Sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Banquan pull-apart basin and implications for late Cenozoic dextral strike-slip movement of the Tanlu Fault Zone

The Banquan Basin is a pull-apart basin with the largest scale and the most prominent structure due to dextral slip of the Tanlu Fault Zone(TLFZ) in late Cenozoic. The depositional history of the basin records the start time and evolution of the right-lateral strike-slip movement of the TLFZ. This paper studies the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Banquan Basin by seismic reflection exploration, borehole detection and cosmogenic nuclide chronology. We analyze the coupling relationship between the pull-apart basin and the strike-slip fault and discuss the start time and tectonic significance of the right-lateral strikeslip of the TLFZ. Our study indicates that the Banquan Basin has undergone three evolutionary stages: weak rifting during the pre-pull-apart period, strong extension during the syn-pull-apart period and subsidence during the post-pull-apart period. This implies that the TLFZ, which controls the evolution of the basin, experienced an evolutionary process of weak activity,intensified activity and migration of activity toward the central basin. The sedimentary filling of the basin has strong response to the episodic pull-apart and extension of the basin. Lying upon the basement of the basin, a thin layer of Miocene mudstone slowly accumulated due to local rifting before the strong pull-apart event. Along with the dextral slipping and pull-apart process, the basin was filled with alluvial fan facies, fluvial facies and floodplain facies strata from bottom to top. The latest tectonic movement of the TLFZ in the North China Block in late Cenozoic was dominated by episodic dextral strike-slip motion, and this deformation pattern started at 4.01±1.27 Ma. The latest tectonic deformation in North China since late Cenozoic was governed by eastward extrusion and tectonic orogenesis of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau since late Miocene. The eastward thrusting of the Liupanshan fault zone and sinistral shearing of the Qinling fault zone led to the anticlockwise rotation and pushing of secondary blocks in North China, resulting in a planar bookshelf faulting and rotation pattern. This unique deformation pattern transferred eastwards to the North China Plain at ~4.01 Ma and the process continues to the present time.This planar bookshelf rotation, accompanied with regional sinistral strike-slip movement of the ~EW-trending boundary fault zones to the north and south of the North China Block and dextral strike-slip motion of the NNE-trending boundary faults between secondary blocks, is likely to be the long-range effect of the strong extrusion of the eastern margin of the QinghaiXizang Plateau.

High-entropy perovskite oxides: A versatile class of materials for nitrogen reduction reactions

Despite the intense research efforts directed to electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR),the NH_(3) yield and selectivity are still not up to the standard of practical application.Here,high-entropy perovskite oxides with composition Bax(FeCoNiZrY)_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(Bx(FCNZY)_(0.2)(x=0.9,1)are reported as eNRR catalysts.The eNRR activity of high-entropy perovskite oxide is enhanced by changing the nonstoichiometric metal elements at the A-site,thus generating additional oxygen vacancies.The NH_(3) yield and Faraday efficiency for B_(0.9)(FCNZY)_(0.2) are 1.51 and 1.95 times higher than those for B(FCNZY)_(0.2),respectively.The d-band center theory is used to theoretically predict the catalytically active center at the B-site,and as a result,nickel was identified as the catalytic site.The free energy values of the intermediate states in the optimal distal pathway show that the third protonation step(*NNH_(2)→*NNH_(3))is the rate-determining step and that the increase in oxygen vacancies in the high-entropy perovskite contributes to nitrogen adsorption and reduction.This work provides a framework for applying high-entropy structures with active site diversity for electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation.