MicroRNA-29a-3p Prevents Drug-Induced Acute Liver Failure through Inflammation-Related Pyroptosis Inhibition

Objective Little is known about the role of microRNA-29a-3p(miR-29a-3p)in inflammation-related pyroptosis,especially in drug-induced acute liver failure(DIALF).This study aimed to identify the relationship between miR-29a-3p and inflammation-related pyroptosis in DIALF and confirm its underlying mechanisms.Methods Thioacetamide(TAA)-and acetaminophen(APAP)-induced ALF mouse models were established,and human samples were collected.The expression levels of miR-29a-3p and inflammation and pyroptosis markers were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),Western blotting,or immunochemical staining in miR-29a-3p knock-in transgenic mouse(MIR29A(KI/KI))DIALF models.In addition,RNA sequencing was conducted to explore the mechanisms.Results MiR-29a-3p levels were decreased in TAA-and APAP-induced DIALF models.MiR-29a-3p prevented DIALF caused by TAA and APAP.RNA sequencing and further experiments showed that the protective effect of miR-29a-3p on DIALF was mainly achieved through inhibition of inflammation-related pyroptosis,and the inhibition was dependent on activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.In addition,miR-29a-3p levels were reduced,and pyroptosis was activated in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and liver tissues of DIALF patients.Conclusion The study supports the idea that miR-29a-3p inhibits pyroptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway to prevent DIALF.MiR-29a-3p may be a promising therapeutic target for DIALF.

Influence of water conservancy project on runoff in the source region of the Yellow River and wetland changes in the Lakeside Zone,China

The source area of the Yellow River(SAYR),located above the Huangheyan hydrological station,is important for ecological preservation and water source conservation in the Yellow River Basin.In this area,the impact of water conservation projects on the hydrology and the ecological environment is pivotal in protecting water resources and alpine vegetation ecosystems.This study investigates the impact of the Yellow River Source Hydropower Station on the runoff and ecological evolution of the SAYR,along with the underlying mechanism,using extensive datasets encompassing long-term meteorological,hydrological and remote sensing data from various time periods.Results show that,over the long term,precipitation is the primary factor driving runoff variations in the SAYR.Nevertheless,from 1990 to 2020,there is a notably inconsistent relationship between precipitation and runoff.After the completion of the Yellow River Source Hydropower Station in 2001,the water level of Eling Lake experienced and elevation of 2–3 m,leading to a gradual recovery of runoff.In addition,the basin's water balance shifted from a negative to a positive equilibrium,oscillating with changes in lake water levels.Consequently,the overflow zone of the Tangchama alluvial–proluvial fan in the upper reaches of the lakeshore shifted by 500 m,and marsh wetlands expanded by 20.78 km^(2).The increased storage of lakes and groundwater in the SAYR is the key controlling factor for the runoff recovery,changes in the basin's water balance,and enhancements in lakeshore vegetation ecology.Under the geological background of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau's upliftment and intensified upstream river erosion,the basin experienced a substantial water imbalance due to declining discharge base levels,which is the most critical factor behind runoff attenuation in the SAYR towards the end of the 20th century.The construction of the hydropower station objectively raised the drainage base level of the basin,thereby positively contributing to the preservation of water balance,runoff stability,and the enhancement of swamps and wetlands along the lakeshore.

Evolutionary trend of water cycle in Beichuan River Basin of China under the influence of vegetation restoration

The study aims to identify a suitable site for open and bore well in a farmhouseusing ground magnetic survey in south India.It also aims to define depth to granitoid and structural elements which traverse the selected area.Magnetic data(n=84)measured,processed and interpreted as qualitative and quantitatively.The results of total magnetic intensities indicate that the area is composed of linear magnetic lows trending NE-SW direction and circular to semi-circular causative bodies.The magnetic values ranged from-137 nT to 2345 nT with a mean of 465 nT.Reduction to equator shows significant shifting of causative bodies in the southern and northern directions.Analytical signal map shows exact boundary of granitic bodies.Cosine directional filter has brought out structural element trending NE-SW direction.Results of individual profile brought to light structurally weak zone between 90 m and 100 m in all the profile lines.Sudden decrease of magnetic values from 2042 nT to 126 nT noticed in profile line 6 between 20 m and 30 m indicates fault occurrence.Magnetic breaks obtained from these maps were visualized,interpreted and identified two suitable sites for open and bore well.Radially averaged power spectrum estimates depth of shallow and deep sources in 5 m and 50 m,respectively.Euler method has also been applied to estimate depth of granitoid and structural elements using structural indexes 0,1,2,and 3 and found depth ranges from<10 m to>90 m.Study indicates magnetic method is one of the geophysical methods suitable for groundwater exploration and site selection for open and borewells.

Evolution of the freeze-thaw cycles in the source region of the Yellow River under the influence of climate change and its hydrological effects

As an important water source and ecological barrier in the Yellow River Basin,the source region of the Yellow River(above the Huangheyan Hydrologic Station)presents a remarkable permafrost degradation trend due to climate change.Therefore,scientific understanding the effects of permafrost degradation on runoff variations is of great significance for the water resource and ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin.In this paper,we studied the mechanism and extent of the effect of degrading permafrost on surface flow in the source region of the Yellow River based on the monitoring data of temperature and moisture content of permafrost in 2013–2019 and the runoff data in 1960–2019.The following results have been found.From 2013 to 2019,the geotemperature of the monitoring sections at depths of 0–2.4 m increased by 0.16°C/a on average.With an increase in the thawing depth of the permafrost,the underground water storage space also increased,and the depth of water level above the frozen layer at the monitoring points decreased from above 1.2 m to 1.2–2 m.64.7%of the average multiyear groundwater was recharged by runoff,in which meltwater from the permafrost accounted for 10.3%.Compared to 1960-1965,the runoff depth in the surface thawing period(from May to October)and the freezing period(from November to April)decreased by 1.5 mm and 1.2 mm,respectively during 1992–1997,accounting for 4.2%and 3.4%of the average annual runoff depth,respectively.Most specifically,the decrease in the runoff depth was primarily reflected in the decreased runoff from August to December.The permafrost degradation affects the runoff within a year by changing the runoff generation,concentration characteristics and the melt water quantity from permafrost,decreasing the runoff at the later stage of the permafrost thawing.However,the permafrost degradation has limited impacts on annual runoff and does not dominate the runoff changes in the source region of the Yellow River in the longterm.

Quantitative Calculation of Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Based on Quantification Theory Ⅲ

There are a lot of key qualitative variables in factors affecting groundwater vulnerability. The processing of qualitative variables of the existing superimposed index method generally relies on experience, so the results are normally subjective. Quantitative theory can handle qualitative variables quantitatively, achieve the unity of quantitative and qualitative indicators, highlight the decisive role of the main factors and reflect the actual situation more objectively. We took Yulin City as the research area to verify the feasibility and applicability of quantitative theory Ⅲ, which is used for the quantitative evaluation of groundwater vulnerability. The results show that it has obvious advantage in the screening of indicators and the groundwater vulnerability partition,so it can be used as a quantitative calculation method of groundwater vulnerability assessment.

Effects of mosaic biological soil crusts on vascular plant establishment in a coastal saline land of the Yellow River Delta, China

Aims The effects of biocrusts on vascular plants are rarely evaluated in coastal saline lands.Our aim was to examine whether and how a mosaic of biocrusts affect seed germination of two typical herbaceous plants in a coastal saline land of the Yellow River Delta,to enhance our understanding by which substrate heterogeneity influences plant community dynamics.Methods We conducted growth chamber experiments to investigate the effects of biocrusts and uncrusted soil from bare patch-,Phragmites australis-,Suaeda glauca-and Tamarix chinensis-dominated habitats on seed germination percentage and mean germination time of two herbaceous plants:the perennial P.australis and the annual S.glauca.We also explored the mechanisms underlying the effects of substrate on seed germination.Important Findings Compared with uncrusted soil,biocrusts increased water content,nutrient accumulation and concentration of most salt ions,but they reduced soil pH value.Biocrusts with mosses directly decreased soil pH value and concentration of Mg2+,resulting in an indirect increase in seed germination percentage of S.glaucas.The low soil pH value also resulted in an indirect decrease in seed germination speed of P.australis in their own habitats.Bare patch directly increased accumulation of Cl?,resulting in an indirect decrease in seed germination speed of P.australis.These results suggest that biocrusts with mosses in P.australis habitats offer a window of opportunity for germination of S.glaucas.Biocrusts combined with habitat type have the potential to influence plant community structure through an effect on seed germination and establishment.

Early fluid loading for septic patients： Any safety limit needed？

Early adequate fluid loading was the corner stone of hemodynamic optimization for sepsis and septic shock. Meanwhile, recent recommended protocol for fluid resuscitation was increasingly debated on hemodynamic stability vs risk of overloading. In recent publications, it was found that a priority was often given to hemodynamic stability rather than organ function alternation in the early fluid resusci- tation of sepsis. However, no safety limits were used at all in most of these reports. In this article, the rationality and safety of early aggressive fluid loading for septic patients were discussed. It was concluded that early aggressive fluid loading improved hemodynamics transitorily, but was probably traded off with a follow-up organ function impairment, such as worsening oxygenation by reduction of lung aeration, in a part of septic patients at least. Thus, a safeguard is needed against unnecessary excessive fluids in early aggressive fluid loading for set）tic patients.