The petroleum system:a new classification scheme based on reservoir qualities

A new classification of petroleum systems(PSs) based on reservoir qualities is proposed. We classify PSs into the following three basic types:(1) source-rock petroleum system(SPS);(2) tight-reservoir or tight petroleum system(TPS);and(3) conventional-reservoir or conventional petroleum system(CPS). The CPS is a PS in which hydrocarbons accumulate in conventional reservoirs, and all the essential elements and processes are significant and indispensable. Oil and gas accumulations are geographically discrete and therefore exist as discontinuous accumulations. The TPS is a PS where hydrocarbons accumulate in tight reservoirs and the source rock, reservoir, seal, migration, and trap are also indispensable,but the traps are mostly non-anticlinal and the accumulations are primarily quasi-continuous and secondarily discontinuous. The SPS is a PS where both hydrocarbon generation and accumulation occurred in source rocks and traps and migration are unnecessary or inconsequential; the hydrocarbon distribution is extensive and continuous and has no distinct boundaries. The aforementioned three PSs can be derived from a common hydrocarbon source kitchen and are closely linked in terms of their formation and distribution. Therefore, to maximize the exploration efficiency, a comprehensive study and different strategies are needed by considering the SPS, TPS, and CPS as parts of a greater whole.

Emergency department use among patients from residential aged care facilities under a Hospital in the Nursing Home scheme in public hospitals in Queensland Australia

BACKGROUND: Hospital emergency department(ED) use by patients from residential aged care facilities(RACFs) is not always appropriate, and this calls for interventions to avoid some unnecessary uses. This study aims to compare patterns of ED use by RACF patients with and without a Hospital in the Nursing Home(Hi NH) program.METHODS: RACF patients presenting to EDs of a hospital with and a hospital without this program during pre- and post-intervention periods were included. Data on patient demographics and ED presentation characteristics were obtained from the Emergency Department Information System database, and were analysed by descriptive and comparative statistics.RESULTS: In both hospitals, most RACF residents presenting to EDs were aged between 75–94 years, female, triaged at scale 3 to 5, and transferred on weekdays and during working hours. Almost half of them were subsequently admitted to hospitals. In accordance with the ICD-10-AM diagnostic coding system, diagnoses that consistently ranked among the top three reasons for visiting the two hospitals before and after intervention included Chapter XIX: injury and poisoning and Chapter X: respiratory diseases. Associated with the intervention, significant decreases in the numbers of presentations per 1 000 RACF beds were identified among patients diagnosed with Chapter XI: digestive diseases [rate ratio(95%CI): 0.09(0.04, 0.22); P<0.0001] and Chapter XXI: factors influencing health status and contact with health services [rate ratio(95%CI): 0.22(0.07, 0.66); P=0.007].CONCLUSION: The Hi NH program may reduce the incidence of RACF residents visiting EDs for diagnoses of Chapter XI and Chapter XXI.

Design of online control and monitoring software for the CPPF system in the CMS Level-1 trigger upgrade

The concentration preprocessing and fan-out(CPPF) system is one of the electronic subsystems of the upgraded Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS) Level-1 trigger system. It includes, in hardware, eight specially designed CPPF cards, one CMS card called AMC13, one commercial Micro-TCA Carrier HUB(MCH) card, and a MicroTCA shelf. Powerful online software is needed for the system, including providing reliable configuration and monitoring for the hardware, and a graphical interface for executing all actions and publishing monitoring messages.Further, to control and monitor the large amount of homogeneous hardware, the SoftWare Automating conTrol of Common Hardware(SWATCH) concept was proposed and developed. The SWATCH provides a generic structure and is flexible for customization. The structure includes a hardware access library based on the IPbus protocol, which assumes a virtual 32-bit address/32-bit data bus and builds a simple hardware access layer. Furthermore, the structure provides a graphical user interface, which is based on modern web technology and is accessible by web page. The CPPF controlling and monitoring online software was also customized from a common SWATCH cell, and provides afinite state machine(FSM) for configuring the entire CPPF hardware, and five monitoring objects for periodically collecting monitoring data from five main functional modules in the CPPF hardware. This paper introduces the details of the CPPF SWATCH cell development.

Suppression of top-up injection backgrounds with offline event filter in the BESIII experiment

Background It is imperative that high-quality data should be accumulated to guarantee the correctness and accuracy of physics results in particle physics experiments.The top-up injection of BEPCII has achieved a definite improvement in integrated luminosity,but simultaneously has an obvious impact on the background level of the data acquired by the BESIII detector due to frequent beam injections.Methods An online trigger veto and an offline eventfilter have been developed and applied to eliminate the contaminated events from the data samples for physics research.Results and Conclusion The design and implementation of offline eventfilter are described in this article.The upgraded offline data processing procedure with offline eventfilter was executed smoothly in recent years and ensured data acquisition and processing with optimal efficiency and sufficient quality in BESIII experiment.