重庆市主城区学龄前儿童患龋情况及口腔卫生服务需要、利用情况和影响因素的研究

目的对重庆市主城区学龄前儿童口腔健康状况及其口腔卫生服务的需要和口腔卫生服务实际利用情况进行调查,分析其可能的影响因素,为重庆地区有针对性开展学龄前儿童口腔预防保健工作提供参考。方法参考第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查实施方案,采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取主城9区中的3区12个街道24所幼儿园共1 300名3～4岁儿童进行口腔检查,并根据安德森卫生服务利用行为模型设计调查问卷并发放给家长填写。对口腔卫生服务利用情况采用卡方检验和logistic逐步回归分析。结果重庆市主城区学龄前儿童患龋率为55.4%,龋失补牙面数为6 696,龋面均为5.2,龋齿充填构成比为2.3%。有效问卷共1 173份,结果显示过去1年治疗性口腔就诊率为6.31%(74/1 173),预防性口腔就诊率为22.93%(269/1 173)。照顾者的受教育程度、受口腔问题困扰、每天何时刷牙和过去1年牙疼史为口腔就诊率的影响因素。结论重庆市学龄前儿童的口腔卫生服务需要仍普遍,口腔卫生服务利用不足,口腔医疗保健任务仍然十分艰巨,应进一步制定有针对性的口腔预防政策。

Cloning and Expression Analysis of THWRKY12 Gene from Tamarix hispida

[ Objective] This study aimed to clone and analyze the expression of THWRKY12 gene in Tamarix hispida. [Method] T. hispida seedlings were treated with 400 mmol/L NaC1 solutlon, 20% PEG and 100 μmol/L ABA, respectively. The expression of THIVRKY12 gene in different tissues was investigated by RT-PCR technology. [Result] Under treatments of NaC1 and PEG, the expression of THWRKY12 gene in different tissues of T. h/sp/da seedlings showed an overall upregulated trend, suggesting that THWRKYI2 is related with the saline-alkali resistance and drought resistance of T. hispida. Under ABA treatment, THWRKY12 gene had approximately the same expression pattern with the former two, indicating that THWRKY12 gene may involve in the regulation and control of the saline-al- kali resistance and drought resistance of T. hispida through the signal pathway regulated by ABA. [ Conclusion] This study laid foundation for investigating the functions of WRKY gene in the stress resistance of T. hispida.

Microenvironment Modulation in Metal−Organic Framework-Based Catalysis

CONSPECTUS:The fine design and regulation of catalysts play critical roles in the development of catalysis.The microenvironment,which gives rise to unique spatial structures and electronic properties around catalytic sites,has been proven to dramatically regulate catalytic behavior in enzymes and homogeneous catalysis.However,understanding the microenvironment modulation(MEM)of catalytic sites remains challenging and very limited in heterogeneous catalysis mainly due to the lack of structural precision and/or tailorability of traditional solid catalysts.Among diverse materials,metal−organic frameworks(MOFs),a class of porous crystalline solids,have been intensively studied as heterogeneous catalysts in recent years.The atomically precise and well tunable structures of MOFs make them an ideal platform for rationally regulating the microenvironment surrounding catalytic sites.Accordingly,their well-defined structures hold great promise for elucidating how the microenvironment modulation affects the resulting catalytic performance.Nevertheless,the investigations of accurate control over the microenvironment of catalytic sites in MOFs for modulated catalysis are still very limited.Therefore,it is of great importance to summarize the related results and provide in-depth insights into microenvironment modulation in MOF-based catalysis,accelerating the future development of this emerging research topic.In this Account,we have presented a summary of our recent attempts to optimize the catalytic performance of MOF-based materials via microenvironment modulation.In view of the unique component and structural advantages of MOFs,we deliver the general fundamentals for rational control over the microenvironment in MOF-based catalysis.Initially,the great opportunities brought about by MOFs for accurate control over microenvironment engineering,including the origin of abundant active sites,flexible regulation strategies,and well-defined structure,are introduced in detail.In the next section,we focus on the specific strategies of microenvironment modulation in MOF-based catalysis,which dominate the molecular/electron-transfer process and regulate the intrinsic activity of catalytic sites.Meanwhile,the related chemical basis and underlying structure−property relationship behind the enhanced catalytic performance will be highlighted.Finally,the major challenges and future outlooks on the microenvironment modulation in MOF-based catalysis will be further discussed.It is expected that this Account would provide an understanding of the importance of microenvironment modulation around catalytic sites in MOF-based catalysts and afford significant inspiration toward enhanced performance by microenvironment engineering in heterogeneous catalysis.

Generation of Hierarchical Pores in Metal-Organic Frameworks by Introducing Rigid Modulator

The fabrication of hierarchically porous metal-organic frameworks(HP-MOFs)that combine tunable mesopore sizes with high stability is highly desired but remains a technical challenge.Herein,a facile and versatile“rigid modular-assisted defect formation”strategy has been developed to transform microporous MOFs into their corresponding HP-MOFs.By controlling the modulator dose and acid amount,the pore size and mesopore percentage can be finely regulated.Based on the hierarchical pores,the mass transfer of molecules with large sizes is significantly promoted.As a result,the representative HP-UiO-66-NH_(2)-OTf,decorated with a trifluoromethanesulfonate(OTf)group to enhance Lewis acidity,exhibits excellent activity and selectivity in tandem catalysis,far superior to pristine UiO-66-NH_(2).This work provides a novel strategy to the general synthesis of stable HP-MOFs.

Necrotic enteritis challenge regulates peroxisome proliferator-1 activated receptors signaling and β-oxidation pathways in broiler chickens

Necrotic enteritis(NE)is an important enteric disease in poultry and has become a major concern in poultry production in the post-antibiotic era.The infection with NE can damage the intestinal mucosa of the birds leading to impaired health and,thus,productivity.To gain a better understanding of how NE impacts the gut function of infected broilers,global mRNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was performed in the jejunum tissue of NE challenged and non-challenged broilers to identify the pathways and genes affected by this disease.Briefly,to induce NE,birds in the challenge group were inoculated with 1 mL of Eimeria species on day 9 followed by 1 mL of approximately 108 CFU/mL of a NetB producing Clostridium per-fringens on days 14 and 15.On day 16,2 birds in each treatment were randomly selected and euthanized and the whole intestinal tract was evaluated for lesion scores.Duodenum tissue samples from one of the euthanized birds of each replicate(n=4)was used for histology,and the jejunum tissue for RNA extraction.RNA-seq analysis was performed with an Illumina RNA HiSeq 2000 sequencer.The differ-entially expressed genes(DEG)were identified and functional analysis was performed in DAVID to find protein-protein interactions(PPI).At a false discovery rate threshold<0.05,a total of 377 DEG(207 upregulated and 170 downregulated)DEG were identified.Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEG were considerably enriched in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR)signaling(P<0.01)andβ-oxidation pathways(P<0.05).The DEG were mostly related to fatty acid metabolism and degradation(cluster of differentiation 36[CD36],acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member-1[ACSBG1],fatty acid-binding protein-1 and-2[FABP1]and[FABP2];and acyl-coenzyme A synthetase-1[ACSL1]),bile acid production and transportation(acyl-CoA oxidase-2[ACOX2],apical sodium-bile acid transporter[ASBT])and essential genes in the immune system(interferon-,[IFN-γ],LCK proto-oncogene,Src family tyrosine kinase[LCK],zeta chain of T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70 kDa[ZAP70],and aconitate decarboxylase 1[ACOD1]).Our data revealed that pathways related to fatty acid digestion were significantly compromised which thereby could have affected metabolic and immune responses in NE infected birds.