高等教育数字化转型:内涵、困境及路径

高等教育已被工业革命4.0带来的技术进步所渗透,迫使高等教育亟需面对所有方面的数字化转型,为此,探究高等教育数字化转型成为一个新兴领域,并引起学者们的广泛关注。在此背景下,加快高等教育数字化转型步伐,大力推进高等教育信息化、教育资源数字化、教育技术赋能化、教育方式创新化,以数字化创新引领高等教育高质量发展,已成为我国高等教育改革在当前和未来的时代要求。文章以数字化转型的基本特征作为出发点,提出高等教育数字化转型的基本内涵有两种表现形式:数字技术驱动的高等教育转型和面向高等教育转型的数字创新;然后阐述疫情和技术双重挑战下,我国高等教育数字化转型面临的困境;接着从高质、共享、协同、普惠四个方面剖析了高等教育数字化转型的目标。以此为基础,文章提出推进高等教育数字化转型的实施路径:一是加强顶层设计,制定高等教育数字化转型战略规划;二是建立数字化平台,提升数据治理综合能力;三是提升师生数字素养,培育技术性专业数字人才。

All-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)inhibits insufficient radiofrequency ablation(IRFA)-induced enrichment of tumor-initiating cells in hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective:Local recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)after radiofrequency ablation(RFA)treatment remains a serious problem.Tumor-initiating cells(TICs)are thought to be responsible for tumor relapse.Here,we investigated the effect of the TIC differentiation inducer,all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA),on RFA and explored the potential molecular mechanisms.Methods:The proportions of CD133+and epithelial cell adhesion molecule(Ep CAM);TICs in recurrent HCC after RFA and primary HCC were first determined in clinic.Then,the effect of heat intervention or insufficient RFA(IRFA)on the malignant potential of HCC cells,including cell migration,sphere formation ability,tumor growth,the proportion of CD133+and Ep CAM+TICs and expression of stem cell-related genes,was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.Finally,the effect of ATRA on the tumor growth and the proportion of TICs was evaluated.Results:In clinical data,a higher proportion of CD133+and Ep CAM+TICs was found in recurrent tumors than in primary tumors.In vitro heat intervention promoted the cell migration and sphere formation ability.Additionally,it increased the proportion of CD133+and Ep CAM+TICs and the expression of stem cell-related genes.In addition,after IRFA the residual tumors in xenografts grew faster and had more TICs than untreated tumors.ATRA remarkably inhibited residual tumor growth after IRFA by elimination of TICs though the PI3 K/AKT pathway.Combination treatment with ATRA resulted in longer survival outcomes in mouse xenografts than RFA alone.Conclusions:ATRA,as a TIC differentiation inducer,could help to improve the effect of RFA treatment,which was partially attributed to its effect against TICs.The data indicated its potential as an alternative drug in the development of better therapeutic strategies for use in combination with RFA.

Vegetation pattern in Shell Ridge Island in China＇s Yellow River Delta

In general, coastal habitat conditions are extremely harsh, with the ecological equilibrium inextric- ably related to the plant community. Understanding the natural vegetation features of a coastal zone with little human disturbance could provide a reference for future vegetation restoration and ecosystem maintenance ser- vices. In this study, the vegetation patterns of Wangzi Shell Ridge Island in the Yellow River Delta were investigated. A total of 35 taxa of vascular plants were documented, representing 15 families and 33 genera （of which most were mono-specific）. Surveys identified only one to eight taxa in each plot. From sea to land, the vegetation showed a typical zonal distribution pattern. There was a correlation between the landform and important factors that influenced the plants including soil factors and distance from the sea. Thus, the taxa distribution and vegetation had a significant correlation with landform. The dune crest, backdune and interdune lowlands were areas with weak storm surges and were the important locations for the taxa to be become established. Plants along the high-tide line formed important defenses from large waves and high winds. The significant protection provided a suitable living environment for many organisms with high medicinal value. Special attention and protection could be provided to this area by reducing the use of the beach road and enclosing the complete section from sea to land with a protective fence. In addition, vegetation protection and restoration on Shell Ridge Island would aid in the formulation and implementation of reintroduction strate- gies for similar vegetation in similar habitats.

Flora characteristics of Chenier Wetland in Bohai Bay and biogeographic relations with adjacent wetlands

A key step towards the restoration of heavily disturbed fragile coastal wetland ecosystems is determin- ing the composition and characteristics of the plant communities involved. This study determined and char- acterized the community of higher plants in the Chenier wetland of Bohai Bay using a combination of field surveys, quadrat approaches, and multivariate statistical analyses. This community was then compared to other adjacent wetlands （Tianjin, Qinhuangdao, Laizhouwan, Jiaozhou- wan, and Yellow River Delta wetland） located near the Huanghai and Bohai Seas using principal coordinate analysis （PCoA）. Results showed a total of 56 higher plant species belonging to 52 genera from 20 families in Chenier wetland, the majority of which were dicotyledons. Single-species families were predominant, while larger families, including Gramineae, Compositae, Leguminosae, and Chenopodiaceae contained a higher number of species （cache〉6 species）. Cosmopolitan species were also dominant with apparent intrazonality. Abundance （number of species） of temperate species was twice that of tropical taxa. Species number of perennial herbs, such as Gramineae and Compositae, was generally higher. Plant diversity in the Chenier wetland, based on the Shannon- Wiener index, was observed to be between the Qinhuang- dao and Laizhouwan indices, while no significant difference was found in other wetlands using the Simpson index. Despite these slight differences in diversity, PCoA based on species abundance and composition of the wetland flora suggest that the Bohai Chenier community was highly similar to the coastal wetlands in Tianjin and Laizhouwan, further suggesting that these two wetlands could be important breeding grounds and resources for the restoration of the plant ecosystem in the Chenier wetland.