Deep-sea organisms research oriented by deep-sea technologies development

Deep-sea environment,characterized by high pressures,extremely high/low temperatures,limited photosynthesis-generated organic matter,darkness,and high levels of corrosion,is home to flourishing special ecosystems in the world.Here,we illustrate how the deep-sea equipment offers insights into the study of life in the deep sea based on the work in the past five decades.We first describe how organisms in the deep sea are studied,even though it is highly difficult to get access to such extreme environments.We then explain the role of deep-sea technologies in advancing research on the evolution of organisms in hydrothermal vents,cold seeps,seamounts,oceanic trenches,and whale falls from the following perspectives:biological diversity,mechanisms of environmental adaptation,biological evolution,and ecosystem connectivity.Finally,to better understand the function and service of deep-sea organisms,and further conserve the special creatures under anthropologic activity and climate change,we highlight the importance of innovative deep-sea technologies to promote cutting-edge research on deep-sea organisms,and note the remaining challenges and developing directions for deep-sea equipment.

Placental transfer of bisphenol diglycidyl ethers (BDGEs) and its association with maternal health in a population in South of China

Despite high production and usage,little is known about exposure to bisphenol diglycidyl ethers(BDGEs)and their derivatives in pregnant women and fetuses.In this study,we determined nine BDGEs in 106 paired maternal and cord serum samples collected from e-waste dismantling sites in South of China.Bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)glycidyl ether(BADGE⋅2H_(2)O),bisphenol A(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)glycidyl ether(BADGE⋅HCl⋅H_(2)O),and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether(BFDGE)were the major BDGEs,with median concentrations of 0.57,4.07,and 1.60 ng/mL,respectively,in maternal serum,and of 3.58,5.61,and 0.61 ng/mL,respectively,in cord serum.The transplacental transfer efficiencies(TTEs)were estimated for BDGEs found in samples,and median values were in the range of 0.98(BFDGE)to 5.91(BADGE⋅2H_(2)O).Our results suggested that passive diffusion plays a role in the placental transfer of BADGE⋅HCl⋅H_(2)O and BFDGE,whereas several mechanisms contribute to the high accumulation of BADGE⋅2H_(2)O in cord serum.Multiple linear regression analysis indicated significant associations between maternal serum concentrations of BDGEs and blood clinical biomarkers,especially those related to liver injuries,such as alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and adenosine deaminase(ADA)(P<0.05).To our knowledge,this is the first study to report the occurrence of BDGEs in paired maternal–fetal serum samples and provide new insights into prenatal and fetal exposures.The newly discovered TTEs in maternal–fetal pairs contribute to a fuller inventory of the transmission activity of pollutants in the human body,ultimately adding to a more significant comprehensive risk evaluation.