蓝光诱导视网膜色素上皮细胞铁死亡的机制研究

目的:探讨蓝光诱导人视网膜色素上皮(ARPE)细胞铁死亡的发生及可能机制。方法:体外培养的ARPE-19细胞接受405nm蓝光50mW/cm^(2)辐照度照射不同时间,分为对照组、16.3J/cm^(2)组、32.6J/cm^(2)组和65.2J/cm^(2)组;将65.2J/cm^(2)组定为高能量蓝光照射组,进一步分为对照组、高能量蓝光照射组和高能量蓝光照射+铁死亡抑制剂组,CCK-8检测细胞活力,试剂盒检测细胞内谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、二价铁离子浓度及丙二醛(MDA)含量,Western blot法检测细胞内GPX4和xCT蛋白相对表达量。结果:蓝光照射导致ARPE-19细胞活力下降呈剂量依赖性,高能量蓝光照射导致细胞内GSH含量下降,二价铁离子浓度和MDA含量上升(均P<0.05);加入铁死亡抑制剂可部分恢复蓝光照射组细胞活力和GSH含量,减少MDA含量,降低二价铁离子浓度(均P<0.05);蓝光照射组GPX4和xCT蛋白相对表达量显著下降,加入铁死亡抑制剂后蛋白表达量不同程度恢复(P<0.05)。结论:蓝光照射可能通过影响xCT和GPX4相关抗氧化途径诱导RPE细胞铁死亡发生。

Identification of 8 Rare Deleterious Variants in ADAMTS13 by Next-generation Sequencing in a Chinese Population with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Objective Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(TTP)is a rare and fatal disease caused by a severe deficiency in the metalloprotease ADAMTS13 and is characterized by thrombotic microangiopathy.The present study aimed to investigate the genes and variants associated with TTP in a Chinese population.Methods Target sequencing was performed on 220 genes related to complements,coagulation factors,platelets,fibrinolytic,endothelial,inflammatory,and anticoagulation systems in 207 TTP patients and 574 controls.Subsequently,logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the TTP-associated genes based on the counts of rare deleterious variants in the region of a certain gene.Moreover,the associations between common variants and TTP were also investigated.Results ADAMTS13 was the only TTP-associated gene(OR=3.77;95%CI:1.82–7.81;P=3.6×10^(-4))containing rare deleterious variants in TTP patients.Among these 8 variants,5 novel rare variants that might contribute to TTP were identified,including rs200594025,rs782492477,c.T1928G(p.I643S),c.3336_3361del(p.Q1114Afs*20),and c.3469_3470del(p.A1158Sfs*17).No common variants associated with TTP were identified under the stringent criteria of correction for multiple testing.Conclusion ADAMTS13 is the primary gene related to TTP.The genetic variants associated with the occurrence of TTP were slightly different between the Chinese and European populations.

A Comparative Study Between Tumor Blood Vessels and Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI for Identifying Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Gene 1(IDH1)Mutation Status in Glioma

Objective Isocitrate dehydrogenase gene(IDH)mutations are associated with tumor angiogenesis and therefore play an important role in glioma management.This study compared the performance of tumor blood vessels counted from contrast-enhanced 3D brain volume(3D-BRAVO)sequence and dynamic contrast-enhanced(DCE)MRI in differentiating IDH1 status in gliomas.Methods Forty-four glioma patients[16 with IDH1 mutant-type(IDH1-MT),28 with IDH1 wild-type(IDH1-WT)]were retrospectively analyzed.A blood vessel entering a tumor was defined as an intratumoral vessel;a blood vessel adjacent to the edge of a tumor was defined as a peritumoral vessel.Combined vessels were defined as the sum of the intratumoral and peritumoral vessels.DCE-derived metrics of tumor were normalized to the contralateral normal-appearing white matter.Results Intratumoral,peritumoral,and combined tumor blood vessels were all significantly different between IDH1-MT and IDH1-WT gliomas,and the range of area under curves(AUCs)was 0.816–0.855.For DCE-derived parameters,cerebral blood volume,cerebral blood flow,mean transit time,and volume transfer constant were significantly different between IDH1-MT and IDH1-WT gliomas,and the range of AUCs was 0.703–0.756.Combined vessels possessed the best performance for identifying IDH1 mutations in gliomas(AUC:0.855,sensitivity:0.857,specificity:0.812,P<0.001).Conclusion The number of tumor blood vessels has comparable diagnostic performance with DCE-derived parameters for differentiating IDH1 mutations and can serve as a potential imaging biomarker to reflect IDH1 mutations in gliomas.

Toric ICL植入术的临床疗效以及对角膜散光和像差的影响

目的:研究Toric植入术(ICL)的临床疗效以及对角膜散光和高阶像差(HOA)的影响。方法:前瞻性非随机临床实验研究。共纳入57例患者102眼行Toric ICL植入术以矫治近视散光。分别于术前和术后6mo测量裸眼视力、最适屈光度、最佳矫治视力、最适散光度、角膜散光、高阶像差并记录。检查仪器为角膜地形图、眼前节分析系统和波前像差分析仪。结果:术后93.80%患眼等效球镜≤-1.00D,85.30%患眼等效球镜≤-0.5D。术后66.30%患眼裸眼视力≥20/25,65.50%患眼裸眼视力≥20/20;角膜散光和高阶像差手术前后比较没有统计学意义。全眼三叶草和彗差手术前后比较差异无统计学意义。结论:所有眼球的近视和散光得到有效矫治。角膜切口对高阶像差和散光没有影响。

Kappa angles in different positions in patients with myopia during LASIK

AIM： To investigate the difference in kappa angle between sitting and supine positions during laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis（LASIK）.·METHODS： A retrospective study was performed on395 eyes from 215 patients with myopia that received LASIK. Low, moderate, and high myopia groups were assigned according to diopters. The horizontal and vertical components of kappa angle in sitting position were measured before the operation, and in supine position during the operation. The data from the two positions were compared and the relationship between kappa angle and diopters were analyzed.· RESULTS： Two hundred and twenty-three eyes（56.5%） in sitting position and 343 eyes（86.8%） in supine position had positive kappa angles. There were no significant differences in horizontal and vertical components of kappa angle in the sitting position or horizontal components of kappa angle in the supine position between the three groups（P 〉0.05）. A significant difference in the vertical components of kappa angle in the supine position was seen in the three groups（P 〈0.01）. Differences in both horizontal and vertical components of kappa angles were significant between the sitting and supine positions. Positive correlations in both horizontal and vertical components of kappa angles（P 〈0.05） were found and vertical components of kappa angle in sitting and supine positions were negatively correlated with the degree of myopia（sitting position： r =-0.109; supine position： r =-0.172; P 〈0.05）.·CONCLUSION： There is a correlation in horizontal and vertical components of kappa angle in sitting and supine positions. Positive correlations in both horizontal and vertical components of kappa angle in sitting and supine positions till the end of the results. This result still needs further observation. Clinicians should take into account different postures when excimer laser surgery needs to be performed.

Effect of unilateral inferior oblique weakening on fundus torsion in bilateral eyes of children with congenital superior oblique palsy

AIM:To study the change of torsion in both eyes after unilateral inferior oblique(IO)weakening on children with congenital superior oblique palsy(SOP).METHODS:This retrospective study enrolled all patients diagnosed with unilateral congenital superior oblique palsy(UCSOP)accompanied by inferior oblique overaction(IOOA).A total of 120 eyes of 60 patients were divided into group 1(more extorted paretic eye)and group 2(more extorted nonparetic eye).The degree of fundus torsion was evaluated before and 1 mo after the IO weakening procedure.The torsion of the fundus was recorded by measuring the diskfoveal angle(DFA)using fundus photography.RESULTS:Group 1 included 26 cases and group 2 included 34 cases,thus the rate of extorsion was insignificantly higher in the nonparetic eye(P=0.10).The preoperative DFA in the paretic and nonparetic eyes was 13.21±5.95,7.97±4.25 in group 1,and 4.65±3.79,13.16±5.35 in group 2(both P<0.001).The postoperative DFA in the paretic and nonparetic eyes was 8.57±4.87,7.32±4.27 in group 1(P=0.24),and 3.85±6.00 and 9.94±5.45 in group 2(P<0.001).The amount of postoperative reduction of the DFA in the paretic and nonparetic eyes was 4.64±3.90,0.65±0.76 in group 1(P=0.002),and 0.80±0.81,3.21±5.50 in group 2(P=0.01).The difference in the amount of reduction of DFA in the more extorted eye in group 1(paretic eye)vs group 2(nonparetic eye)was insignificant(P=0.30).CONCLUSION:Excyclotorsion in the nonparetic eye has a similar probability in the paretic eye in UCSOP children,and weakening of the ipsilateral IO has a more obvious effect on the decrement of extorsion in the more extorted eye regardless of which eye is paretic.

The latest research progress of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 mutant strain"Omicron"

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)that broke out at the end of December 2019 has been raging for 3 years,bringing unpredictable harm to the physical and mental health of all mankind and global economic development.The new type of coronavirus pneumonia is a new type of respiratory infectious disease with a high incidence and fatality rate caused by SARS-CoV-2.Up to now,hundreds of millions of people have been infected with new coronary pneumonia worldwide,and millions of people have died.Due to the specificity of the new coronavirus itself and its high mutation rate,a series of different new coronavirus variants have appeared,which has caused the new crown pneumonia epidemic to repeat.Recently,the World Health Organization(WHO)announced a new variant"omicron"(omicron,B.1.1.529),and declared that the mutant strain may be highly infectious,antibody tolerant and highly resistant to vaccines.This article briefly reviews the latest research progress of the"omicron"variants.

Research progress on detection methods of the asymptomatic COVID- 19 infected persons

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has brought great harm and challenges to many countries and regions around the world.The majority of COVID-19 patients have typical clinical manifestations,but the number of asymptomatic infections is increasing as COVID-19 research continues and SARS-CoV-2 testing improves.Many asymptomatic COVID-19 patients with no obvious clinical symptoms are able to transmit the virus to others due to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in their bodies,thus greatly accelerating the worldwide pandemic and posing great difficulty and threat to global epidemic prevention and control.Therefore,early detection and identification of asymptomatic infected persons through various testing methods are effective measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic.This article will provide a brief review of the available methods and techniques for detecting asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.

Effect of Metabolic Syndrome Score, Metabolic Syndrome, and Its Individual Components on the Prevalence and Severity of Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease

Background： The clinical significance of metabolic syndrome （MS） score, MS, and its individual components with respect to risk prediction of coronary artery disease （CAD） remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate whether and to what extent MS score, MS, and its individual components were related to the risk of CAD. Methods： Among 1191 participants who underwent coronary angiography for the confirmation of suspected myocardial ischemia, 858 were included in this study according to the inclusion criteria from September 2010 to June 2013. MS was diagnosed with the 2005 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed by Gensini score. Results： The results showed that the age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios （ORs） tbr CAD were as follows： MS score, 1.327; MS, 2.013; elevated waist circumference, 1.447; reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 1.654： and elevated fasting glucose, 1.782： all P〈 0.05： whereas for elevated triglycerides, 1.324, and elevated blood pressure, 1.342, both P 〉 0.05. Alter multivariate adjustment, results showed that only MS and elevated fasting glucose were significantly associated with CAD （OR, 1.628, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.151-2.305, P = 0.006 for elevated fasting glucose, and OR, 1.631, 95% CI, 1.208-2.203, P = 0.001 for MS）. The study showed that only MS score and elevated fasting glucose were significantly associated with Gensini score （standardized coefficient, 0.101, P = 0.031 for elevated fasting glucose and standardized coefficient, 0.103, P = 0.009 for MS score）. Conclusions： The present study demonstrated that MS score, MS, and its individual components might have different contributions to CAD prevalence and severity. MS and elevated fasting glucose were independent risk factors for the prevalence of angiographic CAD whereas MS score and elevated fasting glucose were significantly associated with the severity of CAD.

Potential and roadmap of CO_(2) emission reduction in urban buildings: Case study of Shenzhen

Buildings play an increasingly important role to determine the trend of CO_(2) emissions in cities.Whether CO_(2) emissions from buildings can be effectively mitigated has great significance for cities to achieve climate governance goals.The study takes Shenzhen,a China's megacity,as an example to examine how the penetration of newly emerging clean technologies and consumer-to-prosumer role transition of buildings will contribute to CO_(2) emission reductions.Based on a Low Emissions Analysis Platform(LEAP)model,the major results indicate that CO_(2) emissions of Shenzhen's building sector could be capped by 2022-2025 and substantially decreased by more than 60%by 2030.Acelerating energy efficiency retroftting of existing buildings and enforcing stricter design standards on new buildings could largely reduce CO_(2) emissions,but still unable to prevent them from growing.The intensification of building energy-saving management and promotion of distributed renewable energy use would bring additional potentials of emission reduction,enabling a peak-reaching and a rapid downward trend of building emissions.To achieve the potentials,close cooperation and synergic efforts between multiple stakeholders are advocated for establishing inteligent energysaving management systems,decarbonizing urban power supply,and popularizing distributed roftop photovoltaic power stations.