more elongated swirl pattern indicating a mesenchymal phenotype. RT-qPCR analysis and different gene expression analysis demonstrated an upregulation in expression of genes associated with cytoskeletal structure and motility. CTGFor TGF-β significantly increased expression of fibronectin mRNA (P =0.006, P =0.003 respectively), laminin mRNA (P =0.006, P =0.005), MMP-2 mRNA (P =0.006, P =0.001), COL1A1 mRNA (P =0.001, P =0.001), COL1A2 mRNA (P = 0.001, P =0.001). Preincubation of ARPE-19 with Y27632 (10mmol/L) significantly prevented CTGF or TGF-β induced fibronectin (P=0.005, P=0.003 respectively), MMP-2 (P = 0.003, P =0.002), COL1A1 (P =0.006, P =0.003), and COL1A2 (P =0.006, P =0.004) gene expression, but not laminin (P =0.375, P =0.516). CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrated that both TGF-β and CTGF upregulate the expression of ECM components including fibronectin, laminin, MMP-2 and type I collagen by activating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. During this process, ARPE-19 cells were shown to change from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype in vitro. Y27632, a ROCK inhibitor, inhibited the transcription of fibronectin, MMP-2 and type I collagen, but not laminin. The data from our work suggest a role for CTGF as a profibrotic mediator. Inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway represents a potential target to prevent the fibrosis of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. This might lead to a novel therapeutic approach to preventing the onset of early proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR).