In the field of nuclear radiation detection, sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) and lanthanum bromide (LaBr<sub>3</sub>) are the primary scintillation crystals used for energy spectrum detectors. Furthermore, energy ...In the field of nuclear radiation detection, sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) and lanthanum bromide (LaBr<sub>3</sub>) are the primary scintillation crystals used for energy spectrum detectors. Furthermore, energy spectrum detectors based on gadolinium gallium aluminum garnet (Ce:GAGG) scintillation crystals are minor. In this work, a 1-inch Ce:GAGG and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are employed to construct a detector, and the coupled medium was silicone oil. An optimal SiPMs quantity scheme for the energy resolution was determined by varying the number of SiPMs coupled to Ce:GAGG and studying the effect of the different number of SiPMs on the energy resolution of the detector. Energy-resolution contrast experiments between Ce:GAGG and NaI(Tl) were performed using this scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that increasing the number of SiPMs enhances the energy resolution of the detector significantly. Notably, the energy resolution of the Ce:GAGG detector is comparable to that of the NaI(Tl) detector. Additionally, both detectors exhibit an energy linearity exceeding 99.9%. .展开更多
Health monitoring data or the data about infectious diseases such as COVID-19 may need to be constantly updated and dynamically released,but they may contain user's sensitive information.Thus,how to preserve the u...Health monitoring data or the data about infectious diseases such as COVID-19 may need to be constantly updated and dynamically released,but they may contain user's sensitive information.Thus,how to preserve the user's privacy before their release is critically important yet challenging.Differential Privacy(DP)is well-known to provide effective privacy protection,and thus the dynamic DP preserving data release was designed to publish a histogram to meet DP guarantee.Unfortunately,this scheme may result in high cumulative errors and lower the data availability.To address this problem,in this paper,we apply Jensen-Shannon(JS)divergence to design the OPTICS(Ordering Points To Identify The Clustering Structure)scheme.It uses JS divergence to measure the difference between the updated data set at the current release time and private data set at the previous release time.By comparing the difference with a threshold,only when the difference is greater than the threshold,can we apply OPTICS to publish DP protected data sets.Our experimental results show that the absolute errors and average relative errors are significantly lower than those existing works.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by SARS-CoV-2 was identified in December 2019.The symptoms include fever,cough,dyspnea,early symptom of sputum,and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Mesenchymal ste...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by SARS-CoV-2 was identified in December 2019.The symptoms include fever,cough,dyspnea,early symptom of sputum,and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)therapy is the immediate treatment used for patients with severe cases of COVID-19.Herein,we describe two confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan to explore the role of MSC in the treatment of COVID-19.MSC transplantation increases the immune indicators(including CD4 and lymphocytes)and decreases the inflammation indicators(interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein).High-flow nasal cannula can be used as an initial support strategy for patients with ARDS.With MSC transplantation,the fracrion of inspired O2(Fi02)of the two patients gradually decreased while the oxygen saturation(Sa02)and partial pressure of oxygen(P02)improved.Additionally,the patients9 chest computed tomography showed that bilateral lung exudate lesions were adsorbed after MSC infusion.Results indicated that MSC transplantation provides clinical data on the treatment of COVID-19 and may serve as an alternative method for treating COVID-19,particularly in patients with ARDS.展开更多
Patient-derived cancer cells(PDCs)and patient-derived xenografts(PDXs)are often used as tumor models,but have many shortcomings.PDCs not only lack diversity in terms of cell type,spatial organization,and microenvironm...Patient-derived cancer cells(PDCs)and patient-derived xenografts(PDXs)are often used as tumor models,but have many shortcomings.PDCs not only lack diversity in terms of cell type,spatial organization,and microenvironment but also have adverse effects in stem cell cultures,whereas PDX are expensive with a low transplantation success rate and require a long culture time.In recent years,advances in three-dimensional(3D)organoid culture technology have led to the development of novel physiological systems that model the tissues of origin more precisely than traditional culture methods.Patient-derived cancer organoids bridge the conventional gaps in PDC and PDX models and closely reflect the pathophysiological features of natural tumorigenesis and metastasis,and have led to new patient-specific drug screening techniques,development of individualized treatment regimens,and discovery of prognostic biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance.Synergistic combinations of cancer organoids with other technologies,for example,organ-on-a-chip,3D bio-printing,and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homology-independent organoid transgenesis,and with treatments, such as immunotherapy, have been useful in overcoming their limitations and led to the development of more suitable model systems that recapitulate the complex stroma of cancer, inter-organ and intra-organ communications,and potentially multiorgan metastasis. In this review, we discuss various methods for the creation of organ-specific cancer organoids and summarize organspecific advances and applications, synergistic technologies, and treatments aswell as current limitations and future prospects for cancer organoids. Furtheradvances will bring this novel 3D organoid culture technique closer to clinicalpractice in the future.展开更多
(Ba <sub>1x </sub > Sr <sub> x </sub>)<sub>4</sub>(Sm<sub>0.4</sub > Nd <sub>0.6</sub>)<sub>28/3</sub > Ti <sub>18</sub > O <sub&g...(Ba <sub>1x </sub > Sr <sub> x </sub>)<sub>4</sub>(Sm<sub>0.4</sub > Nd <sub>0.6</sub>)<sub>28/3</sub > Ti <sub>18</sub > O <sub>54</sub>(x = 0.02， 0.04， 0.06， 0.08， 0.1 ) 稳固的解决方案被准备由常规固态反应过程。它被发现那(Ba <sub>1x </sub > Sr <sub> x </sub>)<sub>4</sub>(Sm<sub>0.4</sub > Nd <sub>0.6</sub>)<sub>28/3</sub > Ti <sub>18</sub > O <sub>54</sub> 陶艺充分由 BaSm <sub>2</sub 组成 > Ti <sub>4</sub > O <sub>12</sub> 和乐队 <sub>2</sub > Ti <sub>5</sub > 为所有作文的 O <sub>14</sub> 阶段。增加的 x 价值(0.02 x 0.1 ) 在((Ba <sub>1x </sub > Sr <sub> x </sub>)<sub>4</sub>(Sm<sub>0.4</sub > Nd <sub>0.6</sub>)<sub>28/3</sub > Ti <sub>18</sub > O <sub>54</sub> 陶艺不能仅仅获得高展开更多
During the past decades,the term“social computing”has become a promising interdisciplinary area in the intersection of computer science and social science.In this work,we conduct a data-driven study to understand th...During the past decades,the term“social computing”has become a promising interdisciplinary area in the intersection of computer science and social science.In this work,we conduct a data-driven study to understand the development of social computing using the data collected from Digital Bibliography and Library Project(DBLP),a representative computer science bibliography website.We have observed a series of trends in the development of social computing,including the evolution of the number of publications,popular keywords,top venues,international collaborations,and research topics.Our findings will be helpful for researchers and practitioners working in relevant fields.展开更多
文摘In the field of nuclear radiation detection, sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) and lanthanum bromide (LaBr<sub>3</sub>) are the primary scintillation crystals used for energy spectrum detectors. Furthermore, energy spectrum detectors based on gadolinium gallium aluminum garnet (Ce:GAGG) scintillation crystals are minor. In this work, a 1-inch Ce:GAGG and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are employed to construct a detector, and the coupled medium was silicone oil. An optimal SiPMs quantity scheme for the energy resolution was determined by varying the number of SiPMs coupled to Ce:GAGG and studying the effect of the different number of SiPMs on the energy resolution of the detector. Energy-resolution contrast experiments between Ce:GAGG and NaI(Tl) were performed using this scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that increasing the number of SiPMs enhances the energy resolution of the detector significantly. Notably, the energy resolution of the Ce:GAGG detector is comparable to that of the NaI(Tl) detector. Additionally, both detectors exhibit an energy linearity exceeding 99.9%. .
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61672106)in part by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(L192023)in part by the project of promoting the Classified Development of Beijing Information Science and Technology University(No.5112211038,5112211039)。
文摘Health monitoring data or the data about infectious diseases such as COVID-19 may need to be constantly updated and dynamically released,but they may contain user's sensitive information.Thus,how to preserve the user's privacy before their release is critically important yet challenging.Differential Privacy(DP)is well-known to provide effective privacy protection,and thus the dynamic DP preserving data release was designed to publish a histogram to meet DP guarantee.Unfortunately,this scheme may result in high cumulative errors and lower the data availability.To address this problem,in this paper,we apply Jensen-Shannon(JS)divergence to design the OPTICS(Ordering Points To Identify The Clustering Structure)scheme.It uses JS divergence to measure the difference between the updated data set at the current release time and private data set at the previous release time.By comparing the difference with a threshold,only when the difference is greater than the threshold,can we apply OPTICS to publish DP protected data sets.Our experimental results show that the absolute errors and average relative errors are significantly lower than those existing works.
基金This work was supported by the Technological Special Project for Significant New Drugs Development of China(No.2018ZX09201002-005)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0105701)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017ZX10204401)the Emergency Research Fund for COVID-19 of Zhejiang Province(No.2020C03125).
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by SARS-CoV-2 was identified in December 2019.The symptoms include fever,cough,dyspnea,early symptom of sputum,and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)therapy is the immediate treatment used for patients with severe cases of COVID-19.Herein,we describe two confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan to explore the role of MSC in the treatment of COVID-19.MSC transplantation increases the immune indicators(including CD4 and lymphocytes)and decreases the inflammation indicators(interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein).High-flow nasal cannula can be used as an initial support strategy for patients with ARDS.With MSC transplantation,the fracrion of inspired O2(Fi02)of the two patients gradually decreased while the oxygen saturation(Sa02)and partial pressure of oxygen(P02)improved.Additionally,the patients9 chest computed tomography showed that bilateral lung exudate lesions were adsorbed after MSC infusion.Results indicated that MSC transplantation provides clinical data on the treatment of COVID-19 and may serve as an alternative method for treating COVID-19,particularly in patients with ARDS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81802278 and 81900563)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2019JJ50361 and 2020JJ4418).
文摘Patient-derived cancer cells(PDCs)and patient-derived xenografts(PDXs)are often used as tumor models,but have many shortcomings.PDCs not only lack diversity in terms of cell type,spatial organization,and microenvironment but also have adverse effects in stem cell cultures,whereas PDX are expensive with a low transplantation success rate and require a long culture time.In recent years,advances in three-dimensional(3D)organoid culture technology have led to the development of novel physiological systems that model the tissues of origin more precisely than traditional culture methods.Patient-derived cancer organoids bridge the conventional gaps in PDC and PDX models and closely reflect the pathophysiological features of natural tumorigenesis and metastasis,and have led to new patient-specific drug screening techniques,development of individualized treatment regimens,and discovery of prognostic biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance.Synergistic combinations of cancer organoids with other technologies,for example,organ-on-a-chip,3D bio-printing,and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homology-independent organoid transgenesis,and with treatments, such as immunotherapy, have been useful in overcoming their limitations and led to the development of more suitable model systems that recapitulate the complex stroma of cancer, inter-organ and intra-organ communications,and potentially multiorgan metastasis. In this review, we discuss various methods for the creation of organ-specific cancer organoids and summarize organspecific advances and applications, synergistic technologies, and treatments aswell as current limitations and future prospects for cancer organoids. Furtheradvances will bring this novel 3D organoid culture technique closer to clinicalpractice in the future.
基金Financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China，the Middle-aged and Young Teachers in Colleges and/or Universities in Guangxi Basic Ability Promotion Project of China (Grant No.KY2016YB534) are gratefully acknowledged by the authors
文摘(Ba <sub>1x </sub > Sr <sub> x </sub>)<sub>4</sub>(Sm<sub>0.4</sub > Nd <sub>0.6</sub>)<sub>28/3</sub > Ti <sub>18</sub > O <sub>54</sub>(x = 0.02， 0.04， 0.06， 0.08， 0.1 ) 稳固的解决方案被准备由常规固态反应过程。它被发现那(Ba <sub>1x </sub > Sr <sub> x </sub>)<sub>4</sub>(Sm<sub>0.4</sub > Nd <sub>0.6</sub>)<sub>28/3</sub > Ti <sub>18</sub > O <sub>54</sub> 陶艺充分由 BaSm <sub>2</sub 组成 > Ti <sub>4</sub > O <sub>12</sub> 和乐队 <sub>2</sub > Ti <sub>5</sub > 为所有作文的 O <sub>14</sub> 阶段。增加的 x 价值(0.02 x 0.1 ) 在((Ba <sub>1x </sub > Sr <sub> x </sub>)<sub>4</sub>(Sm<sub>0.4</sub > Nd <sub>0.6</sub>)<sub>28/3</sub > Ti <sub>18</sub > O <sub>54</sub> 陶艺不能仅仅获得高
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71731004,62072115,62102094,62173095,and 61602122)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan Project(No.22510713600)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.21ZR1404700).
文摘During the past decades,the term“social computing”has become a promising interdisciplinary area in the intersection of computer science and social science.In this work,we conduct a data-driven study to understand the development of social computing using the data collected from Digital Bibliography and Library Project(DBLP),a representative computer science bibliography website.We have observed a series of trends in the development of social computing,including the evolution of the number of publications,popular keywords,top venues,international collaborations,and research topics.Our findings will be helpful for researchers and practitioners working in relevant fields.
