Rogue Waves of the Kundu-DNLS Equation

In this paper, we give the Lax pair and construct the Darboux transformation of the Kundu-DNLS equation. Furthermore, the rogue wave solutions of the Kundu-DNLS equation are derived by using the Taylor expansion of the breather solution. What's more, the triangular and the circular patterns of the third rouge solution are displayed.

Deformed two-dimensional rogue waves in the (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries equation

Within the(2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries equation framework,new bilinear B¨acklund transformation and Lax pair are presented based on the binary Bell polynomials and gauge transformation.By introducing an arbitrary functionφ(y),a family of deformed soliton and deformed breather solutions are presented with the improved Hirota’s bilinear method.By choosing the appropriate parameters,their interesting dynamic behaviors are shown in three-dimensional plots.Furthermore,novel rational solutions are generated by taking the limit of the obtained solitons.Additionally,twodimensional(2D)rogue waves(localized in both space and time)on the soliton plane are presented,we refer to them as deformed 2D rogue waves.The obtained deformed 2D rogue waves can be viewed as a 2D analog of the Peregrine soliton on soliton plane,and its evolution process is analyzed in detail.The deformed 2D rogue wave solutions are constructed successfully,which are closely related to the arbitrary functionφ(y).This new idea is also applicable to other nonlinear systems.

Rogue Waves of the Kundu-Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation

This paper is based on the Darboux transformation of the Kundu-Nonlinear Schr&oumldinger equation. The rogue wave solutions are obtained from periodic seed solutions. After that, the higher order rogue wave solutions of the Kundu-Nonlinear Schr&oumldinger equation are given. Finally, we show that free parameters in eigenfunctions can adjust the patterns of the higher order rogue waves.

Waldenström macroglobulinemia:a challenging case treated with anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy

Waldenström macroglobulinemia(WM)is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma associated with large amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulin M(IgM)protein(Owen et al.,2003).Common signs and symptoms include fatigue due to anemia,lymph node enlargement,hepatosplenomegaly,thrombocytopenia,symptoms related to high viscosity,and peripheral neuropathy,among others.Despite significant advances in WM treatment,this type of indolent lymphoma remains incurable,with a wide array of patient outcomes(Ruan et al.,2020).In recent years,chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy targeting cluster of differentiation 19(CD19)has shown unprecedented response rates and durability in the treatment of B-cell malignancies.In this report,we describe a challenging case of WM that involved multiple extramedullary sites,relapsed,and was refractory to chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy.After anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy,the tumor burden significantly decreased and the patient’s condition remained stable at the writing of this report.

Nonsingular Positon Solutions of a Variable-Coefficient Modified KdV Equation

The determinant representation of three-fold Darboux transformation for a variable-coefficient modified KdV equation is displayed based on the technique used to solve Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur system. Additionally, the nonsingular positon solutions of the variable-coefficient modified KdV equation are firstly discovered analytically and graphically.

Riemann–Hilbert approach and N double-pole solutions for a nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation

We investigate the inverse scattering transform for the Schrödinger-type equation under zero boundary conditions with the Riemann–Hilbert(RH)approach.In the direct scattering process,the properties are given,such as Jost solutions,asymptotic behaviors,analyticity,the symmetries of the Jost solutions and the corresponding spectral matrix.In the inverse scattering process,the matrix RH problem is constructed for this integrable equation base on analyzing the spectral problem.Then,the reconstruction formula of potential and trace formula are also derived correspondingly.Thus,N double-pole solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation are obtained by solving the RH problems corresponding to the reflectionless cases.Furthermore,we present a single double-pole solution by taking some parameters,and it is analyzed in detail.

The Bargmann Symmetry Constraint and Binary Nonlinearization of the Super Dirac Systems

An explicit Bargmann symmetry constraint is computed and its associated binary nonlinearization of Lax pairs is carried out for the super Dirac systems. Under the obtained symmetry constraint, the n-th flow of the super Dirac hierarchy is decomposed into two super finite-diinensional integrable Hamiltonian systems, defined over the super- symmetry manifold R^4N{2N with the corresponding dynamical variables x and tn. The integrals of motion required for Liouville integrability are explicitly given.

Pirh2 mediates the sensitivity of myeloma cells to bortezomib via canonical NF-κB signaling pathway

Clinical success of the proteasome inhibitor established bortezomib as one of the most effective drugs in treatment of multiple myeloma （MM）. While survival benefit of bortezomib generated new treatment strategies, the primary and secondary resistance of MM cells to bortezomib remains a clinical concern. This study aimed to highlight the role of p53-induced RING-H2 （Pirh2） in the acquisition of bortezomib resistance in MM and to clarify the function and mechanism of action of Pirh2 in MM cell growth and resistance, thereby providing the basis for new therapeutic targets for MM. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been established as one of the most effective drugs for treating MM. We demonstrated that bortezomib resistance in MM cells resulted from a reduction in Pirh2 protein levels. Pirh2 overexpression overcame bortezomib resistance and restored the sensitivity of myeloma cells to bortezomib, while a reduction in Pirh2 levels was correlated with bortezomib resistance. The levels of nuclear factor- kappaB （NF-κB） p65, pp65, plKBa, and IKKa were higher in bortezomib-resistant cells than those in parental cells. Pirh2 overexpression reduced the levels of plKBa and IKKa, while the knockdown of Pirh2 via short hairpin RNAs increased the expression of NF-κB p65, plKBa, and IKKa. Therefore, Pirh2 suppressed the canonical NF- κB signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IKBa to overcome acquired bortezomib resistance in MM cells.

High-order breather,M-kink lump and semi-rational solutions of potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation

N-kink soliton and high-order synchronized breather solutions for potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation are derived by means of the Hirota bilinear method,and the limit process of high-order synchronized breathers are shown.Furthermore,M-lump solutions are also presented by taking the long wave limit.Additionally,a family of semi-rational solutions with elastic collision are generated by taking a long-wave limit of only a part of exponential functions,their interaction behaviors are shown by three-dimensional plots and contour plots.

String Equations of the q-KP Hierarchy

Based on the Lax operator L and Orlov-Shulman's M operator,the string equations of the q-KP hierarchy are established from the special additional symmetry flows,and the negative Virasoro constraint generators {L-n,n ≥ 1} of the 2-reduced q-KP hierarchy are also obtained.

Rogue wave light bullets of the three-dimensional inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We discover single and homocentric optical spheres of the three-dimensional inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation(NLSE)with spherical symmetry,which is a novel model of light bullets that can present a three-dimensional rogue wave.The isosurface of this light bullet oscillates along the radius direction and does not travel with the evolution of time.The localized nature of rogue wave light bullets both in space and in time,which is in complete contrast to the traveling character of the usual light bullets,is due to the localization of the rogue wave in the one-dimensional NLSE.We present also an investigation of the stability of the optical sphere solutions.The lower modes of perturbation are found to display transverse instabilities that break the spherical symmetry of the system.For the higher modes,the optical sphere solutions can be classified as stable solutions.

Application of interim PET-CT in first-line treatment decision-making for lymphoma

Recent advances in lymphoma treatment have significantly improved the survival of patients;however,the current approaches also have varying side effects.To overcome these,it is critical to implement individualized treatment according to the patient’s condition.Therefore,the early identification of high-risk groups and targeted treatment are important strategies for prolonging the survival time and improving the quality of life of patients.Interim positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET-CT)has a high prognostic value,which can reflect chemosensitivity and identify patients for whom treatment may fail under this regimen.To date,many prospective clinical studies on interim PET(iPET)-adapted therapy have been conducted.In this review,we focus on the treatment strategies entailed in these studies,as well as the means and timing of iPET assessment,with the aim of exploring the efficacy and existing issues regarding iPET-adapted treatment.It is expected that the improved use of PET-CT examination can facilitate treatment decision-making to identify precise treatment options.

How are MCPIP1 and cytokines mutually regulated in cancer-related immunity?

Cytokines are secreted by various cell types and act as critical mediators in many physiological processes,including immune response and tumor progression.Cytokines production is precisely and timely regulated by multiple mechanisms at different levels,ranging from transcriptional to post-transcriptional and posttranslational processes.Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induced protein 1(MCPIP1),a potent immunosuppressive protein,was first described as a transcription factor in monocytes treated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)and subsequently found to possess intrinsic RNase and deubiquitinase activities.MCPIP1 tightly regulates cytokines expression via various functions.Furthermore,cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta(IL-1B)and MCP-1 and inflammatory cytokines inducer lipopolysaccharide(LPS)strongly induce MCPIP1 expression.Mutually regulated MCPIP1 and cytokines form a complicated network in the tumor environment.In this review,we summarize how MCPIP1 and cytokines reciprocally interact and elucidate the effect of the network formed by these components in cancer-related immunity with aim of exploring potential clinical benefits of their mutual regulation.

High levels of serum IL-10 indicate disease progression,extramedullary involvement,and poor prognosis in multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma(MM)is a common malignant hematological tumor in adults,which is characterized by clonal malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow and secretion of a large number of abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulins(M protein),leading to bone destruction,hypercalcemia,anemia,and renal insufficiency(Alexandrakis et al.,2015;Yang et al.,2018).Since a large number of new drugs,represented by proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators,have been successfullyused to treat MM.

Symmetric q-Deformed KP Hierarchy

Based on the analytic property of the symmetric q-exponent e_q(x),a new symmetric q-deformed Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(q-KP for short) hierarchy associated with the symmetric q-derivative operator α_q is constructed.Furthermore,the symmetric q-CKP hierarchy and symmetric q-BKP hierarchy are defined.The authors also investigate the additional symmetries of the symmetric q-KP hierarchy.

Regular Solution and Lattice Miura Transformation of Bigraded Toda Hierarchy

The authors give finite dimensional exponential solutions of the bigraded Toda hierarchy （BTH）. As a specific example of exponential solutions of the BTH, the authors consider a regular solution for the （1, 2）-BTH with a 3 × 3-sized Lax matrix, and discuss some geometric structures of the solution from which the difference between the （1, 2）- BTH and the original Toda hierarchy is shown. After this, the authors construct another kind of Lax representation of （N, 1）-BTH which does not use the fractional operator of Lax operator. Then the authors introduce the lattice Miura transformation of （N, 1）-BTH which leads to equations depending on one field, and meanwhile some specific examples which contain the Volterra lattice equation （a useful ecological competition model） are given.