Effect of <i>Monascus</i>Fermentation on Aroma Patterns of Semi-Dried Grass Carp

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of Monascus fermentation on the aroma pattern of semi-dried grass carp. Semi-dried fish was fermented using Monascus purpureus GDMCC3.439. The volatile flavor substances present in fresh fish, semi-dry fish and Monascus fermented semi-dried fish were compared by simultaneous distillation and extraction combined with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results showed that alcohols, aldehydes and ketones were the main components of the flavor of the unfermented and fermented semi-dried grass crap. Monascus fermentation could significantly affect the volatile flavor substances of semi-dried grass carp. Moreover, the processing of semi-dried fish fermented by Monascus could not only effectively improve the fishy smell of fresh fish, but also make up for the defect of the pickled flavor of semi-dried fish. Eighteen of the main volatile components in semi-dried fish fermented by Monascus were identified by relative odor activity value (ROAV), as follows: 1-octene-3-ol, phenylethanol, hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, (E)-2-octenal, 3-Methyl-1-butanal, benzaldehyde, (E)-2-nonenal, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, (E)-2-Decenal, phenylacetaldehyde, (E,E)-2.4-decadienal, tetradecanal, 2,3-butanone, 2,3-octanedione, alpha-pinene, 2-pentane furan.

Improving Vascular Regeneration Performance of Electrospun Poly(ε‑Caprolactone) Vascular Grafts via Synergistic Functionalization with VE‑Cadherin/VEGF

In vivo,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and vascular endothelial cadherin(VE-cadherin)co-regulate the dynamic organization of endothelial cells during vascular sprouting,balancing angiogenesis and vascular stability.In this study,a novel bioactive surface integrating human VE-cadherin-Fc and VEGF-Fc fusion proteins was innovatively developed for the modification of poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL)small-caliber electrospun fibrous grafts(VE-cad/VEGF-PCL)to promote the regeneration of functional endothelium and improve the patency of artificial vascular grafts.These fusion proteins self-assembled on the PCL fibers through the hydrophobic binding of Fc domains,improving surface hydrophilicity while reducing the adhesion of fibrinogen.In vitro results showed that the VE-cadherin/VEGF surface upregulated the expression of endogenous VE-cadherin and synergistically activated the VE-cadherin/VEGFR2/FAK/AKT/ERK signal transduction,which facilitated the functioning of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).Moreover,the VE-cadherin/VEGF surface significantly enhanced cellularization and capillary formation,then subsequently accelerated the regeneration of functional endothelium and smooth muscle in the VE-cad/VEGF-PCL grafts in a rat abdominal aorta replacement model.Together,these results highlight the advantages of VE-cadherin/VEGF surface in enhancing rapid endothelialization of electrospun vascular grafts and provide new insights into the design of cross-activating biomaterials.