Quantum multi-parameter estimation has recently attracted increased attention due to its wide applications, with a primary goal of designing high-precision measurement schemes for unknown parameters. While existing re...Quantum multi-parameter estimation has recently attracted increased attention due to its wide applications, with a primary goal of designing high-precision measurement schemes for unknown parameters. While existing research has predominantly concentrated on time-independent Hamiltonians, little has been known about quantum multi-parameter estimation for time-dependent Hamiltonians due to the complexity of quantum dynamics. This work bridges the gap by investigating the precision limit of multi-parameter quantum estimation for a qubit in an oscillating magnetic field model with multiple unknown frequencies. As the well-known quantum Cramer–Rao bound is generally unattainable due to the potential incompatibility between the optimal measurements for different parameters, we use the most informative bound instead which is always attainable and equivalent to the Holevo bound in the asymptotic limit. Moreover, we apply additional Hamiltonian to the system to engineer the dynamics of the qubit. By utilizing the quasi-Newton method, we explore the optimal schemes to attain the highest precision for the unknown frequencies of the magnetic field, including the simultaneous optimization of initial state preparation, the control Hamiltonian and the final measurement. The results indicate that the optimization can yield much higher precisions for the field frequencies than those without the optimizations. Finally,we study the robustness of the optimal control scheme with respect to the fluctuation of the interested frequencies, and the optimized scheme exhibits superior robustness to the scenario without any optimization.展开更多
Background: The association between prenatal exposure to antiseizure medications (ASM) and autism spectrum disorder has been documented. This study sought to examine and synthesize evidence from studies that have eval...Background: The association between prenatal exposure to antiseizure medications (ASM) and autism spectrum disorder has been documented. This study sought to examine and synthesize evidence from studies that have evaluated these associations, with particular focus on the trimester of pregnancy and dosage of exposure. Methodology: PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched following strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. 10 studies were recruited involving children born to mothers with epilepsy who took ASM during pregnancy as cases, and those with epilepsy who did not take any ASM in pregnancy. Results: The relative risk of developing ASD among children exposed to valproic acid (RR, 3.90 [95% CI: 2.36 - 6.44], p < 0.006), was twice higher than that of carbamazepine (RR, 1.65 [95% CI: 0.62 - 4.37], p < 0.0001), or lamotrigine (RR, 1.60 [95% CI: 0.77 - 3.32], p = 0.006). The trimester of exposure and dosage of ASM administered were not significant. Conclusion: In summary, prenatal exposure to ASM increased the risk of developing ASD in children. The relative risk was twice as high in those exposed to valproic acid compared to those exposed to carbamazepine or lamotrigine. Trimester of pregnancy and dosage of ASM used by the mothers were not significant.展开更多
Objective:Although our previous genome-wide association study(GWAS)has identified chromosome 2q33.1 as a susceptibility locus for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),the causal variants remain unclear.The aims of this s...Objective:Although our previous genome-wide association study(GWAS)has identified chromosome 2q33.1 as a susceptibility locus for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),the causal variants remain unclear.The aims of this study were to identify the causal variants in 2q33.1 and to explore their biological functions in NSCLC.Methods:CCK-8,colony formation,EdU incorporation,Transwell,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were applied to examine variant function.The tumor xenograft model was used to examine variant function in vivo.Caspase-8 activity assays,flow cytometry analysis,and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to explore the molecular mechanism.Results:The missense variant rs3769823(A>G),which caused the substitution of lysine with arginine at amino acid 14 in caspase-8(caspase-8K14R),was identified as a potential causal candidate in 2q33.1.Compared with the wild type caspase-8(caspase8WT)group,the caspase-8K14R group had higher expression of caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-8.Caspase-8K14R inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of human lung cancer cell lines in vitro.Moreover,caspase-8K14R repressed lung cancer cell growth in vivo.Mechanistically,caspase-8K14R was more sensitive than caspase-8WT to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis and showed higher binding of caspase-8 and FADD.Conclusions:These results suggested that rs3769823 is the causal variant in chromosome 2q33.1 and is involved in an apoptosis pathway,leading to a decreased risk of NSCLC.展开更多
Despite the dramatic increase in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) globally, no research has been conducted in Somalia regarding ASD. However, research studies from Somali immigrants (diaspora) living in Sweden, the US,...Despite the dramatic increase in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) globally, no research has been conducted in Somalia regarding ASD. However, research studies from Somali immigrants (diaspora) living in Sweden, the US, the UK, etc., have been major contributors to the subject of ASD among people of Somali descent. In this review, we aimed to examine ASD among the Somali diaspora community in terms of its prevalence, possible causes, knowledge of the diseases among the diaspora community, and the challenges faced in raising ASD-affected children in a foreign country. These findings create a general picture of the magnitude of the burden of ASD diagnosis and management and the coping mechanisms adopted by the Somali diaspora community, which are vital lessons for policymakers, child health non-governmental organizations, and the professional medical bodies aiming to tackle ASD back home in Somalia. The study found that ASD is three to five times more prevalent among children of Somali descent than their peers from other backgrounds and that Somali children were generally diagnosed much later than their peers and often presented with lower intellectual abilities than their peers. Furthermore, Somali immigrants were found to have low levels of knowledge about autism, faced stigma and discrimination and often resorted to religion and a small tight circle of friends and family for social support. They faced a huge challenge of seeking access to healthcare and schools for their autistic children and have a mistrust of social services for fear of the government taking away their children. These findings raise the possibility that neglected ASD cases may be prevalent in Somalia and thus makes recommendations for future research, social policy development, and early intervention services for individuals with autism in Somalia.展开更多
Adenosine-to-inosine(A-to-I)RNA editing is a widespread posttranscriptional modification that has been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis.Here,we evaluated a total of 19,316 RNA editing sites in the tiss...Adenosine-to-inosine(A-to-I)RNA editing is a widespread posttranscriptional modification that has been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis.Here,we evaluated a total of 19,316 RNA editing sites in the tissues of 80 lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)patients from our Nanjing Lung Cancer Cohort(NJLCC)and 486 LUAD patients from the TCGA database.The global RNA editing level was significantly increased in tumor tissues and was highly heterogeneous across patients.The high RNA editing level in tumors was attributed to both RNA(ADAR1 expression)and DNA alterations(mutation load).Consensus clustering on RNA editing sites revealed a new molecular subtype(EC3)that was associated with the poorest prognosis of LUAD patients.Importantly,the new classification was independent of classic molecular subtypes based on gene expression or DNA methylation.We further proposed a simplified model including eight RNA editing sites to accurately distinguish the EC3 subtype in our patients.The model was further validated in the TCGA dataset and had an area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93(95%CI:0.91-0.95).In addition,we found that LUAD cell lines with the EC3 subtype were sensitive to four chemotherapy drugs.These findings highlighted the importance of RNA editing events in the tumorigenesis of LUAD and provided insight into the application of RNA editing in the molecular subtyping and clinical treatment of cancer.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12075323)。
文摘Quantum multi-parameter estimation has recently attracted increased attention due to its wide applications, with a primary goal of designing high-precision measurement schemes for unknown parameters. While existing research has predominantly concentrated on time-independent Hamiltonians, little has been known about quantum multi-parameter estimation for time-dependent Hamiltonians due to the complexity of quantum dynamics. This work bridges the gap by investigating the precision limit of multi-parameter quantum estimation for a qubit in an oscillating magnetic field model with multiple unknown frequencies. As the well-known quantum Cramer–Rao bound is generally unattainable due to the potential incompatibility between the optimal measurements for different parameters, we use the most informative bound instead which is always attainable and equivalent to the Holevo bound in the asymptotic limit. Moreover, we apply additional Hamiltonian to the system to engineer the dynamics of the qubit. By utilizing the quasi-Newton method, we explore the optimal schemes to attain the highest precision for the unknown frequencies of the magnetic field, including the simultaneous optimization of initial state preparation, the control Hamiltonian and the final measurement. The results indicate that the optimization can yield much higher precisions for the field frequencies than those without the optimizations. Finally,we study the robustness of the optimal control scheme with respect to the fluctuation of the interested frequencies, and the optimized scheme exhibits superior robustness to the scenario without any optimization.
文摘Background: The association between prenatal exposure to antiseizure medications (ASM) and autism spectrum disorder has been documented. This study sought to examine and synthesize evidence from studies that have evaluated these associations, with particular focus on the trimester of pregnancy and dosage of exposure. Methodology: PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched following strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. 10 studies were recruited involving children born to mothers with epilepsy who took ASM during pregnancy as cases, and those with epilepsy who did not take any ASM in pregnancy. Results: The relative risk of developing ASD among children exposed to valproic acid (RR, 3.90 [95% CI: 2.36 - 6.44], p < 0.006), was twice higher than that of carbamazepine (RR, 1.65 [95% CI: 0.62 - 4.37], p < 0.0001), or lamotrigine (RR, 1.60 [95% CI: 0.77 - 3.32], p = 0.006). The trimester of exposure and dosage of ASM administered were not significant. Conclusion: In summary, prenatal exposure to ASM increased the risk of developing ASD in children. The relative risk was twice as high in those exposed to valproic acid compared to those exposed to carbamazepine or lamotrigine. Trimester of pregnancy and dosage of ASM used by the mothers were not significant.
基金supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82103926 and 81702266)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81521004)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20210534)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2021M691636)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.2019RU038)Graduate Research and Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.KYCX20_1442 and KYCX20_1412).
文摘Objective:Although our previous genome-wide association study(GWAS)has identified chromosome 2q33.1 as a susceptibility locus for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),the causal variants remain unclear.The aims of this study were to identify the causal variants in 2q33.1 and to explore their biological functions in NSCLC.Methods:CCK-8,colony formation,EdU incorporation,Transwell,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were applied to examine variant function.The tumor xenograft model was used to examine variant function in vivo.Caspase-8 activity assays,flow cytometry analysis,and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to explore the molecular mechanism.Results:The missense variant rs3769823(A>G),which caused the substitution of lysine with arginine at amino acid 14 in caspase-8(caspase-8K14R),was identified as a potential causal candidate in 2q33.1.Compared with the wild type caspase-8(caspase8WT)group,the caspase-8K14R group had higher expression of caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-8.Caspase-8K14R inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of human lung cancer cell lines in vitro.Moreover,caspase-8K14R repressed lung cancer cell growth in vivo.Mechanistically,caspase-8K14R was more sensitive than caspase-8WT to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis and showed higher binding of caspase-8 and FADD.Conclusions:These results suggested that rs3769823 is the causal variant in chromosome 2q33.1 and is involved in an apoptosis pathway,leading to a decreased risk of NSCLC.
文摘Despite the dramatic increase in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) globally, no research has been conducted in Somalia regarding ASD. However, research studies from Somali immigrants (diaspora) living in Sweden, the US, the UK, etc., have been major contributors to the subject of ASD among people of Somali descent. In this review, we aimed to examine ASD among the Somali diaspora community in terms of its prevalence, possible causes, knowledge of the diseases among the diaspora community, and the challenges faced in raising ASD-affected children in a foreign country. These findings create a general picture of the magnitude of the burden of ASD diagnosis and management and the coping mechanisms adopted by the Somali diaspora community, which are vital lessons for policymakers, child health non-governmental organizations, and the professional medical bodies aiming to tackle ASD back home in Somalia. The study found that ASD is three to five times more prevalent among children of Somali descent than their peers from other backgrounds and that Somali children were generally diagnosed much later than their peers and often presented with lower intellectual abilities than their peers. Furthermore, Somali immigrants were found to have low levels of knowledge about autism, faced stigma and discrimination and often resorted to religion and a small tight circle of friends and family for social support. They faced a huge challenge of seeking access to healthcare and schools for their autistic children and have a mistrust of social services for fear of the government taking away their children. These findings raise the possibility that neglected ASD cases may be prevalent in Somalia and thus makes recommendations for future research, social policy development, and early intervention services for individuals with autism in Somalia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81922061,82072579,81521004,81973123and 81871885)the National Key Research and Development Project(2017YFC0907905)Research Unit of Prospective Cohort of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU038)。
文摘Adenosine-to-inosine(A-to-I)RNA editing is a widespread posttranscriptional modification that has been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis.Here,we evaluated a total of 19,316 RNA editing sites in the tissues of 80 lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)patients from our Nanjing Lung Cancer Cohort(NJLCC)and 486 LUAD patients from the TCGA database.The global RNA editing level was significantly increased in tumor tissues and was highly heterogeneous across patients.The high RNA editing level in tumors was attributed to both RNA(ADAR1 expression)and DNA alterations(mutation load).Consensus clustering on RNA editing sites revealed a new molecular subtype(EC3)that was associated with the poorest prognosis of LUAD patients.Importantly,the new classification was independent of classic molecular subtypes based on gene expression or DNA methylation.We further proposed a simplified model including eight RNA editing sites to accurately distinguish the EC3 subtype in our patients.The model was further validated in the TCGA dataset and had an area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93(95%CI:0.91-0.95).In addition,we found that LUAD cell lines with the EC3 subtype were sensitive to four chemotherapy drugs.These findings highlighted the importance of RNA editing events in the tumorigenesis of LUAD and provided insight into the application of RNA editing in the molecular subtyping and clinical treatment of cancer.