Evaluation of global gridded crop models in simulating sugarcane yield in China

中国是全球第三大甘蔗生产国,中国甘蔗产量模拟可服务于全球食糖和乙醇的生产和贸易.全球格点作物模式CLM5-crop和LPJmL已实现对甘蔗的模拟,但它们在中国的模拟能力未知.本文评估结果表明:两个模式均严重低估了甘蔗产量,模拟均不足观测的1/4.CLM5-crop能有技巧地模拟产量的空间分布特征,而LPJmL不能.两个模式均不能合理模拟产量的年际变化,且低估了产量的上升趋势.模式低估甘蔗产量的部分原因是模式假设收割的是甘蔗的穗而非茎.

酯类添加剂对非溶剂致相分离法聚偏氟乙烯膜结构与性能的影响

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为成膜聚合物、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为酯类添加剂,采用非溶剂致相分离(NIPS)法制备PVDF平板膜。通过扫描电子显微镜和膜孔径分析仪对PVDF膜的形貌和结构进行了分析和讨论,研究了不同比例DOP/DBP对PVDF膜结构与性能的影响。当m(DOP)/m(DBP)=2/1时,制备的PVDF膜水接触角为112.2°,油下水接触角为142.4°,煤油液滴可在1231.8 ms内完全浸润膜表面,说明该膜具有优异的超亲油疏水性。此外,纯油通量高达945.9 L/(m^(2)·h),油包水乳液分离效率可达99.3%,在油水分离方面具有广阔的应用前景。

Improving Classroom Teaching Quality of Architectural CAD Through the Integration of Competition Content

Architectural Computer-Aided Design(CAD)is a highly technical and practical course and is also a course where its knowledge can be directly applied in the working field,which is especially important for higher vocational students majoring in architecture.In order to improve the teaching quality of this course,this paper proposes the integration of competition content into teaching under the based on the original syllabus.Therefore,the content of the“Reading and Drafting of Construction Drawings”competition is integrated into the teaching of this course,so as to realize the balanced development of teaching and competition,enhance students’professional skills and practical ability,and help students adapt to the development of the industry.With that,the goal of personnel training in higher vocational colleges can be achieved.

The Construction of Architectural CAD Course Competition Integration Teaching Mode

Architectural Computer-Aided Design(CAD)is a basic course for architectural engineering majors in vocational colleges.The integration of competition into teaching will not only help stimulate the students’enthusiasm,but also help them improve their professional skills.However,there are still some problems in the teaching of Architectural CAD.Therefore,teachers must continuously optimize the integration of competition content into Architectural CAD classes through various strategies,so as to give full play to the value of competition content in classes.We explored and analyzed the problems in the integration of competition content into Architectural CAD classes,and proposed specific strategies,in hopes of improving the quality of Architectural CAD teaching.

压力应激韧性的神经机制

抑郁症是最常见的精神疾病之一,其患病人群在不断增长.并且,抑郁症的终生患病率为15%~18%,即大约每5人中就有一个人在其一生中经历过抑郁发作.压力应激作为一种环境因素是抑郁症的主要成因之一.经历了压力应激却没有发展至抑郁症的人群具有压力应激韧性(resilience).探索压力应激韧性的神经机制,对抑郁症在临床上预防和治疗将发挥至关重要的作用.本文主要关注压力应激韧性的神经机制的研究进展,首先简要介绍了压力应激韧性研究中常用的慢性社交挫败应激模型(chronic social defeat stress,CSDS),其次重点对压力应激韧性相关的大脑区域在分子、细胞和神经环路水平上的研究进展进行总结,接下来介绍压力应激韧性的临床前机制研究所带来的临床转化,最后讨论和展望压力应激韧性在未来的研究方向.

血清载脂蛋白A-1、载脂蛋白B、肌酐与H型高血压患者的相关性研究

目的:探讨血清载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、肌酐(CREA)与H型高血压患者的相关性.方法:随机选取我院2019年7月至2020年12月收治的150例高血压患者作为研究对象,将80例普通高血压患者纳入高血压一组,70名H型高血压患者纳入高血压二组.采集患者静脉血,用全自动生化分析仪检测患者血清ApoB、ApoA1、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)等血脂指标,肌酐(CREA)、血尿素氮(BUN)等肾功能指标.通过logistic回归分析以及ROC曲线分析高血压患者的相关影响因素.结果:两组患者的性别构成存在明显差异,高血压二组的男性例数多于女性.高血压一组男性的ApoB(0.81±0.27)显著低于高血压二组男性(0.99±0.38);高血压一组女性的ApoA1(1.68±0.53)显著高于高血压二组女性(1.41±0.32);高血压一组女性患者的CREA(55.46±6.63)显著低于高血压二组女性患者(63.19±11.52).ApoB与男性的H型高血压患病呈正相关,为其危险因素;ApoA1与女性H型高血压患病呈负相关,为其保护因素,CREA与女性H型高血压患病呈正相关,为其危险因素.ROC曲线分析结果显示,CREA、ApoA1、ApoB的AUC分别是0.687、0.734、0.651,差异具有统计学意义.结论:ApoB与男性H型高血压患病成正相关,而ApoA1与女性H型高血压患病呈负相关,CREA与女性H型高血压患病呈正相关.

中国镍资源供应安全评价与对策研究

镍是中国紧缺的矿产资源。近年来,由于镍在不锈钢、新能源电池中的大量使用,中国镍资源面临严峻的供应形势。为深入研究中国镍资源的供应安全问题,本文从镍资源存量状况、资源供需状况、资源开发状况、国际产销状况、国际市场价格状况5个维度构建中国镍资源供应安全评价指标体系,首先运用熵值法计算2000—2016年中国镍资源各年的供应安全综合得分,然后运用雷达法分析影响2016年中国镍资源供应安全的主要因素。结果显示:2000—2016年中国镍资源供应安全综合得分持续下降,供应风险不断增加;储量下降、消费量增加、地质勘查投入减少、对国外资源依赖较大、主要进口国政策变化较大等因素是影响中国镍资源供应安全的主要因素。根据评价结果,本文提出以下安全对策:加大镍矿勘探投入,提高镍资源开发水平;提高二次回收率,加强不锈钢领域节镍技术研发;开拓国外镍矿资源市场。这些措施将有助于提高中国镍资源的供应安全保障水平。

Water-in-salt electrolyte ion-matched N/O codoped porous carbons for high-performance supercapacitors

Pore size and distribution in carbon-based materials are regarded to be a key factor to affect the electrochemical capacitive performances of the resultant electrodes.In this study,nitrogen and oxygen codoped porous carbons(NOPCs) are fabricated based on a simple Schiff-base reaction between m-phenylenediamine and terephthalaldehyde.The NOPCs have tunable morphologies,high surface areas,abundant heteroatom doping.More importantly,the carbons show a dominant micropores of 0.5-0.8 nm,comparable to the ionic sizes of LiTFSI(Li^+0.069 nm;TFSI-0.79 nm) water-in-salt electrolyte with a high potential window of 2.2 V.Consequently,the fabricated symmetric supercapacitor gives a high energy output of 30.5 Wh/kg at 1 kW/kg,and high stability after successive 10,000 cycles with ^96.8% retention.This study provides promising potential to develop high-energy supercapacitors.

Changes in climate regimes over China based on a high-resolution dataset

During the 20th century the global climate has been shifted towards warmer and drier regimes, mainly due to anthropogenic warming [1,2]. Climate changes can notably disrupt the environment and ecosystems. To evaluate the impacts of climate change on ecoregions, the Kdppen-Trewartha (K-T) climate classification [3] is widely used because it was constructed on the basis of surface vegetation. The K-T classification system combines temperature, precipitation, and their seasonality into a single metric. Six major climate types and several sub-climate types are defined (A: tropical, B: dry, C: subtropical, D: temperate, E: subpolar, F: polar). Each K-T climate type is consistent with certain prevalent plant species. Definitions and criteria of K-T climate types were outlined by Feng et al.[4].

The Establishment of Infectious Clone and Single Round Infectious Particles for Coxsackievirus A10

Coxsackievirus A10(CVA10)is one of the major etiological agents of hand,foot,and mouth disease.There are no vaccine and antiviral drugs for controlling CVA10 infection.Reverse genetic tools for CVA10 will benefit its mechanistic study and development of vaccines and antivirals.Here,two infectious clones for the prototype and a Myc-tagged CVA10 were constructed.Viable CVA10 viruses were harvested by transfecting the viral m RNA into human rhabdomyosarcoma(RD)cells.Rescued CVA10 was further confirmed by next generation sequencing and characterized experimentally.We also constructed the vectors for CVA10 subgenomic replicon with luciferase reporter and viral capsid with EGFP reporter,respectively.Co-transfection of the viral replicon RNA and capsid expresser in human embryonic kidney 293 T(HEK293 T)cells led to the production of single round infectious particles(SRIPs).Based on CVA10 replicon RNA,SRIPs with either the enterovirus A71(EVA71)capsid or the CVA10 capsid were generated.Infection by EVA71 SRIPs required SCARB2,while CVA10 SRIPs did not.Finally,we showed great improvement of the replicon activity and SRIPs production by insertion of a cis-active hammerhead ribozyme(HHRib)before the 50-untranslated region(UTR).In summary,reverse genetic tools for prototype strain of CVA10,including both the infectious clone and the SRIPs system,were successfully established.These tools will facilitate the basic and translational study of CVA10.

Retrorsine Cooperates with Gut Microbiota to Promote Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome by Disrupting the Gut Barrier

Background and Aims:Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(HSOS)is a life-threatening syndrome,and a cause is exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloid(PA)-containing products.It is well-established that retrorsine(RTS),a rep-resentative Pas,insults hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and ensues congestion of hepatic sinusoids.However,little known about the impact of Pas on gut microbiota and intesti-nal barrier and inflammation in HSOS.Methods:Mice were gavaged with or without nonabsorbable antibiotics(ABX),followed by a single dose of RTS.The gut microbiota was examined by 16S rDNA sequencing.Results:ABX pretreat-ment significantly reversed RTS-induced liver damage.RTS altered gut microbiota composition,increasing Gram-nega-tive bacteria and resulting in a sharp elevation of circulating lipopolysaccharides(LPS)in HSOS mice.Gut decontamina-tion with ABX alleviated RTS-induced intestine inflamma-tion,protected against disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier and gut vascular barrier(GVB),and suppressed he-patic LPS-NF-κB pathway activation in RTS-induced HSOS.Importantly,the LPS level was positively correlated with MELD score in patients with HSOS.Elevated LPS in patients with HSOS confirmed that Gram-negative bacteria were in-volved in the pathogenesis of HSOS.Conclusions:RTS,a PA,cooperated with gut dysbiosis to cause intestinal inflam-mation and gut barrier compromise that increased transport of gut-derived LPS into the liver through the portal vein,which contributed to the pathology of HSOS.Modulating the gut microbiota,protecting the intestinal barrier,and sup-pressing intestinal inflammation with prebiotics or antibiot-ics might be a useful pharmacologic intervention in HSOS.

Robust frequency-upconversion lasing operated at 400 K from inorganic perovskites microcavity

Multi-photon-pumped lasing based on metal-halide perovskites is promising for nonlinear optics and practical frequency-upconversion devices in integrated photonic systems.However,at present almost all the multi-photon-pumped lasing emissions from perovskite microcavities were limited for two-photon excitation,and also suffered from a compromise in room temperature or low temperature operation conditions.In this study,based on the vapor-phase epitaxial CsPbBr3 microplatelets with high crystallinity,self-formed high-quality microcavities,and great thermal stability,low-threshold and high-quality factor whispering gallery mode lasing was realized under single-,two-,and three-photon excitation,and the lasing action is very stable under continuous pulsed laser irradiation(~3.6×10^(7) laser shots).More importantly,the three-photon-pumped lasing can be efficiently sustained at a high temperature of~400 K,and the characteristic temperature was determined to be as high as~152.6 K,indicating the highly temperature-insensitive gain threshold.Note that this is the first report on high-temperature three-photon-pumped lasing on perovskite microcavities.Moreover,an aggressive thermal cycling test(two cycles,290-400-290 K)was further performed to indicate the stability and repeatability of the multi-photon-pumped lasing characteristics.It can be anticipated that the results obtained represent a significant step toward the temperature-insensitive frequency-upconversion lasing,inspiring the exploitation of advantageous perovskites for novel applications.

Common genetic heterogeneity of human interleukin-37 leads to functional variance

Interleukin-37(IL-37)is an inhibitory member of the IL-1 family of cytokines.We previously found that balanced selection maintains common variations of the human IL37 gene.However,the functional consequences of this selection have yet to be validated.Here,using cells expressing exogenous IL-37 variants,including IL-37 Ref and IL-37 Var1 and Var2,we found that the three variants of IL-37 exhibited different immunoregulatory potencies in response to immune stimulation.The protein level of IL-37 Var2 was found to be significantly less than that of IL-37 Ref or Var1,despite the comparable mRNA levels of all three variants.Further study showed that IL-37 Var2 was rapidly degraded by a proteasome-dependent mechanism mediated by enhanced polyubiquitination,leading to a transient upregulation of IL-37 Var2 after immune stimulation.Finally,when ectopically expressed in cells,human IL-37 Var2 exerted less inhibition on proinflammatory cytokine production than did other IL-37 variants.Conversely,purified extracellular IL-37 variant proteins demonstrated comparable inhibitory abilities in vitro.In conclusion,our study reveals that common genetic variants of IL37 lead to different immune-inhibitory potencies,primarily as a result of differences in IL-37 protein stability,suggesting the possible involvement of these variants in various human diseases.

Irreversible phenotypic perturbation and functional impairment of B cells during HIV-1 infection

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1） infection can damage humoral immunity. The knowledge of B cell perturbations during chronic HIV-1 infection and their recovery after combined antiretroviral therapy （cART） is not complete yet, and thus attempts to further improve humoral immunity are impeded. In this study, an HIV-1 chronically infected cohort with similar demographics, infection history, genetic background, and HIV-1 genotype was established to probe B cell perturbations. Results showed that the B cells from this cohort were highly activated and prone to cell death, and B cell compartments were altered significantly. Notably, although cART partially reversed the hyperactivation and reduced tissue-like memory B cells, other B cell perturbations, including impaired expression of survival factor Bcl-2, costimulatory molecules, and shrunken resting memory B cells, were irreversible. Further functional characterization revealed that the influenza HA- specific antibody-secreting cells were significantly lower during HIV-1 infection, whereas the recalled antibody response to HIV-l-specific antigens was decreased after cART. Finally, CpG plus R848 treatment increased the survival of B cells and memory B cells in vitro from HIV-l-infected patients. In conclusion, this study identified irreversible B cell immune perturbations in chronic HIV-1 infections regardless of cART and proposed the potential strategy to enhance B cell functions through the improvement of cell survival.

High-energy aqueous supercapacitors enabled by N/O codoped carbon nanosheets and“water-in-salt”electrolyte

A facile fabrication strategy is reported to obtain N/O codoped porous carbon nanosheets for pur-pose of ameliorating the charge transfer and accumulation in the concentrated LiTFSI(lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide)electrolyte.By tunning the feed ratio of comonomers,the porous nanosheet structure is endowed with a significant ion-adsorption surface area(1630 m^(2)/g)and intercon-nected hierarchical porosity;meanwhile,high-level N/O dopants(N:3.58 at%,O:12.91 at%)increase the effective contact area for electrolyte ions,and further facilitate rapid ion/electron transfer.Benefiting from the advantageous features,carbon nanosheets electrode reveal an enhanced specific capacitance(375 F/g)in three-electrode configuration and the H_(2)SO_(4)-based device yields a high gravimetric energy density of 11.4 Wh/kg.Particularly,the ion-diffusion highways in porous carbon nanosheets contribute to the 2.25 V LiTFSI-based symmetric device with a high energy delivery up to 33.1 Wh/kg.This work offers an in-spiring strategy for facile fabrication of carbon nanosheets,and demonstrates their promising application in“water-in-salt”electrolyte-based supercapacitor systems.

Integration of HiBiT into enteroviruses:A universal tool for advancing enterovirus virology research

The utilization of enteroviruses engineered with reporter genes serves as a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of enterovirus biology and its applications,enabling the development of effective therapeutic and preventive strategies.In this study,our initial attempts to introduce a NanoLuc luciferase(NLuc)reporter gene into recombinant enteroviruses were unsuccessful in rescuing viable progenies.We hypothesized that the size of the inserted tag might be a determining factor in the rescue of the virus.Therefore,we inserted the 11-amino-acid HiBiT tag into the genomes of enterovirus A71(EV-A71),coxsackievirus A10(CVA10),coxsackievirus A7(CVA7),coxsackievirus A16(CVA16),namely EV-A71-HiBiT,CVA16-HiBiT,CVA10-HiBiT,CVA7-HiBiT,and observed that the HiBiT-tagged viruses exhibited remarkably high rescue efficiency.Notably,the HiBiT-tagged enteroviruses displayed comparable characteristics to the wild-type viruses.A direct comparison between CVA16-NLuc and CVA16-HiBiT recombinant viruses revealed that the tiny HiBiT insertion had minimal impact on virus infectivity and replication kinetics.Moreover,these HiBiT-tagged enteroviruses demonstrated high genetic stability in different cell lines over multiple passages.In addition,the HiBiT-tagged viruses were successfully tested in antiviral drug assays,and the sensitivity of the viruses to drugs was not affected by the HiBiT tag.Ultimately,our findings provide definitive evidence that the integration of HiBiT into enteroviruses presents a universal,convenient,and invaluable method for advancing research in the realm of enterovirus virology.Furthermore,HiBiT-tagged enteroviruses exhibit great potential for diverse applications,including the development of antivirals and the elucidation of viral infection mechanisms.